Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study of Naphtholic and Phenolic Azo Dyes

Azo dyes are extremely important in variety of industries for variety of technical purposes. Hence, a series of naphtholic azo dyes 1-9 were synthesized via diazotization of substituted aniline derivatives followed by azo coupling with 2-naphthol. In similar manner, diazotization followed by azo coupling with phenol afforded phenolic azo dyes 10-17 in excellent yields. The chemical structures of all synthesized compounds were confirmed using analytical data and spectroscopic technique which include Uv-visible, IR, Mass spectra, 1H- and 13C-NMR

Modelling the Simultaneous Adsorption and Biodegradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons onto Non-Carbonized Biological Adsorbent in Batch System

In this study, a modified two-site sorption kinetic numerical model that differentiates between the adsorption and biodegradation quantities of a non-carbonized biological activated adsorbent (NCBAA) was developed and validated. Also, the effects of initial naphthalene and phenol concentrations on the simultaneous adsorption-biodegradation performances of orange and pineapple peel immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIB 950 in naphthalene and phenol removal was respectively evaluated. Adsorption-biodegradation model was developed from the modification of a two-site kinetic numerical model by combining the elements of adsorption and biodegradation models and validation of the model carried out through the application of batch adsorption-biodegradation equilibrium and kinetic experimental data. Results showed that the model predictions of the naphthalene and phenol concentrations are in good agreement with the experimental data. For simultaneous adsorption-biodegradation of naphthalene by orange peel immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa, adsorption rate coefficient increased with initial naphthalene concentration and biodegradation rate coefficient decreased with increased initial concentration; and for phenol simultaneous adsorption-biodegradation by pineapple peel immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa, adsorption rate coefficient decreased with increased initial phenol concentration and biodegradation rate coefficient increased with increased initial phenol concentration. Thus, the adsorption-biodegradation model is a reasonable tool for simulating the adsorption-biodegradation behaviors of aromatic hydrocarbons in NCBAA. Keywords: Bacteria; Simultaneous adsorption-biodegradation; Phenol; Naphthalene; Non-carbonized biological activated adsorbent; Numerical model.

Catalyst-Free Expeditious Synthesis Of 2-(4-TERT-BUTYLPHENYL)-3-Sustituted Quinazolin-4(3H)-One Derivatives

Quinazoline and quinazolinone derivatives are well-known bioactive heterocycles owing to their therapeutic diversity and extensive medicinal application in drug design and pharmaceutics. A series of 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives, 2a-q was herein synthesized from benzoylational conversion of anthranilic acid to 2-(4-tertbutylphenyl)-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 1 which was the first precursor which was subsequently transformed to the targeted 2,3-disubstituted quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives, 2a-q by reacting with some cheap and readily accessible amino-containing moieties via an ameliorable pathway. The catalyst-free synthesis was successfully achieved by careful reaction optimization study using solvent choice and reaction temperature variability as key parameters. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and DEPT-135 as well as analytical data. The data obtained were consistent with the proposed structures of the compounds. This targeted quinazoline motifs might pave way for new bioactive template from future drug development

Heterogeneous Catalytic Efficiency of Silica Sulfuric Acid towards the Synthesis of Substituted Pyrimidin-2 (1H)-One Derivatives

Pyrimidine template is a highly privileged motif for the development of molecules of biological and pharmaceutical interest due to its prebiotic nature to life. This present study deals with the synthesis of pyrimidin- 2(1H)-one derivative from chalcones by the action of silica supported sulfuric acid (SSA) or conventional refluxed in concentrated hydrochloric acid. The chemical structures were confirmed by analytical data and spectroscopic means such as UV, IR, mass spectra, 1H and 13C NMR. SSA was found to be efficient method for the quantitative transformation to pyrimidine frame work. It can be re-used after simple washing with chloroform thereby rendering this procedure more economical

FACILE SYNTHESIS AND SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SULFONAMIDE BEARING DIVERSIFIED CARBOXAMIDE AND HYDRAZINE CARBOXAMIDE MOIETIES

This current research describes the eco-friendly synthesis of N-(s-phenyl)-3-phenyl-2-(phenyl sulfonamido) propanamides which are sulfonamide bearing diversified carboxamide moieties. The incorporation of amido functionality into the sulfonamide moieties was herein achieved in three steps in a cost-effective manner by starting from cheap amino acid, phenyl alanine which was reacted with benzenesulfonyl chloride to produce sulfonamide which upon subsequent esterification followed by amidation furnished carboxamido-incorporated sulfonamide analogs 9a-j in good to excellent yield. The completion of reaction processes was authenticated with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and the chemical structures were validated through the elemental analysis result as well as spectroscopic means which include FT-IR, UV, 1H and 13C NMR. The technique used herein was found to be efficient and cost-effective for the production of the series of carboxamide diversified sulfonamide derivative

Evaluation of Microbial Systems for Biotreatment of Textile Waste Effluents in Nigeria: Biodecolourization and Biodegradation of textile Dye

The evaluation of some microbial species for the decolourization and degradation of textile dye has been investigated. Six microbial strains were isolated from soil contaminated with textile waste effluents using the spread plate technique and the isolates were identified as bacterial isolates ( Pseudomonas fluorescence , Pseudomonas nigificans , and Pseudomonas gellucidium ) and fungal isolates ( Aspergillus niger , Proteus morganii and Fusarium compacticum } based on gram staining, morphological and biochemical tests. They were evaluated for their capability to remove colour and degrade dye, reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) levels of textile waste effluents. The results revealed that all the bacterial and fungal isolates have a good potential to remove colour and degrade dye, reduce the COD and BOD levels of the textile waste effluents with percent colour removal, COD and BOD reductions between 39 and 48%, 74 and 97% and 77 and 95%, respectively. Binary mixed culture of Pseudomonas fluorescence and Aspergillus niger was efficiently utilized for the removal of different initial concentration (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mg/l) of dye from textile waste effluents. It had a higher percent decolourization than individual isolates. The stirred tank bioreactor was found to be very effective for efficient biotreatment of textile waste effluents

Oxirane Ring Opening of Rubber (Hevea Brasiliensis) Seed Oil by Perfomic Acid

Studies on the epoxidation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seed oil, a renewable source with formic acid was performed in the presence of 30% hydrogen peroxide at a of temperature 40, 50,60,70 oC. The process is favoured by an increase in temperature forming a product with high oxirane content which is as a result of mole ratios of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Products of high oxirane content are commercialy viable in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Natural rubber and other products can be obtained from this in- situ technique. Studies in this research shows that the rate of epoxidation increases with an increase in temperature.Oxirane values of 2.30, 3.62 and 4.73 for the various temperature. However high oxirane content of 6.22 was obtained at 70 oC which is in line with literature. FTIR analysis was also carried out on the epoxidized rubber seed oil which shows the peaks of oxirane cleavage

Volume-Level Calibrations for Partially-filled Liquid Process and Storage Vessels: Metering for Complex Geometries

Process vessels utilized for liquids and liquid-phase processes are important in the chemical process industries as they are employed for a number of purposes which include use as reservoirs, surge tanks, transportation tankers and as reactors. It is therefore often desired to have real-time data about the liquid volume and level especially for partially-filled vessels. While obtaining volume-level data for filled tanks for common geometries are simple tasks, this is not so for partially-filled vessels with complex geometries. This paper therefore sets out to develop a useful theoretical tool which can assist process engineers with the task of calibrating process tanks for these complex yet widely-used geometries. The paper presents a mathematical analysis of these geometries and develops equations and charts which could be used to estimate tank volumes from given depth of liquid for any geometry of partially-filled process vessel. The paper also develops a useful methodology which can assist in the design and sizing of process vessels using the developed charts. The paper is unique in that it utilized a normalization technique in the mathematical analyses of the partially-filled process vessels. Fractional volume and fractional depth were introduced as key variables in addition to dimensionless geometric parameters

Chemistry and pharmacological diversity of benzothiazepine Excellent pathway to drug discovery

In this era of sporadic advancement in science and technology, a substantial amount of intervention is being set in motion to reduce health-related diseases. Discoveries from researchers have pinpointed the usefulness of heterocyclic compounds, amongst which benzothiazepine (BTZ) derivatives have been syn- thesized for their various pharmacological activities. This also contributes to their undeniable application in therapeutic medicine for the development of efficacious drugs. BTZs are compounds with a benzene ring fused with a thiazepine ring. This work contains several methods that have been used to synthesize 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, and 4-1-benzothiazepine derivatives. In addition, up-to-date information about the crucial pharmacological activities of BTZ derivatives has been reviewed in this present study to appreciate their druggable potential in therapeutic medicine for drug development. Drug design and development have further been simplified with the implementation of computer aided approaches to predict biological interactions which can help in the design of several derivatives. Hence, the structural activity relationship (SAR), ADMET and the molecular docking studies of BTZ derivatives were discussed to further establish their interactions and safety in biological systems. This present work aims to expound on the reported chemistry and pharmacological propensity of BTZ moiety in relation to other relevant moieties to validate their potential as excellent pharmacophores in drug design and development