Characterization of polygalacturonase inhibitor 1-like protein (CpPGIP) from <em>Craterostigma plantagineum</em> and analysis of stress inducible <em>pcC13-62</em> promoters to understand desiccation tolerance in Linderniaceae

The work is divided into two major parts. The first part is the characterization of an important cell wall protein “polygalacturonase inhibitor 1-like protein (CpPGIP)” and in the second part we studied “stress inducible pcC13-62 promoters” to understand regulatory promoter elements triggering gene expression related to desiccation tolerance in Linderniaceae. The CpPGIP gene was cloned and the corresponding recombinant protein was purified. Quantitative analysis of the expression of the gene revealed that CpPGIP transcripts accumulate at a much higher level when the plant is under dehydration stress than without stress. The recombinant CpPGIP protein was purified and was studied during various stress conditions to understand its role and importance when the plant is subjected to stress. A yeast-two-hybrid assay identified potential candidates which might be interacting with the CpPGIP protein by forming complexes and thus helping in running the plant machinery on the cellular level. We hypothesize that PGIP might play an important role in the cell wall maintenance of C. plantagenium. The expression of the gene pcC13-62 was analysed in C. plantagineum and in the closely related desiccation-tolerant species L. brevidens and the desiccation sensitive species L. subracemosa. The study demonstrated a correlation between promoter activity and gene expression levels, suggesting transcriptional regulation of gene expression. A detailed expression pattern of the 13-62 promoter was determined by histochemical β‐glucuronidase (GUS) staining of transgenic plants that harboured a pcC13-62 promoter::GUS reporter construct. Comparison of promoter sequences identified a dehydration-responsive element in the promoters of the tolerant species which is required for dehydration-induced β-glucuronidase (GUS) accumulation. We hypothesize that variations in the regulatory sequences of the pcC13-62 gene might be required for desiccation tolerance. Comparison of the promoter regions revealed that promoters have different activities, but some functional cis‐acting elements remain conserved. The study of both the candidates provides more insight into the evolution of the molecular basis of desiccation tolerance in the plant C. plantagineum

Impact of COVID -19 on Healthy Life of People in India

The COVID-19 pandemic is not the first, and certainly not the last, to strike the world. COVID-19 has conjointly been a serious concern in higher-income countries, with several European countries and over eleven million individuals in the Republic of India had been infected with COVID-19. Though some countries and regions are seeing improvements in hospitalization and death rates, COVID-19 remains a significant concern for vulnerable and underserved populations globally. The COVID-19 pandemic is unexampled and heavy, and numerous of the policy measures taken to mitigate and contain it were necessary and comprehensible. Factors associated with difficulty in accessing medicine due to the COVID-19 situation With the diversion of human resources to COVID-19 work, active case finding for TB has been postponed by a number of states in India. Though regulative authorities in many countries have approved one or a lot of COVID-19 vaccines for emergency use, necessary challenges remain in mass manufacturing and distributing vaccines in developing countries. The national authorities need to arrange for the challenges associated with the health of their population coincidental with combating the COVID-19 pandemic. It's unclear, however, whether the twin impacts of COVID-19 and also the health care disruptions have an effect on these people within the semi-permanent

Nutraceutical Analysis of Marticaria recutita (Chamomile) Dried Leaves and Flower Powder and Comparison between Them

Chamomile is known as German Chamomile (Marticaria recutita) and Roman Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) a very famous daisy plant. The work mainly focuses on the nutraceuticals potential of Chamomile leaf and flower of this plant. The nutrient contains of the leaf and flower power was determined by various methods. The phytochemicals screening of the leaf and flower aqueous extract was performed by the different procedure. Leaf of this plant is rich in carbohydrate, protein, fat and also rich in vitamin C, iron, zinc and calcium. Whereas flower is rich in moisture and fiber as compared to leaf. The aqueous extract of leaf of Chamomile showed the presence of steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins and flower were lacked in alkaloids, saponins, gelatin and phenolic compounds. The results record that leaf and flowers powder contains different types of nutrients and phytochmicals in it. Chamomile is rich in different bioactive compounds, antioxidant and phytochemicals; carries many pharmacological and traditional properties. Leaves, flowers and stems of Chamomile are used as anti-oxidant, analgesic, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-septic, anti-diabetic, anti-proliferative, anti-bacterial activities and many more diseases. This paper put a light on nutrient content and phytochemical properties of Chamomile leaf and flower

A Systematic review on the Benefits and Challenges of Maritime Tourism

This paper reviews the benefits and challenges associated with maritime tourism, which is a growing sector of the tourism industry. Maritime tourism refers to the practice of enjoying vacations on the water, such as on cruise ships, sailing vessels, and ferries. The review discusses the various advantages of maritime tourism, including its potential to improve local economies and to create new jobs, as well as its ability to provide an exciting and unique tourist experience. It also examines the possible drawbacks, such as the potential for overcrowding and environmental damage. The authors conclude that maritime tourism can be a positive force for both tourists and host communities, provided that it is managed responsibly and with respect for the local environment

Physics-based scalable compact model for terminal charge, intrinsic capacitance and drain current in nanosheet FETs

This work presents a physics-based SPICE compatible model for Nanosheet FETs, which provides explicit expressions for the drain current, terminal charges and intrinsic capacitances. The drain current model is based on the drift-diffusion formalism for carrier transport. The terminal charge and intrinsic capacitance models are calculated by adopting the Ward–Dutton linear charge partition scheme that guarantees charge conservation. The model uses the novel bottom-up approach to calculate the terminal charges, uses very few empirical parameters and is accurate across device dimensions and bias conditions

Biomedical waste segregation and their management in urban area of Gorakhpur: A survey for long term approach

Biomedical waste (BMW) generated from medical centers have become a serious health threat worldwide including India. Unsegregated and insensitive disposal of BMW can become a source of spreading serious diseases not only for hepatitis, tuberculosis, HIV but also the recent pandemic of COVID-19 among their handlers and society. Our investigation was carried out to assess the waste handling, their segregation, disposal and treatment system of hospital BMW in the various medical institutes’ established in Gorakhpur city. The study was conducted in accordance with the questionnaire as per guidelines of “BMW Management Rules, 2016” amended in 2018. We have found that almost 27 Metric tons of BMW were generated monthly by seven hospitals; in which, medical centers with the name of BRDMC generated 164.7 followed by NSCBDH, GSGC, DWH, LCH, REH and MMNH produced 33.8, 29.9, 20.7, 10.3, 7.9 and 4.3 quintals of wastes, respectively. They also generated 20.74%, 35.78%, 9.8%, 32.3%, 12.7%, 41.3% and 28.6% per day hazardous wastes in the above sequence of hospitals in comparison to non-hazardous wastes. A yellow colour container waste (a potential source of infection) was higher among the hospitals of BRDMC, GSGC, DWH and MMNC; whereas, red colour containers wastes (recyclable contaminated waste) was higher among NSCBDH, LCH and REH, respectively. Our surveyed hospitals produce approximately 10-40% of hazardous wastes daily. Proper guidelines of segregation and treatment are an essential component for reducing the risk of BMW generated infections. Continuous training and fixing the responsibility of medical staffs are the key criteria's for reducing the chance of contamination and per unit BMW generation

Synthesis and characterization of novel Mg(OH)2/CdS heteronanostructures for sunlight induced degradation of phenolic pollutant

Mg(OH)2/CdS heteronanostructures have been successfully synthesized by a novel precipitation method and the synthesis involves three steps. The first step involves the synthesis of Mg (OH)2nanoparticles using homogeneous precipitation method. Then, surface-modifying agent citric acid was used to functionalise Mg (OH)2. Finally, the cadmium sulfide (CdS) shell was deposited on the surface modified Mg (OH)2by co-precipitation method. The Mg(OH)2/CdS heteronanostructures were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy. DRS results showed blue shift of CdS band gap absorption with respect to bulk CdS. XPS results showed evidence for the binding energies of Mg(OH)2, Cd and S. The Mg (OH)2/CdS heteronanostructures was explored as catalyst for sunlight induced photocatalytic degradation of β- naphthol pollutant. The batch of 0.2 mg/ mL of Mg (OH)2/CdS heteronanostructures maintained at pH 8.5 showed maximum photodegradation efficiency (75 ± 2.1 %). Higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency for Mg(OH)2/CdS heteronanostructures could be due to incorporation of CdS and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The reusability of the Mg (OH)2/CdS heteronanostructures was also tested, and they show stability for up to three cycles without loss of efficiency

Embryonic journey hurdled by jagged space: A case study of transparency and its impact on foreign direct investment in India

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has become a key part of national development strategies for many countries. They see such investments as strengthening domestic capital, productivity, and employment, all of which are crucial to jump-starting economic growth. While many highlight FDI’s positive effects, others blame FDI for "crowding out" domestic investment and lowering certain regulatory standards. While FDI’s impact depends on many conditions, well-developed and implemented policies can help maximize its gains. Transparency is another indispensable ingredient which warranties sustenance of high capital flows in an economy. Transparency, in order to be better scrutinized has to be analyzed from two perspectives. First aspect is analyzing set of government policies that increase the risk and uncertainty faced by foreign investors. Uncertainty stems from the presence of bribery and corruption, unstable economic policies, weak and poorly enforced property rights, and inefficient government institutions. High levels of non-transparency can greatly retard the amount of foreign investment that a country might otherwise expect. The second aspect of transparency that has been discussed is Transparency between sellers and buyers, that we call capital-market transparency; and transparency between managers and owners, that we call corporate-governance transparency

Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Tribhuvanakirti Rasa

Tribhuvanakirti Rasa is an important Kharaliya Rasayana. It is prepared by using Hingula (cinnabar), Tankana (borax), Vatsanabha (Aconitum), Trikatu (Sunthi, Maricha, Pippali), Pippalimoola in equal proportion. This mixture is to be subjected for 3 Bhavanas each with Tulsipatra, Adraka, Dhaturapatra, and then last with Nirgundipatra Swarasa.&nbsp; In the present study keeping the chief aim of elucidating pharmaceutical and physiochemical analysis of Tribhuvanakirti Rasa (TKR) are prepared adopting methods advocated in Rasamrutam/AFI.&nbsp; The study was carried out in 2 stages - purification of Raw materials (Ashodhita - Hingula, Tankana, Vatsanabha), and preparation of Tribhuvanakirti Rasa. Physiochemical parameters such as LOD (12%), Total ash (16%), acid-insoluble ash (1.6%), Alcohol-soluble extractive (10.4%), water- soluble extractive (37.6%), pH (8.20) and TLC revealed maximum 6 spot in short wave. TKR requires continuous Trituration, until it dry, 60 hour’s duration of repeated levigation was required Bhavana by 4 Swarasa (each 3 times). Total weight gain after preparation of TKR was 12%. The inference from this study may be used as reference standard in the further quality control and clinical researches.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp