Perbedaan Indeks Periodontal Dan Skor Pembesaran Gingiva Kelompok Pemakai Dan Bukan Pemakai Pesawat Ortodonti Cekat

Backgrounds: Using orthodontic fixed can form new plaque retention region, debris, and increase microbe activity due to difficulty of treating oral hygiene, which can cause periodontal tissue damage. Aim: To measure the difference of periodontal index and gingival enlargement score in orthodontic fixed and non-orthodontic appliances user. Methods: This research was using an analytical observational research with cross sectional approach. The sample is 54 students in SHS 3 Semarang that divided into 2 groups, 27 students who used fixed orthodontic and 27 students who didn't use fixed orthodontic. Measurement was using Periodontal Index from Russell and Gingival Enlargement Score from Silness-Loe. Results: Using Chi square test to analyze the characteristics of samples, it could be concluded that more women tend to participate in this research than men, 25 students (92,6%) in orthodontic fixed user and 21 students (77,8%) in non-orthodontic user. Using Mann-Whitney test, it could be concluded that median of periodontal index and gingival enlargement score in both of groups are 0. Mean of Periodontal Index and Gingival Enlargement Score are higher in orthodontic fixed appliances user, which are 0,07 and 0,22.Conclusions: There's no significant difference of Periodontal Index and Gingival Enlargement Score in orthodontic fixed and non-orthodontic appliances user because of good oral hygiene maintenance

Nutrient concentration of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L) varieties under influenced of salinity and irrigation frequency.

The responses of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench] varieties to salinity and irrigation frequency were studied from December 2008 to December 2009 at Universiti Putra Malaysia. Two salt tolerant varieties of forage sorghum, namely Speedfeed and KFS4, were grown under salinity levels of 0, 5, 10, 15 dS m-1 and irrigated when the leaf water potential reached -1(control),-1.5 and -2 MPa. Salinity and irrigation frequency significantly (P≤0.01) affected nutrient concentration of forage sorghum varieties tested. The factorial treatment combinations were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications.Sodium content decreased 7 and 17% among the irrigation frequency treatments of -1.5 and -2 MPa, respectively. Abrupt increases in Na contents were noticed at 5 and 10 dS m-1 salinity when Na accumulation increased 4 to 9 fold. Potassium diminished 29, 38 and 54% under 5, 10 and 15 dS m-1 salinity treatment respectively, and decreased 4 and 10% with increase in water stress to -1.5 and -2 MPa respectively. Accumulation of K+, Ca2+ and Mg+ in the shoots was strongly inhibited by salinity.Salinity substantially reduced plant growth as reflected by a decrease in the dry forage yields, and percent of mortality at high salinity levels. The maximum dry forage yields were 45.1, 38.9, and 38.5 g plant–1 for frequent, intermediate, and infrequent irrigation regimes, respectively. Based on salinity, the forage dry weight in control plants had the highest yield (44.09 g plant–1), while plants under the high salinity treatment gave the lowest yield (32.76 g plant–1)

Growth analysis of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L) varieties under varying salinity and irrigation frequency.

Growth of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] varieties was assessed under saline conditions (EC 0, 5, 10, 15 dS m-1) and irrigated when the leaf water potential reached -1(control),-1.5 and -2 MPa. The forage sorghum varieties namely Speedfeed and KFS4 were differed significantly for emergence, leaf area index, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Plants grown under water stress and saline conditions resulted in decreased leaf area which subsequently led to reduced plant growth. Infrequently watered sorghum plants had reduced dry mater, LAI, NAR and eventually dry matter yield. These reductions were higher when lower irrigation frequency was coupled with salinity. The highly significant declined was mostly at -2 MPa irrigation frequency. This indicates that irrigation at 2 weeks interval or till leaf water potential reaches to -1.5 MPa, is possible for forage sorghum

Off-Label Prescribing in Pediatric Inpatients With Pneumonia in a Children's Hospitaal

Off-label is a term used in which a  drug prescribed outside the official information of the marketing authorization.  Off-label prescribing may occur as the result of several factors including  lack of clinical trials data involving pediatrics and suitable formulations for medicines commonly prescribed to this fragile population. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the nature and prevalence of off-label prescribing in pediatric inpatients with pneumonia. Material and Methods: a retrospective study was conducted in a study hospital using medical records from pediatric inpatients with pneumonia during the period of January-December 2015. Patient and prescribing data were collected, and drugs were classified as on-label or off-label based on the Indonesia National Drug Information (IONI) and British National Formulary for Children (BNFC). Thereafter, off-label drugs were categorized with a hierarchical system of age, indication, route of administration and dosage. Results: There were 1141 drugs with 77 different types of drug were administered to 207 patient during the study period. The data uncovered that 405 (35,5%) of the drug prescriptions were used off-label based on IONI, and 319 (28%) of the drug were used off-label based on BNFC. Based on IONI and BNFC, most off-label drugs were from anti infection drugs. Conclusion: The prevalence of off-label use in pediatric inpatients with pneumonia is not high. The off-label prescribing may not be necessarily  be considered irrational, yet this fact reveals that the use of drugs does not comply with the drug label. Clinical trials for pediatric drugs are essential to provide  complete product information for pediatric use

Settlement reduction of dredged marine soils (DMS) admixed with cement & waste granular materials (WGM): 1-D compressibility study

Dredged marine soils (DMS) are considered as geo-waste and commonly disposed far into the sea. Environmental impacts raised from dredging such as turbidity and disturbance of marine ecosystem had increased the social demand to reuse DMS in engineering application. Typically, DMS have low shear strength and low bearing capacity. Hence, the DMS could be strengthened up by soil solidification. In present study, waste granular materials (WGM) such as coal bottom ash (BA) and palm oil clinker (POC) were utilized as additional binder to cement. The DMS were solidified with 3 series of admixtures; namely cement and/or WGM. The factor that influenced the compressibility of the soil sample such as percentages of admixtures were considered. Proportioned samples of 10, 15 and 20 % of cement, and/or 50 and 150 % of WGM of dry weight of DMS were subjected to one-dimensional oedometer test. The test samples were cured for 7 days in room temperature. Results show that cement- and WGM-admixed DMS have reduced the soil’s compressibility considerably than the untreated sample. As expected, the cemented soil had significantly reduced the settlement better than WGM-admixed soil. Hence, homogeneous samples of 15C50BA and 10C100POC produced almost similar reduction of compressibility as sample 20C. Therefore, reusing WGM as partial replacement of cement in DMS could provide beneficial reuse of these materials

Pengkajian Kualitas Sinyal dan Posisi Wifi Access Point dengan Metode Rssi di Gedung Kpa Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

Indoor positioning berbasis wifi access point digunakan untuk menentukan posisi pada perangkat mobile. Dengan menggunakan aplikasi wifi analyzer memungkinkan untuk melihat kualitas sinyal dari hampir semua perangkat yang kompetibel dengan jaringan wifi yang ada. Pada penelitian ini, kekuatan sinyal yang terpancar dari berbagai access point digunakan untuk melihat kualitas sinyal yang ada. Indoor pisitioning menggunakan metode pengukuran Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI). RSSI adalah pengukuran terhadap daya yang diterima oleh sebuah perangkat wireless. Pengukuran dilakukan berdasarkan kekuatan sinyal yang diterima. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keakurasian pengukuran dan perhitungan dengan menggunakan wireless. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, didapat kesimpulan bahwa dari hasil pengukuran dan hasil perhitungan tingkat error nilai RSSI rata-rata 4,37 dBm dari jarak sebenarnya (titik kumpul akses wifi terbanyak ke access point). Dengan tingkat akurasi jarak error rata-rata 1,98 m

The effect of Cosmos caudatus on plasma corticosterone level following a chronic repetitive forced swimming stress in rats

This study examines the effect of Cosmos caudatus on plasma corticosterone levels following a chronic repetitive forced swimming stress (FSS). Male Sprague-Dawley strains of rats weighing 90–120 g were used. The first group was the control, administered only with saline solution. Second and third groups received quercetin (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) respectively, while the fourth and fifth groups were treated with C. caudatus’s extract (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) respectively. The rats were subjected to FSS for 15 minutes daily. The tests revealed a significant reduction in plasma corticosterone level in all treated groups (except the second group) compared to the control. At the end of the experiment, the third, fourth and fifth groups had a reduction in plasma corticosterone level which were 153.950 nmol/l ± 2.98, 145.262 nmol/l ± 2.04, 134.488 nmol/l ± 2.70, respectively. The group treated with 200mg/kg of C. caudatus was most significant in reducing plasma corticosterone (p< 0.005). The present study suggests the ability of C. caudatus to reduce the plasma corticosterone level

Salinity effects on germination of forage sorghumes

Abstract: To investigate the effects of osmotic stress on forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) varieties at critical stage of seed germination, i.e., at which salinization is initiated. A study was conducted at the Seed Technology Laboratory at University of Putra Malaysia (UPM- lab.) from October to November 2007. Two forage sorghum varieties (Speedfeed and KFS4) were evaluated in the salinity levels of 0, 5, 10, 15 dS m-1. The experimental design was Completely Random Design (CRD), which was based on factorial with 3 replications. In the experiment, seeds were germinated in covered, sterilized, disposable Petri dishes. Three parameters, namely germination percentage, germination rate, germination index and coefficient velocity of germination were estimated. The results of this study showed that different levels of salinity had significantly affected the germination percentage, germination rate germination index. In addition, a significant difference (1%) was also found in the germination percentage between the two varieties. Meanwhile, the mean comparison of the treatments showed that the germination percentage in distilled water (S1) was the highest (92.5%) and salinity dS m-1 (S4) had the lowest germination percentage. The maximum germination rate (35.58) and germination index (391.67) were retrieved from EC 0 and with the increasing salinity, these parameters were decreased. The evaluation of the two varieties showed that KFS4 (V1) had a higher germination percentage (82.91%) than the speed feed (72.5%). Consequently, the seed germination of KFS4 was better than the speed feed (in salty water and non-stress conditions). In other words, salt stress had been found to delay germination of both varieties