3,290 research outputs found
Anisotropic magnetic responses of topological crystalline superconductors
Majorana Kramers pairs emerged on surfaces of time-reversal-invariant
topological crystalline superconductors show the Ising anisotropy to an applied
magnetic field. We clarify that crystalline symmetry uniquely determines the
direction of the Majorana Ising spin for given irreducible representations of
pair potential, deriving constraints to topological invariants. Besides,
necessary conditions for nontrivial topological invariants protected by the
n-fold rotational symmetry are shown.Comment: Special Issue Topological Crystalline Insulators: Current Progress
and Prospect
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ç·ççµã³ã€ããçããããèŠå ãšãªãå¯èœæ§ã瀺ããããç·æ§ãžã®åœ±é¿ã¯æ€èšã®äœå°ãããããæ¥åžžçã«ç«ããªã§ãããšã¯äººãšç«ã®å奜çãªé¢ä¿æ§ç¯ã«æçšã§ãããšèå¯ãããVarious studies have revealed the relationship between human and animal have physiological, psychological and social benefits in humans. It is thought that benefits from companion animals come from daily interaction between owners and animals. Appropriate socialization and positive experiences and physical contacts with human are thought to be the basis of human-animal relationship, and contribute to build human-animal emotional bond. As compared to dogs with high sociality, cats have impression of solitary, freewheeling, and unsociable animals. However, recent studies show that cats have sociability with human. For example, cats prefer adult humans because adult wait for the proximity from cat unlike child who actively approach and/or chase cats. Many adopters of cat from shelters gave the reason that friendliness and playfulness are very important factor to select cat to adopt. These results indicate that reciprocal interaction affects the relationship between human and cat. In addition, physiological and behavioral analyze of both human and cat on the interaction situation are important for forming better relationship between human and cat. The aim of this study was to clarify the physiological effects of daily interaction between human and cat on both side, especially focusing on stroking cat.Chapter 1 Survey of the way of daily interaction between human and catAttachment is an essential component of emotional bonds between infants and their caregivers and contributes the basis for the relationship between individuals. It was shown that people become highly attached to cats. In this chapter, it was examined how and which the way of daily interaction were related to the attachment between human and cat.Questionnaire surveys on the web were conducted for cat owners. Surveys composed of four parts; (1) 17 items of basic information about cats including age and sex, (2) 21 items of information about the way of interaction with cat such as âyou talk to catâ or âyour cat approach to youâ, (3) 34 items of the ownerâs attachment to cat, and (4) 10 items of basic information about owner including age and sex.The number of valid responses was 602. The most common answers to the ways of interaction were âyou talk to the catâ (97%) and âyour cat like to be petted by youâ (90%). 61% of the owner accepted the cat\u27s request, and 14% of the owner interacted with the cat using command. The way of interaction of "you stroke your cat", "accept your cat\u27s request", "interaction time", "your cat stay near you", "interaction using command" was positively related to the ownerâs attachment to the cat.Chapter 2 Stress buffering effect of human by stroking catsPrevious studues showed that the interaction involving stroking pets have decreased blood pressure and heart rate of the owners. These effects, regarded as social buffering, suggested to reduce the risk factor of cardiac disease. In this chapter, we hypothesized that the interaction using âstrokeâ with cat have effects of reduction of human psychological stress, revealing stress buffering effects of stroking cats on humans.Eleven college students (8 males, 3 females, age 21.1 ± 0.3 yrs) without heart disease and allergy to cats were recruited. The procedure of the experiment is 20 minute rest before stress loading (pre), 5 minutes mental arithmetic (MA), 20 minute interaction with a cat, dog or no interaction (Int), 15 minutes rest (post). The order of the three interactions was random, all done on different days. Evaluation indices in humans were; salivary cortisol concentration, heart rate variability (HRV), psychological measure (POMS 2), duration and number of stroking cats or dogs: cats and dogs; HRV, duration of being stroked by the human subject. In the HRV analysis, RR interval (RRI) and time domain analysis, SDNN as an index of the entire autonomic nerve, and RMSSD as an indicator of parasympathetic activity, was calculated.RRI, SDNN, RMSSD significantly decreased at MA compared with pre, Int, and post. SDNN for 20 minutes of interaction became significantly smaller with interaction with cats than without interaction. There was no significant difference in the salivary cortisol concentration. The change in the vigor score of POMS 2 was significantly higher after interaction with cats and dogs compared to without interaction. RRI of cat was longer by being stroked. RRI, SDNN, and RMSSD of dog were significantly shorter by being stroked. There was a positive correlation between RMSSD of cat and duration of being stroked.Humanâs SDNN during interaction with cat was smaller than without interaction. There was no difference in RMSSD, suggesting no change in parasympathetic nervous activity, so sympathetic nerve activity might be suppressed by interaction with cats. Furthermore, vigor has increased in interaction with a cat and a dog, this means that interaction with cats or dogs might increase the person\u27s positive mood. Because catsâ RRI was decreased by being stroked, it was considered that the longer time cat is stroked by human, the more the cat might relax. Alternatively, more cat relaxes, the cats were more acceptable for being stroked by human. It was possible that stroking by human would mimic allogrooming among cats. On the other hand in dogs, the autonomic nervous system was activated by being stroked. It was thought that the dog was expecting interaction of play and command because of usual situation with the human subjects.Chapter 3 The emotional effect on human by stroking a catDuring stroking a cat, human look at the cat and may perceive relaxed condition of the cat. Therefore, it is expected that stroking a cat is accompanied by emotions such as "soft and pleasant". There is a possibility that stroking a cat may affect the center of humanâs emotions. Focusing on the lower frontal gyrus as a brain region regulating social emotions, the aim of this chapter was to clarify the influence of stroking a cat on the emotional center of human brain.30 students (10 males, 20 females, age 20.0 ± 1.6 yrs) were enrolled in Azabu University who are right-handed and do not have allergy to cat. The cat used the same cat as in Chapter 2. Near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) evaluated 16 blood flow rates in the forehead frontal lobe, a heart rate meter was also attached to the subject. Six contact tasks (putting hands on the back of a cat\u27s stuffed toy (TP), stroking a cat\u27s stuffed toy at a constant speed (SP), stroking a cat\u27s stuffed toy freely (FP), putting a hand on the back of a real cat (TC), stroking a real cat at a constant speed (SC), stroking real cats freely (FC)) was randomly performed. Emotion assessment was performed after each task, and heart rate data were used for heart rate variability analysis (RMSSD and SDNN to evaluate automatic nerve activity). As a result, the woman\u27s right lower frontal gyrus became more activated when they touched the real cat rather than the stuffed cat. Furthermore, the activity of the right lower frontal cortex of women was negatively correlated with human SDNN and the positive correlation with human RMSSD. In addition, the emotional value was higher when contact with the cat than the stuffed cat. The lower right frontal gyrus has been reported to be activated when looking at facial expressions and gestures, and there is a possibility that it was activated by contact with a cat. It was suggested that touching the cat and stroking the cat in women involved pleasant emotion and relaxation.ConclusionâStrokingâ is most common daily interaction between companion cat and their owner and involved with attachment of owner to their cat. âStrokingâ also result in positive emotion of owner and relaxation of cat. âStrokingâ might be one of important factors to build the emotional bond between human and cat.å士(åŠè¡)麻åžå€§
Exosomes in Cancer Diagnosis and Radiation Therapy
Exosomes are a subgroup of extracellular vesicles that are released by all types of cells, including tumor cells, and mediate intercellular communication via the transport of various intracellular components, including microRNAs, messenger RNAs, and proteins. Radiation produces reactive oxygen species and induces DNA double-strand break in cancer cells and normal cells. Cancer cells have severe damage and die by irradiation, but normal cells can keep proliferation with their high DNA repair ability. Irradiated cells generate communication signals and cause biological changes in neighboring or distant non-irradiated cells. This review outlines the role of exosomes in radiation therapy. In the tumor microenvironment, exosomes are considered to regulate cell survival, migration, and resistance to therapy by interacting with vascular endothelial cells and various types of immune cells. Nowadays, radiation therapy is typically combined with immunotherapy. Regulation of the activity of exosomes may overcome the problem of resistance to immunotherapy. Furthermore, exosomes can attenuate resistance to chemotherapy by transporting certain types of microRNA. The current evidence suggests that exosomes may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in the future
Enhanced superconducting transition temperatures in the rocksalt-type superconductors In1-xSnxTe (x <= 0.5)
We investigate superconductivity in In1-xSnxTe (x <= 0.5) synthesized at high pressures of up to 2 GPa and observe an enhancement of the superconducting transition temperature T-c for increasing tin concentration x. These compounds have not been accessible in rocksalt structure via conventional ambient pressure synthesis. While the lattice constant smoothly increases with x, T-c saturates around x = 0.4. Electronic structure calculations indicate that the Tc modulation is brought on by the change of the density of states in the vicinity of the Fermi energy [N(E-F)]. However, differences between the calculated N(E-F) and the observed electronic specific-heat coefficient indicate that the phonon dispersion plays an important role in the system and that the mechanism of superconductivity may not be the same in the entire doping range
Monotone traveling wavefronts of the KPP-Fisher delayed equation
In the early 2000's, Gourley (2000), Wu et al. (2001), Ashwin et al. (2002)
initiated the study of the positive wavefronts in the delayed
Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov-Fisher equation. Since then, this model has
become one of the most popular objects in the studies of traveling waves for
the monostable delayed reaction-diffusion equations. In this paper, we give a
complete solution to the problem of existence and uniqueness of monotone waves
in the KPP-Fisher equation. We show that each monotone traveling wave can be
found via an iteration procedure. The proposed approach is based on the use of
special monotone integral operators (which are different from the usual Wu-Zou
operator) and appropriate upper and lower solutions associated to them. The
analysis of the asymptotic expansions of the eventual traveling fronts at
infinity is another key ingredient of our approach.Comment: 25 pages, 2 figures, submitte
The Downregulation of the Expression of CD147 by Tumor Suppressor REIC/Dkk-3, and Its Implication in Human Prostate Cancer Cell Growth Inhibition
The cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), also known as EMMPRIN, is a key molecule that promotes cancer progression. We previously developed an adenoviral vector encoding a tumor suppressor REIC/Dkk-3 gene (Ad-REIC) for cancer gene therapy. The therapeutic effects are based on suppressing the growth of cancer cells, but, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully clarified. To elucidate this mechanism, we investigated the effects of Ad-REIC on the expression of CD147 in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Western blotting revealed that the expression of CD147 was significantly suppressed by Ad-REIC. Ad-REIC also suppressed the cell growth of LNCaP cells. Since other researchers have demonstrated that phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and c-Myc protein positively regulate the expression of CD147, we investigated the correlation between the CD147 level and the activation of MAPK and c-Myc expression. Unexpectedly, no positive correlation was observed between CD147 and its possible regulators, suggesting that another signaling pathway was involved in the downregulation of CD147. This is the first study to show the downregulation of CD147 by Ad-REIC in prostate cancer cells. At least some of the therapeutic effects of Ad-REIC may be due to the downregulation of the cancer-progression factor, CD147
Pharmacokinetics of a novel human intravenous immunoglobulin 10% in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases : analysis of a phase III, multicentre, prospective, open-label study
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