18 research outputs found
進行・再発がん患者の「終末期についての話し合い(end−of−life discussion : EOLd)」に関する意向調査
学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : (主査)東京大学教授 黒川 峰夫, 東京大学准教授 瀧本 禎之, 東京大学准教授 住谷 昌彦, 東京大学講師 孫 大輔, 東京大学講師 山口 泰弘University of Tokyo(東京大学
Low HER2 expression is a predictor of poor prognosis in stage I triple-negative breast cancer
IntroductionTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is negative for hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). In stage I TNBC, adjuvant therapy or follow-up are performed according to risk factors, but clinical trial data is scarce. In recent years, it has been reported that HER2-low cases (1+/2+ and in situ hybridization negative) have different prognoses than HER2-0 cases. However, the risk of recurrence and risk factors in this HER2-low population for stage I TNBC have not yet been investigated.MethodsHerein, out of 174 patients with TNBC who underwent surgery from June 2004 to December 2009 at the National Cancer Center Hospital (Tokyo), we retrospectively examined 42 cases diagnosed as T1N0M0 TNBC after excluding those treated with preoperative chemotherapy.ResultsAll patients were female, the median age was 60.5 years, and 11 cases were HER2-low and 31 cases were HER2-0. The median follow-up period was 121 months. Postoperative adjuvant therapy was administered in 30 patients and recurrence occurred in 8 patients. HER2-low cases showed a significantly shorter disease-free survival (HR: 7.0; 95% CI: 1.2– 40.2; P=0.0016) and a trend towards shorter overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–31.4) compared with that of HER2-0 cases. HER2 was also identified as a factor for poor prognosis from the point- estimated values in univariate and multivariate analyses after confirming that there was no correlation between the other factors.ConclusionFor patients with stage I TNBC, the HER2-low population had a significantly worse prognosis than the HER2-0 population
The Ionomic Study of Vegetable Crops
Soil contains various essential and nonessential elements, all of which can be absorbed by plants. Plant ionomics is the study of the accumulation of these elements (the ionome) in plants. The ionomic profile of a plant is affected by various factors, including species, variety, organ, and environment. In this study, we cultivated various vegetable crop species and cultivars under the same field conditions and analyzed the level of accumulation of each element in the edible and nonedible parts using ionomic techniques. The concentration of each element in the edible parts differed between species, which could be partly explained by differences in the types of edible organs (root, leaf, seed, and fruit). For example, the calcium concentration was lower in seeds and fruit than in other organs because of the higher dependency of calcium accumulation on xylem transfer. The concentration of several essential microelements and nonessential elements in the edible parts also varied greatly between cultivars of the same species, knowledge of which will help in the breeding of vegetables that are biofortified or contain lower concentrations of toxic elements. Comparison of the ionomes of the fruit and leaves of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and eggplant (S. melongena) indicated that cadmium and boron had higher levels of accumulation in eggplant fruit, likely because of their effective transport in the phloem. We also found that homologous elements that have been reported to share the same uptake/transport system often showed significant correlation only in a few families and that the slopes of these relationships differed between families. Therefore, these differences in the characteristics of mineral accumulation are likely to affect the ionomic profiles of different families
Distribution of Minerals in Young and Mature Leaves of Different Leaf Vegetable Crops Cultivated in a Field
At least 17 elements are known to be essential for plants; however, plants also absorb and accumulate various nonessential elements. Plants re-translocate different elements, including essential and nonessential elements, with differing efficiencies from mature to young developing organs via the phloem transport, resulting in different distributions of minerals in these organs. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the concentrations of 23 elements in young and mature leaves of different leaf vegetable crops to comprehensively understand the mineral dynamics in plants. The allocation profiles of minerals in leaves of varying ages differed among species. For example, a higher molybdenum allocation profile was observed in young crown daisy (Glebionis coronaria) leaves, which might be related to the efficient nitrate assimilation in young leaves of this species. Thus, this study provides a new insight into the mineral uptake and transport mechanisms in plants.</p
Boxplots showing the concentration of Cu, Mo, Ni, Li, Na, Al, V, and Cr in leaves of various crop species.
<p>Concentrations in nonedible leaves are also shown. Numbers in x-axis indicate the species number in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0160273#pone.0160273.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p
Boxplots showing the concentration of K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, B, and Zn in non-leaf edible parts of various crop species.
<p>Numbers in x-axis indicate the species number in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0160273#pone.0160273.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p
Boxplots showing the concentration of Co, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Cd, Cs, and Ba in non-leaf edible parts of various crop species.
<p>Numbers in x-axis indicate the species number in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0160273#pone.0160273.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p