The challenge of parenting girls in neighborhoods of different perceived quality

It is well-known that disadvantaged neighborhoods, as officially identified through census data, harbor higher numbers of delinquent individuals than advantaged neighborhoods. What is much less known is whether parents’ perception of the neighborhood problems predicts low parental engagement with their girls and, ultimately, how this is related to girls’ delinquency, including violence. This paper elucidates these issues by examining data from the Pittsburgh Girls Study, including parent-report of neighborhood problems and level of parental engagement and official records and girl-reported delinquency at ages 15, 16, and 17. Results showed higher stability over time for neighborhood problems and parental engagement than girls’ delinquency. Parents’ perception of their neighborhood affected the extent to which parents engaged in their girls’ lives, but low parental engagement did not predict girls being charged for offending at age 15, 16 or 17. These results were largely replicated for girls’ self-reported delinquency with the exception that low parental engagement at age 16 was predictive of the frequency of girls’ self-reported delinquency at age 17 as well. The results, because of their implications for screening and early interventions, are relevant to policy makers as well as practitioners

Kansaneläkkeen saajan indeksiturva ja tuloasema : Mikrosimuloinnin sovellus pitkävaikutteiseen ilmiöön

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Kiertotalous elektroniikkateollisuudessa

Tiivistelmä. Tämän kandidaatintyön tavoitteena oli perehtyä kiertotalouden soveltamismahdollisuuksiin elektroniikkateollisuudessa. Työssä pyrittiin selvittämään elektroniikkateollisuuden kiertotalouteen liitettyjä haasteita sekä toimenpiteitä, joilla kiertotaloutta voidaan toteuttaa. Työssä pyrittiin lisäksi selvittämään lainsäädännöllisiä keinoja elektroniikkateollisuuden kiertotalouden edistämiseksi Euroopan unionin tasolla. Kandidaatintyö toteutettiin kirjallisuuskatsauksena, joka on koottu aihepiiriin liittyvästä kirjallisuudesta ja sitä voidaan hyödyntää luomaan kokonaiskuvaa elektroniikan kiertotaloudesta. Työssä havaittiin, että kiertotalousmalli pyrkii säilyttämään tuotteet ja niihin sitoutuneen arvon kierrossa mahdollisimman pitkään. Keskeisenä haasteena kiertotalouden näkökulmasta tunnistettiin muun muassa elektroniikkalaitteiden lyhyet käyttöiät sekä elektroniikan kertyminen kotitalouksiin, jolloin niiden sisältämä arvo hukataan. Kiertotalouden toimenpiteiden painopisteenä tulisikin olla elektroniikkalaitteiden käyttöikien pidentäminen. Työssä käsitellyistä kiertotalouden toimenpiteistä tuotesuunnittelulla, uudelleenkäytöllä, korjaamisella, kunnostuksella sekä palveluihin perustuvilla liiketoimintamalleilla pyritään pidentämään laitteiden käyttöikää ja siten säilyttämään niihin sitoutunutta arvoa. Myös kierrätyksellä havaittiin olevan tärkeä rooli arvon säilyttämisessä. Kierrätyksen osalta ongelmana nähtiin joidenkin metallien talteenoton haasteet.Circular economy in the electronics industry. Abstract. The objective of this Bachelor’s thesis is to focus on the application opportunities of circular economy in the electronics industry. The thesis aimed to address the challenges associated with circular economy in the electronics industry as well as measures to implement it. The work also aimed to find out the legislative means of promoting the circular economy of the electronics industry at European Union level. This Bachelor’s thesis was carried out as a literature review which is compiled from literature related to the topic and can be utilized to create an overall picture of the circular economy of electronics industry. The thesis revealed that the circular economy model aims to maintain products and the value embedded to them in rotation for as long as possible. The short lifecycles of electronic devices and the loss of value embedded to devices as they accumulate to households was identified as a key challenge from a circular economy perspective. The focus of circular economy measures should be on extending the life of electronic equipment. Of the circular economy measures discussed in the thesis, product design, reuse, repair, refurbishment and service-based business models aim to extend the life of equipment and thus maintain the value embedded to them. Recycling was also found to play an important role in preserving value. When it comes to recycling the challenges of recovering some metals was identified as a problem

MinMax Radon Barcodes for Medical Image Retrieval

Content-based medical image retrieval can support diagnostic decisions by clinical experts. Examining similar images may provide clues to the expert to remove uncertainties in his/her final diagnosis. Beyond conventional feature descriptors, binary features in different ways have been recently proposed to encode the image content. A recent proposal is "Radon barcodes" that employ binarized Radon projections to tag/annotate medical images with content-based binary vectors, called barcodes. In this paper, MinMax Radon barcodes are introduced which are superior to "local thresholding" scheme suggested in the literature. Using IRMA dataset with 14,410 x-ray images from 193 different classes, the advantage of using MinMax Radon barcodes over \emph{thresholded} Radon barcodes are demonstrated. The retrieval error for direct search drops by more than 15\%. As well, SURF, as a well-established non-binary approach, and BRISK, as a recent binary method are examined to compare their results with MinMax Radon barcodes when retrieving images from IRMA dataset. The results demonstrate that MinMax Radon barcodes are faster and more accurate when applied on IRMA images.Comment: To appear in proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Visual Computing, December 12-14, 2016, Las Vegas, Nevada, US

Flynn et al. Respond

Comment on Work as an Inclusive Part of Population Health Inequities Research and Prevention. [Am J Public Health. 2018] New Horizons for Occupational Health Surveillance. [Am J Public Health. 2018

Development of the electroweak phase transition and baryogenesis

We investigate the evolution of the electroweak phase transition, using a one-Higgs effective potential that can be regarded as an approximation for the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. The phase transition occurs in a small interval around a temperature T_t below the critical one. We calculate this temperature as a function of the parameters of the potential and of a damping coefficient related to the viscosity of the plasma. The parameters that are relevant for baryogenesis, such as the velocity and thickness of the walls of bubbles and the value of the Higgs field inside them, change significantly in the range of temperatures where the first-order phase transition can occur. However, we find that in the likely interval for T_t there is no significant variation of these parameters. Furthermore, the temperature T_t is in general not far below the temperature at which bubbles begin to nucleate.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figures; typos corrected, reference adde

MiR-107 inhibits CDK6 expression, differentiation, and lipid storage in human adipocytes

MicroRNA-107 (miR-107) plays a regulatory role in obesity and insulin resistance, but the mechanisms of its function in adipocytes have not been elucidated in detail. Here we show that overexpression of miR-107 in pre- and mature human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes attenuates differentiation and lipid accumulation. Our results suggest that miR-107 controls adipocyte differentiation via CDK6 and Notch signaling. CDK6 is a validated target of miR-107 and was downregulated upon miR-107 overexpression. Notch3, a signaling receptor involved in adipocyte differentiation, has been shown to decrease upon CDK6 depletion; Here Notch3 and its target Hes1 were downregulated by miR-107 overexpression. In mature adipocytes, miR-107 induces a triglyceride storage defect by impairing glucose uptake and triglyceride synthesis. To conclude, our data suggests that miR-107 has distinct functional roles in preadipocytes and mature adipocytes; Its elevated expression at these different stages of adipocytes may on one hand dampen adipogenesis, and on the other, promote ectopic fatty acid accumulation and reduced glucose tolerance.Peer reviewe

Transport coefficients in the early universe

We calculate numerically the electrical conductivity $\sigma$, heat conductivity $\kappa$ and shear viscosity $\eta$ of the hot plasma present in the early universe for the temperature interval 1\MeV\lsim T\lsim 10\GeV. We use the Boltzmann collision equation to compute all the scattering matrix elements and regulate them by the thermal masses of the $t$- and $u$-channel particles. No leading order approximation is needed because of the numerical integration routines used.Comment: LaTeX, 24 pages, 7 ps figure