A Simplified Finite Difference Method (SFDM) Solution via Tridiagonal Matrix Algorithm for MHD Radiating Nanofluid Flow over a Slippery Sheet Submerged in a Permeable Medium

In this paper, we turn our attention to the mathematical model to simulate steady, hydromagnetic, and radiating nanofluid flow past an exponentially stretching sheet. A numerical modeling technique, simplified finite difference method (SFDM), has been applied to the flow model that is based on partial differential equations (PDEs) which is converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using similarity variables. For the resultant algebraic system, the SFDM uses the tridiagonal matrix algorithm (TDMA) in computing the solution. The effectiveness of numerical scheme is verified by comparing it with solution from the literature. However, where reference solution is not available, one can compare its numerical results with the results of MATLAB built-in package bvp4c. The velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are graphed for a variety of parameters, i.e., Prandtl number, Grashof number, thermal radiation parameter, Darcy number, Eckert number, Lewis number, and Brownian and thermophoresis parameters. The significant effects of the associated emerging thermophysical parameters, i.e., skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood numbers are analyzed and discussed in detail. Numerical results are compared from the available literature and found a close agreement with each other. It is found that the Eckert number upsurges the velocity curve. However, the dimensionless temperature declines with the Grashof number. It is also shown that the SFDM gives good results when compared with the results obtained from bvp4c and results from the literature.publishedVersio

Meckel Gruber Syndrome: Second trimester diagnosis of a case in a non-consanguineous marriage

Meckel-Gruber Syndrome (MKS) is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder, incompatible with life. It is characterized by enlarged polycystic kidneys and post axial polydactyly. Foetal or neonatal death is caused by pulmonary hypoplasia. We report a case of a 35 year old woman who presented at 7 weeks of gestation of her sixth pregnancy. A transabdominal anomaly ultrasound performed for her current pregnancy at 18 weeks of gestation showed features consistent with MKS. The termination of pregnancy was declined and a live newborn female was delivered via an emergency caeserean section at 34 weeks of gestation due to previous history of lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) & leaking. Physical examination of the neonate confirmed the features of MKS. The neonate died within 4-5 hours of birth. This case represented a second trimester diagnosis of a recurrent case of MKS in a non-consanguineous marriage

A Rare Occurrence of Ectopic Parathyroid Carcinoma Presenting as a Case of Recurrent Fractures

Ectopic parathyroid tumors are uncommon, accounting for only 6% of parathyroid adenomas, and even fewer cases are attributed to parathyroid carcinomas. While ectopic parathyroid carcinoma in the anterior mediastinum is a rare condition, the occurrence of recurrent skeletal fractures in the presence of mild hypercalcemia is even rarer. In this report, we present the case of a 52-year-old man with a medical history of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and a previous right-sided intertrochanteric fracture of the femur one year earlier. He presented to the emergency room with left-sided hip pain and shortness of breath due to volume overload. Laboratory tests revealed mild hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism, with normal vitamin D levels. An X-ray showed a left neck of femur fracture. Further evaluation with a three-phase skeletal scintigraphy indicated the presence of metabolic bone disease. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest revealed a solitary soft tissue nodule in the anterior mediastinum, representing an ectopic parathyroid adenoma. The lesion was successfully removed using video-assisted thoracic surgery, and the histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma. The combination of mild hypercalcemia and recurrent fractures is an unusual presentation of ectopic parathyroid carcinoma, underscoring the importance of considering this condition as a potential cause in similar cases to ensure timely and appropriate treatment

Computational analysis of unsteady and steady magnetohydrodynamic radiating nano fluid flows past a slippery stretching sheet immersed in a permeable medium

publishedVersio

Policy analysis of girls’ primary school completion in rural Sindh: Root causes and policy recommendations using IIEP education policy toolbox

This report emerged from the policy analysis work produced as part of the course titled ‘Diagnostic tools for improving education policy planning’ by the IIEP-UNESCO with support from KIX. This course enabled us to explore diagnostic tools and their implications, specifically for developing countries, and helped the team unpack diagnostic tools and learn the history of their evolution. We further learned how the education management information system works and how data is essential for policy decisions. Finally, we engaged with real policy analysis using the IIEP Education Policy Toolbox. As a team, we chose to study the issue of girls’ completion of primary education in two districts of the Sindh province: Larkana and Dadu. Using the Policy Toolbox, we made a policy decision tree, gathered data that could help us understand each factor and then made policy decisions and forward policy recommendations

AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study

: High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNet® convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNet® model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery

Fault Tolerance in Distributed Systems

Modern datacenter applications need to provide resiliency to mask failures. These applications widely use techniques like Replicated State Machines to provide fault tolerance. Replicated State Machines typically rely on consensus protocols to provide availability and consistency. These applications also require high throughput and low latency from the underlying consensus protocols. Furthermore, in an effort to further reduce latency experienced by clients, we are seeing the emergence of edge computing; storage and computational resources are placed in between the clients and servers in datacenters (typically closer to the client). This placement provides many benefits: lower-latency responses to clients, lower bandwidth demands on the backbone and increased privacy. Stateful applications running on the edge pose a problem of losing state when an edge node fails. This dissertation looks at fault tolerance for datacenters and edge computing. First, RingWorld looks at datacenter fault tolerance for highly available lock services. RingWorld adapts ring-based consensus protocols to leverage programmable switches and datacenter topology. This allows RingWorld to provide higher throughput and comparable latency to existing lock services. Second, to provide fault tolerance for edge computing, CESSNA provides a mechanism to recover from edge failures for strongly stateful applications that ensures correctness and good performance. To do this, CESSNA defines the consistency guarantee for correctness in the face of edge failures, and recovers from failures by adapting techniques like log-replay

Is behaviourism really dead? a scoping review to document the presence of behaviourism in current medical education

Behaviourism is the underpinning learning theory of many teaching and assessment tools utilized to enhance the effectiveness of learning. Feedback, reinforcements, motivation, learning outcomes and objectives are few among many which are implied by the medical teachers while teaching both basic and clinical sciences to the students. The claim of Behaviourism being redundant or dead is not based on realities. Behaviourist approach is and will remain the most powerful theory to be implied in educational processes for gaining successful outcomes. Keywords: Behaviourism, Implications, Medical Education, dead, learning. Continuous..

COVID-19 encephalopathy: an unusual presentation with new-onset seizure causing convulsive status epilepticus

Although neurological manifestations such as headache and myalgias have been observed with COVID-19, presentation with more serious neurological illness is uncommon and rare. We report a case of a middle-aged woman who presented to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. Her clinical presentation was primarily neurological rather than the more common presentation with respiratory manifestations. She presented with generalised tonic-clonic seizures, along with history of undocumented low-grade fever and generalised body aches. The positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR nasal swab, the cerebrospinal fluid analysis (lymphocytic pleocytosis) and electroencephalogram were consistent with viral encephalitis; brain imaging was unremarkable. This case highlights the variable presenting features of COVID-19 infection as patients can primarily present with neurological manifestations in the absence of significant respiratory symptoms. We believe it is important to recognise neurological disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 in patients with asymptomatic respiratory infectio

A Simplified Finite Difference Method (SFDM) Solution via Tridiagonal Matrix Algorithm for MHD Radiating Nanofluid Flow over a Slippery Sheet Submerged in a Permeable Medium

In this paper, we turn our attention to the mathematical model to simulate steady, hydromagnetic, and radiating nanofluid flow past an exponentially stretching sheet. A numerical modeling technique, simplified finite difference method (SFDM), has been applied to the flow model that is based on partial differential equations (PDEs) which is converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using similarity variables. For the resultant algebraic system, the SFDM uses the tridiagonal matrix algorithm (TDMA) in computing the solution. The effectiveness of numerical scheme is verified by comparing it with solution from the literature. However, where reference solution is not available, one can compare its numerical results with the results of MATLAB built-in package bvp4c. The velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are graphed for a variety of parameters, i.e., Prandtl number, Grashof number, thermal radiation parameter, Darcy number, Eckert number, Lewis number, and Brownian and thermophoresis parameters. The significant effects of the associated emerging thermophysical parameters, i.e., skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood numbers are analyzed and discussed in detail. Numerical results are compared from the available literature and found a close agreement with each other. It is found that the Eckert number upsurges the velocity curve. However, the dimensionless temperature declines with the Grashof number. It is also shown that the SFDM gives good results when compared with the results obtained from bvp4c and results from the literature