Eşcinsel İmgenin İnşası

The homosexuality represents a different character within the era, in which the society gained many opportunities due to free city-states in ancient Greece period.The relation between the Men was defined with religious belief and the male body reflected the ideal form in this age. As a result, this situation was accepted widely from art to philosophy.The relation during the ancient Greece what we call today as homosexuality, its religious connections and philosophical dimensions are represented via collage work.When we talk about the Ottoman Age, it's clear to see that the Ottomans constructed an understanding within an Islamic frame. However the multi-cultural situation of the Ottoman Empire in which we see many great historic civilizations, caused some direct or indirect effects on the Ottoman approach to the homosexuality.Antik Yunan döneminde Özgür Şehir Devletleri yapısının topluma kazanç sağladığı bir ortamda eşcinsellik farklı bir toplumsal nitelik kazanmıştır. Bu dönemde erkek bireyler arasındaki ilişkinin kökeninde dinsel inanışların yer alması ve erkeğin ideal formu ifade etmesi bu durumun toplumda, sanattan felsefeye kadar geniş bir anlamda kabul görmesini sağlamıştır. Antik Yunan döneminde, bizim bugün eşcinsellik olarak adlandırdığımız durumun kabul görme durumu, dini bağlantılar ve felsefi boyutu kolaj mantığında bir çalışma yoluyla ortaya konmuştur. Osmanlı döneminde eşcinselliğin algılanışına bakıldığında, Osmanlı nın, İslamiyet in etkileri çerçevesinde bir anlayış inşa ettiği görülür

Fransa'nın Kuzey ve Batı Afrika'da Uyguladığı İslam Siyaseti, Sultan Reşad'ın Yayınladığı Cihad Çağrısının Reddi Meselesi

Osmanlı devletinin 1. Dünya savaşına girmesinin ardından Enver Paşa kurmaylarından gizli olarak Osmanlı Genelkurmay ikinci reisi Alman subay Bronzart ile bir plan hazırladı. Plana göre Osmanlı resmen savaşa girdiğinde Osmanlı padişahı İtilaf devletlerine cihat ilan edecekti. Enver Paşa gazete haberleri ile bir kamuoyu oluşturmaya çalıştı. bu çağrı ile İngiltere, Rusya ve Fransa sömürgelerinde bulunan Müslümanların mevcut idareye itaati bırakarak Padişaha tabi olmaları bekleniyordu. Makalede Arapça olarak hazırlanan ve Fas'tan Hindistan'a kadar tüm Müslüman topluluklara ulaşacak şekilde dağıtılan çağrı ve Müslümanların bu çağrıya cevapları konu edilmiştir

Fransa'nın İslam Siyaseti, Sömürgecilikten Günümüze Fransız Camileri I

France colonized the largest amount of Muslim lands during the 19th and 20th centuries. In this process, a particular policy was followed to positively impress Muslims, both outside and inside France. This policy included opening mosques, particularly in Paris (Grande Mosquee de Paris) and certain colonies such as Senegal and Mali. Besides, Muslims, since then, have opened more than fifteen hundred mosques all over France relying on their own resources. Nevertheless, French goverment and municipalities of big cities like Strasbowg, Lyon and Marseille have financially contributed to the establishment of cathedral-like mosques that can house thousands of believers. which can be interpreted as a continuation of the colonial French policy lawards Islam. Despite the insignifıcant opposition by same French groups, this governmental support continues with the donations made by same Arab and other Muslim goverment

Use of Combined Non-Destructive Methods to Assess the Strength of Concrete in Structures

The standard and non-destructive tests were performed on totally 144 cubes and 24 beam specimens produced from different concrete mixtures. The results of the non-destructive tests carried out on beams were correlated with cube compressive strength values. The effects of aggregate’s type and its maximum size on the results of ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound hammer tests were investigated. Simple charts were obtained from the test results and the use of these charts for the quality control of concrete in structural elements cast by locally available materials was discussed. Strength estimations were made using five combined models proposed by various investigators. The estimated strength values were compared with experimental values

Use of Combined Non-Destructive Methods to Assess the Strength of Concrete in Structures

The standard and non-destructive tests were performed on totally 144 cubes and 24 beam specimens produced from different concrete mixtures. The results of the non-destructive tests carried out on beams were correlated with cube compressive strength values. The effects of aggregate’s type and its maximum size on the results of ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound hammer tests were investigated. Simple charts were obtained from the test results and the use of these charts for the quality control of concrete in structural elements cast by locally available materials was discussed. Strength estimations were made using five combined models proposed by various investigators. The estimated strength values were compared with experimental values

VECTOR CONSTRUCTION STRATEGIES FOR TRANSFORMATION OF WHEAT PLANT

Gene cloning and vector construction for plant genetic transformation are routine procedures in plant functional genomic studies. The availability of effective transformation vector is one of the pre-requisites for plant transformation studies. Here, we describe the construction of a series of transformation vectors through different genetic engineering techniques for wheat transformation. For this purpose, NAC-type transcription factor genes TaNAC69-1 and TtNAM-B2 were isolated from T. aestivum and T. turgidum, respectively. Then they were cloned into different types of cloning and expression vectors. Besides traditional restriction enzyme digestion and ligation method, Gateway cloning technology which is a fast and reliable alternative cloning method were used for construction of wheat transformation vectors. The transformation vectors constructed in this study are suitable for use in both particle bombardment (biolistic) and Agrobacterium based transformation protocols for wheat plant