Benestar i rendiment laboral en empleats d'oficines : el rol dels patrons de treball

L’objectiu d’aquest treball és posar de manifest la importància d’estudiar els patrons de treball que tenen en compte les diferents activitats que els empleats en oficines duen a terme al seu lloc de treball i, per tant, contribuir a un disseny més adequat del context i/o contingut i a assegurar unes condicions més adequades, per a un bon rendiment

Detecció d'antibiòtics en el vacú lleter

Treball presentat a l'assignatura de Deontologia i Veterinària Legal (21223

Las características del puesto de trabajo como antecedentes del bienestar y el rendimiento laboral. El rol modulador de los patrones de trabajo

Work in offices covers a large part of the working life, as offices are the place where more than half of the world#s population spends more than 90% of their working hours. Adequate workspaces help to increase the productivity and satisfaction of their occupants, as well as their heath, well-being, and quality of working life. However, work in offices can include different types of activities. In the present doctoral thesis the concept of work patterns is used to refer to #different configurations of work activities considering the dimensions of task complexity and the interaction with other people at work. The general objective of this doctoral thesis is to study the relationship between the physical context of the office, and the well-being and performance of the employees who work in them. Furthermore, it analyzes the moderating role of work patterns in these relationships. To this end, 5 research studies were designed that covered this objective. First, a theoretical conceptualization article that highlights the need to study work patterns in organizational psychology. Second, a cross-sectional study with more than 1000 participants that allows to test the relationship between the perception of physical stressors and one of the main indicators of work performance (ie, absenteeism), in different work patterns. The third study has a diary design that allows a more in-depth analysis of the relationship between the perception of physical stressors and work performance, using multilevel and multigroup structural equation models (ie, patterns of work). The fourth study tests, also from a multilevel approach, the moderating role of (mis)fit between work patterns and type of office, in the relationship between different types of well-being and work performance. Finally, the fifth study is oriented to a more detailed analysis of one of the relationships found in the previous study: the relationship between flow and work performance. To do this, latent growth curve models has been used. These models allow the study of dynamic relationships between variables. The results of this thesis allow us to conclude that organizations have to offer optimal office spaces (in terms of environmental conditions and office type). Spaces must be constructed and (re) organized taking into account the needs of the workers (in terms of their work patterns), thus facilitating the increase of their well-being, and the achievement of good levels of sustainable well-being and work performance over time

Demuxafy: improvement in droplet assignment by integrating multiple single-cell demultiplexing and doublet detection methods

Recent innovations in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) provide the technology to investigate biological questions at cellular resolution. Pooling cells from multiple individuals has become a common strategy, and droplets can subsequently be assigned to a specific individual by leveraging their inherent genetic differences. An implicit challenge with scRNA-seq is the occurrence of doublets—droplets containing two or more cells. We develop Demuxafy, a framework to enhance donor assignment and doublet removal through the consensus intersection of multiple demultiplexing and doublet detecting methods. Demuxafy significantly improves droplet assignment by separating singlets from doublets and classifying the correct individual.This work was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Investigator grant (1175781), and funding from the Goodridge foundation. J.E.P is also supported by a fellowship from the Fok Foundation.Peer Reviewed"Article signat per 13 autors/es: Drew Neavin, Anne Senabouth, Himanshi Arora, Jimmy Tsz Hang Lee, Aida Ripoll-Cladellas, sc-eQTLGen Consortium, Lude Franke, Shyam Prabhakar, Chun Jimmie Ye, Davis J. McCarthy, Marta Melé, Martin Hemberg & Joseph E. Powel"Postprint (published version

Antibody signatures against viruses and microbiome reflect past and chronic exposures and associate with aging and inflammation

Encounters with pathogens and other molecules can imprint long-lasting effects on our immune system, influencing future physiological outcomes. Given the wide range of microbes to which humans are exposed, their collective impact on health is not fully understood. To explore relations between exposures and biological aging and inflammation, we profiled an antibody-binding repertoire against 2,815 microbial, viral, and environmental peptides in a population cohort of 1,443 participants. Utilizing antibody-binding as a proxy for past exposures, we investigated their impact on biological aging, cell composition, and inflammation. Immune response against cytomegalovirus (CMV), rhinovirus, and gut bacteria relates with telomere length. Single-cell expression measurements identified an effect of CMV infection on the transcriptional landscape of subpopulations of CD8 and CD4 T-cells. This examination of the relationship between microbial exposures and biological aging and inflammation highlights a role for chronic infections (CMV and Epstein-Barr virus) and common pathogens (rhinoviruses and adenovirus C).Peer Reviewed"Article signat per 16 autors/es: Sergio Andreu-Sánchez, Aida Ripoll-Cladellas, Anna Culinscaia, Ozlem Bulut, Arno R. Bourgonje, Mihai G. Netea, Peter Lansdorp,Geraldine Aubert, Marc Jan Bonder, Lude Franke, Thomas Vogl, Monique G.P. van der Wijst, Marta Melé, Debbie Van Baarle, Jingyuan Fu , Alexandra Zhernakova"Postprint (published version

Genetic, parental and lifestyle factors influence telomere length

The average length of telomere repeats (TL) declines with age and is considered to be a marker of biological ageing. Here, we measured TL in six blood cell types from 1046 individuals using the clinically validated Flow-FISH method. We identified remarkable cell-type-specific variations in TL. Host genetics, environmental, parental and intrinsic factors such as sex, parental age, and smoking are associated to variations in TL. By analysing the genome-wide methylation patterns, we identified that the association of maternal, but not paternal, age to TL is mediated by epigenetics. Single-cell RNA-sequencing data for 62 participants revealed differential gene expression in T-cells. Genes negatively associated with TL were enriched for pathways related to translation and nonsense-mediated decay. Altogether, this study addresses cell-type-specific differences in telomere biology and its relation to cell-type-specific gene expression and highlights how perinatal factors play a role in determining TL, on top of genetics and lifestyle.We thank J. Dekens for management, A. Maatman and M. Platteel for technical support and K. Mc Intyre for English editing. This project was funded by the BBMRI grant for measuring telomere length and by a Rosalind Franklin Fellowship to A.Z. The researchers participated in this project are supported by Netherlands Heart Foundation (IN-CONTROL CVON grants 2012-03 and 2018-27); the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Gravitation Netherlands Organ-on-Chip Initiative to J.F. and C.W.; NWO Gravitation Exposome-NL (024.004.017) to J.F., A.K. and A.Z.; NWO-VIDI (864.13.013) and NWO-VICI (VI.C.202.022) to J.F.; NWO-VIDI (016.178.056) to A.Z.; NWO-VIDI (917.14.374) to L.F.; NWO-VENI (194.006) to D.V.Z.; NWO-VENI (192.029) to M.W.; NWO Spinoza Prize SPI 92–266 to C.W.; the European Research Council (ERC) (FP7/2007–2013/ERC Advanced Grant 2012-322698) to C.W.; ERC Starting grant 637640 to L.F.; ERC Starting Grant 715772 to A.Z.; ERC Consolidator Grant (grant agreement No. 101001678) to J.F.; and RuG Investment Agenda Grant Personalized Health to C.W. MM work is supported by RYC- 2017-22249 and PID2019-107937GA-I00 grants. T.S. holds scholarships from the Junior Scientific Masterclass, University of Groningen[grant no. 17–34]. AR is funded by a Formación Personal Investigador (FPI) grant [grant no. PRE2019-090193]. The Lifelines Biobank initiative has been made possible by a subsidy from the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport; the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs; the University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG, the Netherlands); the University of Groningen and the Northern Provinces of the Netherlands. The authors wish to acknowledge the services of the Lifelines Cohort Study, the contributing research centres delivering data to Lifelines and all the study participants. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the Genomics Coordination Centre (GCC) at the University Medical College Groningen for the HPC support and the MOLGENIS team for the cloud storage of the data associated with this work.Peer Reviewed"Article signat per 16 autors/es: Sergio Andreu-Sánchez, Geraldine Aubert, Aida Ripoll-Cladellas, Sandra Henkelman, Daria V. Zhernakova, Trishla Sinha, Alexander Kurilshikov, Maria Carmen Cenit, Marc Jan Bonder, Lude Franke, Cisca Wijmenga, Jingyuan Fu, Monique G. P. van der Wijst, Marta Melé, Peter Lansdorp & Alexandra Zhernakova"Postprint (published version

Encuentros y desencuentros: lo asombroso de la educación

Education has always been a center for reflection, discussion, research and developmental processes. It has also been a center for the constant search for perfection, which through successes and failures, agreements and misunderstandings has always had the intention of building a more rational human being. This article presents and overview of education in Colombia and is presented in three sections. The first section shows a historical overview of education in Colombia and develops inferences that illustrates how the current education system is marked by the historical context itself. The second section relates to discussions on the evolution of the concept of education throughout history, in order to substantiate the third section, which outlines some final reflections regarding the current educational context and proposes some ways to contribute to the educational ideals of the country.La educación ha sido siempre centro de reflexiones, de discusiones, de investigaciones, de procesos de desarrollo e, incluso, de búsquedas constantes de perfecciones, en las que, a través de aciertos y desaciertos, de encuentros y desencuentros, se ha tenido siempre la pretensión de forjar un ser humano más racional. Este artículo revisa la educación en Colombia y se presenta en tres apartados. El primero registra un recorrido histórico sobre la educación en Colombia y desarrolla premisas que demuestran cómo el sistema educativo actual está marcado por este mismo contexto histórico. El segundo aborda discusiones sobre la evolución del concepto de educación, a través de la historia, con miras a fundamentar el tercer apartado, el cual, esboza unas reflexiones finales, en relación con el contexto educativo en la actualidad y propone algunos caminos a seguir, que contribuyen a los ideales educativos del país

Agreement of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and amyloid-PET in a multicenter study

Core Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have shown incomplete agreement with amyloid-positron emission tomography (PET). Our goal was to analyze the agreement between AD CSF biomarkers and amyloid-PET in a multicenter study. Retrospective multicenter study (5 centers). Participants who underwent both CSF biomarkers and amyloid-PET scan within 18 months were included. Clinical diagnoses were made according to latest diagnostic criteria by the attending clinicians. CSF Amyloid Beta (Aβ, A), phosphorliated tau 181 (pTau181, T) and total tau (tTau, N) biomarkers were considered normal (−) or abnormal (+) according to cutoffs of each center. Amyloid-PET was visually classified as positive/negative. Agreement between CSF biomarkers and amyloid-PET was analyzed by overall percent agreement (OPA). 236 participants were included (mean age 67.9 years (SD 9.1), MMSE score 24.5 (SD 4.1)). Diagnoses were mild cognitive impairment or dementia due to AD (49%), Lewy body dementia (22%), frontotemporal dementia (10%) and others (19%). Mean time between tests was 5.1 months (SD 4.1). OPA between single CSF biomarkers and amyloid-PET was 74% for , 75% for pTau181, 73% for tTau. The use of biomarker ratios improved OPA: 87% for Aβ/Aβ (n = 155), 88% for pTau181/Aβ (n = 94) and 82% for tTau/Aβ (n = 160). A + T + N + cases showed the highest agreement between CSF biomarkers and amyloid-PET (96%), followed by A-T-N- cases (89%). Aβ/Aβ was a better marker of cerebral amyloid deposition, as identified by amyloid tracers, than Aβ alone. Combined biomarkers in CSF predicted amyloid-PET result better than single biomarkers

The landscape of expression and alternative splicing variation across human traits

Understanding the consequences of individual transcriptome variation is fundamental to deciphering human biology and disease. We implement a statistical framework to quantify the contributions of 21 individual traits as drivers of gene expression and alternative splicing variation across 46 human tissues and 781 individuals from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project. We demonstrate that ancestry, sex, age, and BMI make additive and tissue-specific contributions to expression variability, whereas interactions are rare. Variation in splicing is dominated by ancestry and is under genetic control in most tissues, with ribosomal proteins showing a strong enrichment of tissue-shared splicing events. Our analyses reveal a systemic contribution of types 1 and 2 diabetes to tissue transcriptome variation with the strongest signal in the nerve, where histopathology image analysis identifies novel genes related to diabetic neuropathy. Our multi-tissue and multi-trait approach provides an extensive characterization of the main drivers of human transcriptome variation in health and disease.This study was funded by the HumTranscriptom project with reference PID2019-107937GA-I00. R.G.-P. was supported by a Juan de la Cierva fellowship (FJC2020-044119-I) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ‘‘European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR.’’ J.M.R. was supported by a predoctoral fellowship from ‘‘la Caixa’’ Foundation (ID 100010434) with code LCF/BQ/DR22/11950022. A.R.-C. was supported by a Formación Personal Investigador (FPI) fellowship (PRE2019-090193) funded by MCIN/AEI. R.C.-G. was supported by an FPI fellowship (PRE2020-092510) funded by MCIN/AEI. M.M. was supported by a Ramon y Cajal fellowship (RYC-2017-22249).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Agreement of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and amyloid-PET in a multicenter study

Core Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have shown incomplete agreement with amyloid-positron emission tomography (PET). Our goal was to analyze the agreement between AD CSF biomarkers and amyloid-PET in a multicenter study. Retrospective multicenter study (5 centers). Participants who underwent both CSF biomarkers and amyloid-PET scan within 18 months were included. Clinical diagnoses were made according to latest diagnostic criteria by the attending clinicians. CSF Amyloid Beta1-42 (Aβ1-42, A), phosphorliated tau 181 (pTau181, T) and total tau (tTau, N) biomarkers were considered normal (-) or abnormal ( +) according to cutoffs of each center. Amyloid-PET was visually classified as positive/negative. Agreement between CSF biomarkers and amyloid-PET was analyzed by overall percent agreement (OPA). 236 participants were included (mean age 67.9 years (SD 9.1), MMSE score 24.5 (SD 4.1)). Diagnoses were mild cognitive impairment or dementia due to AD (49%), Lewy body dementia (22%), frontotemporal dementia (10%) and others (19%). Mean time between tests was 5.1 months (SD 4.1). OPA between single CSF biomarkers and amyloid-PET was 74% for Aβ1-42, 75% for pTau181, 73% for tTau. The use of biomarker ratios improved OPA: 87% for Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 (n = 155), 88% for pTau181/Aβ1-42 (n = 94) and 82% for tTau/Aβ1-42 (n = 160). A + T + N + cases showed the highest agreement between CSF biomarkers and amyloid-PET (96%), followed by A-T-N- cases (89%). Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 was a better marker of cerebral amyloid deposition, as identified by amyloid tracers, than Aβ1-42 alone. Combined biomarkers in CSF predicted amyloid-PET result better than single biomarkers