A nationwide study on parathyroid carcinoma

Background: Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is rare and diagnostically challenging. Reported outcomes are rather poor and the incidence might be increasing.Material and methods: We performed a nationwide study on all cases (n=32) diagnosed in 2000-2011 in Finland, and compared clinical and histopathological characteristics and outcome to atypical parathyroid (APA; n=28) and parathyroid adenomas (PA; n=72). The incidence in years 1955-1999 was compared to that in 2000-2013.Results: Preoperatively, calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations were higher in PC compared to APA and PA (1.76, 1.56 and 1.44mmol/l, pPeer reviewe

Inflammation status of healthy young men : initial and specific responses to resistance training

Our primary aim was to study the effects of a 4-week preparatory resistance-training (RT) period followed by 12 weeks of 2 specific RT protocols (either hypertrophic-strength (HS) or strength-hypertrophy-power training) on inflammation markers and the possible relationship of the changes in abdominal fat and lean mass to the changes in inflammation status. A total of 82 healthy men were included in the study. Maximal concentric leg press strength (1-repetition maximum), total body lean mass, total body and abdominal fat mass, circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and selected adipocytokines (resistin, adiponectin, and leptin) concentrations were measured before and after 4 (wk4) and 16 weeks (wk16) of RT. After the initial phase of RT, on wk4, abdominal and total fat mass as well as plasma leptin concentrations were significantly reduced (p < 0.05), whereas muscle mass, IL-1ra, resistin, and MCP-1 concentrations were significantly increased (p < 0.05). During specialized training phase, at wk16, only HS led to further reduction in abdominal and total fat mass, resistin, and leptin (p < 0.05), whereas both training modes led to lower MCP-1 concentrations (p < 0.05). Abdominal fat mass and circulating leptin were reduced already after 4 weeks of RT. Simultaneously, circulating MCP-1 and resistin concentrations increased, possibly as markers of muscle adaptation and regeneration. The present findings also suggest that RT with hypertrophic focus is beneficial for further reductions in abdominal fat mass and to decrease circulating inflammatory markers.peerReviewe

Resistance training status modifies inflammatory response to explosive and hypertrophic resistance exercise bouts

The purpose of the present study was to examine the immediate and prolonged immune response in circulating cytokine and adipocytokine concentrations after two different resistance exercise bouts: hypertrophic (HYP1, 5 × 10, 80% of 1RM) and maximal explosive (POW1, 10 × 5, 60% of 1RM) resistance exercise bouts and how 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) modifies these responses (HYP2, POW2). Eight men completed the study. RE-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), leptin, resistin, and adiponectin were measured before (PRE) and immediately (POST0), 24 (POST24) and 48 (POST48) hours after RE bouts before and after RT. In the untrained state, IL-6 increased immediately after RE in HYP1 (p = 0.002) and in POW1 (p = 0.003) whereas no changes were observed after RT. Similar results were observed in IL-1β, whereas conversely, IL-1ra increased only after RT in HYP2 and POW2 (p < 0.05). Resistin increased before RT in HYP1 and in POW1 (p = 0.011 and p = 0.003, respectively), but after RT, significant responses were not observed. Interestingly, in HYP2, MCP-1 increased significantly at POST24 (p = 0.009) and at POST48 (p = 0.032) only following RT. The present study shows that RT modifies RE-induced cytokine responses towards an anti-inflammatory direction.peerReviewe