Manager's leadership styles correlation with manager's personal values

Pētījuma mērķis bija noskaidrot vai pastāv statistiski nozīmīgas sakarības starp vadītāju līderības stiliem un vadītāju personīgām vērtībām. Šajā pētījumā tika izvirzītas trīs pētījuma hipotēzes: H1 Pastāv pozitīva korelācija vadītājiem starp transformatīvo līderības stilu un vērtībām, kas atrodas uz paštrancendences un atvērtības pārmaiņām dimensijas. H2 Pastāv pozitīva korelācija vadītājiem starp transaktīvo līderības stilu un vērtībām, kas atrodas uz sevis stiprināšanas dimensijas. H3 Pastāv negatīva korelācija vadītājiem starp pasīvi izvairīgo vadību jeb līderības trūkumu un tādām vērtībām kā labvēlība, stimulācija un sasniegumi. Pētījumā tika izmantoti divi instrumentāriji: Daudzfaktoru Līderības aptauja (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5x- Short Form (MLQ 5x- Short Form )) un Š.Švarca vērtību aptauja (Schwartz Value Survey, (SVS)). Daudzfaktoru Līderības aptauju izstrādājuši Bass un Avolio (Avolio & Bass, 2004), Latvijā to ir adaptējusi S.Landratova (Landratova, 2006). Š.Švarca vērtību aptauju izstrādāja Š. Švarcs (Schwartz Value Survey, (SVS)) (Schwartz, 1992) un 2002. gadā latviešu valodā adaptēja I.Austers (Austers, 2002). Pētījumā piedalījās 53 dalībnieki vecumā no 23 līdz 45 gadiem. Visi pētījuma dalībnieki bija pirmā līmeņa vadītāji organizācijās vai uzņēmumos. Šī pētījuma ietvaros no trim izvirzītajām hipotēzēm H1 – apstiprinājās (papildus ir novērojama pozitīva korelācija starp transformatīvo līderības stilu un tādām vērtībām kā sasniegumi, vara, drošība, konformitāte, tradīcijas) H2 – apstiprinājās daļēji (novērojama pozitīva korelācija starp transaktīvo līderības stilu un tādām vērtībām kā varu, stimulāciju, konformitāti un drošību), H3 - neapstiprinājās. Rezultāti norāda uz to, ka, jo augstāki rezultāti tiek iegūti transformatīvā līderībā, jo augstāki rezultāti tiks uzrādīti tajās vērtībās, kas atrodas uz atvērtības pārmaiņām, sevis stiprināšanas, norobežošanās un paštranscendences dimensijas. Savukārt, jo augstāki rezultāti tiks iegūti transaktīvā līderībā, jo augstāki rezultāti tiks uzrādīti tādās vērtībās kā konformitāte, drošība, vara un stimulācija, kas atrodas uz norobežošanās un sevis stiprināšanas dimensijas.The aim of this study was to examine the statistically significant correlations between manager’s leadership styles and manager’s personal values. There were suggested three hypotheses regarding this research: H1 There is a positive correlation between manager’s transformational leadership style and values, which are on dimensions of self – transcendent and openness to change. H2 There is a positive correlation between manager’s transactional leadership style and values, which are on dimension of self –enhancement. H3 There is a negative correlation between manager’s non leadership style and such values as benevolence, stimulation and achievement. There were used two instrumentations in this research: Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5x- Short Form (MLQ 5x- Short Form ) and Schwartz Value Survey, (SVS). Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire was designed by Bass and Avolio (Avolio & Bass, 2004), and it was adapted in Latvia by S.Landratova in 2006 (Landratova, 2006). Schwartz Value Survey was designed by S.Schwartz in1992, and it was adapted in Latvia by I.Austers in 2002 (Austers, 2002). In this research participated 53 respondents at age from 23 to 45 years old. The all respondents were the first level managers in the organizations or enterprises. In this research of three aforementioned hypotheses, H1 – confirmed (in addition there is a positive correlation between transformational leadership and such values as achievement, power, security, conformity and tradition), H2 – confirmed partly (there is a positive correlation between transactional leadership style and such values as power, stimulation, conformity and security), H3 – did not confirmed. Results have showed, that the higher results is shown in transformational leadership style, the higher results will be shown in those values which are based on dimensions of openness to change, conservation, self-enhancement and self-transcendence. Regarding transactional leadership – the higher results is shown in transactional leadership style the higher results will be shown in such values as conformity, security, power and stimulation, which are based on dimensions of self- enhancement and conservation

Life-table representations of family dynamics in the 21st century

BACKGROUND A key resource for cross-national comparative research on family dynamics (Andersson and Philipov 2002) is seriously outdated. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We provide an update of the life-table estimates by Andersson and Philipov (2002) based on data from the Generations and Gender Surveys and other related surveys in 18 countries across Europe and the United States. RESULTS Life-table estimates of family formation of women and men, union dynamics, and children’s experience of family disruption and family formation demonstrate the degree of variation in family dynamics across countries. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide the basis for more in-depth research on the causes and consequences of differences in family dynamics across contexts. CONTRIBUTION The Appendix of the current manuscript is a new resource for comparative research on family dynamics in the early 21st century

The structure of health in Europe : The relationships between morbidity, functional limitation, and subjective health

The main objective of this study is to explore the relationships between the three commonly used proxies of health, morbidity, functional limitation, and subjective health, using the most recent data from 18 European countries. The existing studies on the topic are outdated, limited to the United States and to elderly population. Data on 32,679 respondents of the European Social Survey (2014) were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results suggest that (a) morbidity and functional limitation lead to poorer self-rated health, and (b) morbidity increases the probability of reporting functional limitation(s). Moreover, functional limitation mediates the relationship between morbidity and self-rated health. The model as a whole holds across both genders and all age groups. However, specific tests (SEM multi-group analyses, t-tests) show differences in the health structure between all seven subsamples compared with each other. When both gender and age are taken into account the differences in the structure of health seem to diminish, apart from the elderly, suggesting that the health structure of the elderly differs from others. It is recommended for policy planners to acknowledge the group differences when shaping the policies and health services