Kurdish Alevism: Creating New Ways of Practicing the Religion

This paper will examine the transformation dynamics of social change in Kurdish Alevi communities, while mostly focusing on the increasing sociopolitical and religious role of talips. Until the end of the 20th century, the socio-religious structure of Kurdish Alevis was dominated by two hereditary social positions, much like a caste system: on the one hand, the members of the sacred lineages (ocaks), who embody the religious authority, and on the other hand, the talips who are subordinated to the sacred lineages. This socio-religious structure provided a framework for Kurdish Alevi socioreligious organisations

COVID-19 Pandemisinin İlk Yılında Ameliyathanemizin Non- COVID-19 Onkolojik - Onkolojik Tanı Alabilecek Ameliyatlarının Anestezi Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Çalışma

Amaç: Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19) pandemisi tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de sağlık hizmetlerinde ciddi değişimlere neden olmuştur. En çok etkilenen grup, onkolojik bir tanı ile ameliyat olacak veya onkolojik bir tanı ile teşhis edilebilecek olanlardır. Çalışmanın amacı pandeminin ilk yılında üçüncü basamak üniversite hastanemizin ameliyathanesinde patolojik inceleme gerektirecek veya onkolojik tanılı ameliyatlarda demografik, cerrahi branş, ameliyat süresi ve anestezi tipi açısından değişiklikleri gözlemlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kriterleri sağlayan hastaların ameliyat hasta dosyaları retrospektif tarama yöntemiyle incelendi (retrospektif kesitsel çalışma). Bulgular: Ameliyathanemizin olgu sayısının en fazla olduğu ilk 3 cerrahi branş değişmezken, Amerikan Anesteziyoloji Derneği (ASA) II-III skorlamasında (p<0,05) anestezi türünde tek başına uygulanan genel anestezi veya genel anestezi eklenen nöroaksiyel ve gövde bloklarında (p<0,05) farklılık mevcuttur. Ayrıca onkolojik tanılı olgularda %13,3 ve patolojik inceleme gerektiren elektif ameliyatlarda %32 oranında değişim gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: COVID-19 pandemisinde “yeni normal”e uyum sağlanarak daha fazla beklenen iptal oranları oluşmamış ancak bu dönemde ASA skorlarında ve anestezi tipinde farklılıklar olmuştur

Utjecaj razlika između bjeljike i srži na mehanička svojstva drva brzorastućih vrsta

In most uses where wood material needs impregnation or dimensional stability is essential, the properties of sapwood and heartwood should be taken into account. Also, due to the structural differences between heartwood and sapwood, differences in the strength of wood materials should be predicted. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the differences between the mechanical properties of sapwood and heartwood of some important fast-growing forest trees. For this purpose, two softwoods (Pinus sylvestris) and (Pinus brutia) and two hardwoods (Populus usbekistanica) and (Eucalyptus grandis) were selected as test trees. Compression strength parallel to grain (CS ǁ), static quality value (IS), bending strength (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), tensile strength perpendicular to grain (TS⊥), shearing strength parallel to grain (SS ǁ), impact bending strength (IBS), dynamic quality value (ID) and Janka hardness values (JH) of sapwood and heartwood of test trees were determined in laboratory studies. The results of the t-test analysis showed that all mentioned mechanical properties of sapwood and heartwood of test trees were separated from each other as significant, except the shear strength of Eucalyptus, dynamic quality values of red pine and Scots pine and Janka hardness value of red pine. Finally, the results of the study revealed that the differences between sapwood and heartwood strength should be taken into account when wood species are used in constructions and other sensitive areas.U većini primjera uporabe drva u kojima je potrebna impregnacija ili je postojanost dimenzija iznimno važna treba uzeti u obzir različita svojstva drva bjeljike i srži. Usto, zbog strukturnih razlika između srži i bjeljike treba predvidjeti i razlike u njihovoj čvrstoći. Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio utvrditi razlike između mehaničkih svojstava srži i bjeljike nekih važnih brzorastućih šumskih vrsta drva. Stoga su za izradu uzoraka odabrane dvije vrste četinjača (Pinus sylvestris i Pinus brutia) i dvije vrste listača (Populus usbekistanica i Eucalyptus grandis). U laboratorijskim su uvjetima za uzorke drva četinjača i drva listača određena ova svojstva: tlačna čvrstoća paralelno s vlakancima (CS ǁ), vrijednost statičke kvalitete (IS), čvrstoća na savijanje (MOR), modul elastičnosti (MOE), vlačna čvrstoća okomito na vlakanca (TS⊥), smična čvrstoća paralelno s vlakancima (SS ǁ), čvrstoća drva na udarce (IBS), vrijednost dinamičke kvalitete (ID) i tvrdoća po Janki (JH). Rezultati usporedbe uz pomoć t-testa pokazali su da se istraživana mehanička svojstva drva bjeljike i srži znatno razlikuju, osim smične čvrstoće drva eukalipta, dinamičkih vrijednosti kvalitete drva crvenog bora i običnog bora te tvrdoće drva crvenog bora po Janki. Zaključno, rezultati studije pokazali su da je pri upotrebi drva brzorastućih vrsta u graditeljstvu i drugim osjetljivim područjima nužno uzeti u obzir razlike među mehaničkim svojstvima drva bjeljike i srži

A Brief Contemporary Overview of Beliefs on Sanctuaries in Shafii Kurdish Communities: The Case of “Beğendik/Bêdar-Bêdar” (Siirt-Pervari)

The concept of Folk Islam is categorized under two notions as “Sunni Folk Islam” and “Heterodox Folk Islam” which mainly emphasizes the divergence from the Koran based Islam. In that sense, it is seen that the beliefs pertinent to Heterodox Folk Islam has been understood as a form of progressive multiple belief system that has been shaped both under the influence of the Islamic features and other diverse belief systems. As for the communities in which the beliefs prevalently attributed to Folk Islam category in Turkey both side of the discussion mainly indicates the same group, Alevis, which is seen as out of the mainstream Islamic beliefs. In this paper, handling Kurdish communities of Shafii cult which is known as the strictest sect, as certain sample case it is aimed at depicting the deepness of the heterodoxy of the beliefs and rituals that leads to the dichotomy of “Sunni Folk Islam-“Heterodox Folk Islam” so as to even negate the existence of such a dichotomy. In this paper, with reference to the findings of anthropological study carried out at the locality of Beğendik/Bêdar town of Pervari district of Siirt province during the dates February-June 2010, distinctiveness of the sanctuaries of Shafii Kurdish Communities in comparison to other communities that have the similar beliefs and rituals will be discussed

A rare entity bilateral first rib fractures accompanying bilateral scapular fractures

First rib fractures are scarce due to their well-protected anatomic locations. Bilateral first rib fractures accompanying bilateral scapular fractures are very rare, although they may be together with scapular and clavicular fractures. According to our knowledge, no case of bilateral first rib fractures accompanying bilateral scapular fractures has been reported, so we herein discussed the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of bone fractures due to thoracic trauma in bias of this rare entity

Morphometric risk factors effects on anterior cruciate ligament injury

Objectives: This study aims to compare the morphometric differences between patients with and without an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and to investigate the anatomical risk factors associated with ACL injury. Patients and methods: Between February 2020 and February 2022, a total of 100 patients (57 males, 43 females; mean age: 36.2 +/- 6.8 years; range, 18 to 45 years) who were operated for isolated non-contact ACL tear as the patient group and a total of 100 healthy individuals (58 males, 42 females; mean age: 35.0 +/- 6.9 years; range, 18 to 45 years) without an ACL tear as the control group were included. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the knee joint were included in the study. Morphological variables of the ACL, distal femur, proximal tibia, and menisci were measured. Results: The mean ACL inclination angle and medial meniscus bone angle were 37.7 +/- 3.8 and 20.2 +/- 2.9 in the patient group and 48.1 +/- 3.3 and 25.0 +/- 2.9 in the control group. According to the results of multivariate analysis, those with small ACL inclination angle and medial meniscus bone angle were more likely to have ACL tear (odds ratio: 0.128, intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.038-0.430, p= 0.001). Conclusion: Small ACL inclination angle and medial meniscus bone angle can be a risk factor for ACL tear

Efectos sobre la producción de metano de los aceites esencias añadiendo diferentes aditivos

Objective. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of different plant essence oil supplementation to TMR, concentrate and hay on methanogenesis and at 2, 8 and 24 hours (h) using in vitro gas production technique in cattle. Material and methods. Three fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used for rumen fluid collection for application of in vitro gas production technique. Four essence oils (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) were used as plant extracts. Results. Essence oil supplementation, particularly at increased doses, significantly decreased methane production for TMR, concentrate and hay at 8 and 24 h compared to negative and positive control groups (p&lt;0.05). Among all plant extracts, Syzygium 200 ppm supplementation resulted the lowest methane production values(p&lt;0.05). While methane production at 24 h in positive control groups were recorded respectively as 10.45, 10.75 and 10.07 for TMR, concentrate and hay, the values in Syzygium 200 ppm group were recorded respectively as 1.65, 3.28 and 1.98 for these feed groups. Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that increased doses of essence oil supplementation significantly decrease methane production in ruminants. Hence, it is suggested that essence oil will be highly beneficial in ruminant nutrition.Objectivo. El objectivo del presente estudio es determin que el efecto de diferentes suplementos de aceite de esencia de la planta es de TMR, concentrado y heno en la metanogénesis ya los 2, 8 y 24 horas (h) utilizando la técnica in vitro de producciόn de gas en los bovinos. Material y métodos. Tres vacas lecheras Holstein fistulados se utilizaron para la acumulación de liquido ruminal para la aplicación de la técnica in vitro de producción de gas en. Cuatro aceites esenciales (T.vulgaris, O.vulgare, S.aromaticum, Z.officinale) fueron utilizadas como extractos de plantas. Resultados. La administración de suplementos de aceite de esencia, particularmente a elevadas dosis, disminoyó significativamente la producción de metano de TMR, se concentran y heno a las 8 y las 24 h en comparación con los grupos negativos y positivos de control (p&lt;0.05). Entre todos los extractos de plantas, Syzgium 200 suplementación ppm de corrientes de aire los valores de producción de metano màs bajas (p&lt;0.05). Mientras que la producción de metano a las 24 h en los grupos de control positivos, respectivamente, como 10.45, 10.75 y 10.07 am para TMR, concentrarse y heno, los valores de Syzygium grupo de 200 ppm se registraron, respectivamente 1.65, 3.28 y 1.98 para los thes grupos alimentar. Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio indican que las dosis elevadas de suplementos de aceite de esencia para disminuir significativamanente la producción de metano en rumiantes. Por lo tanto, se sugiere que el aceite de esencia será altamente beneficioso en la nutrición de rumiantes

COVID-19 Pandemi Sırasındaki Acil Cerrahi Bakım ve Ameliyathane Uygulamalarında Perioperatif Uygulama ve Rehberlik; Deneyimlerimiz

Aim: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) can infect healthcare workers. We developed an institutional algorithm to protect operating room team members during the COVID-19 pandemic and rationally conserve personal protective equipment (PPE). We aimed to review the latest data on the COVID-19 pandemic and essential information for practice in emergency surgery and the operating room.Materials and Methods: An interventional platform (operating room, interventional suite, and endoscopy) with our committee formed with our doctors consisting of different branches, we developed our guidelines based on potential patterns of spread, risk of exposure, and conservation of PPE. We aimed to share our experiences with 128 patients who were taken into operation in a 2-month period.Anesthetic management and infection control guidelines for emergency procedures for patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were drafted and applied in Medical Faculty of Namık Kemal University.Results: A decision tree algorithm describing our institutional guidelines for precautions for operating room team members was created. This algorithm is based on the urgency of operation, anticipated viral burden at the surgical site, the opportunity for a procedure to aerosolize virus, and the likelihood a patient could be infected based on symptoms and testing.Conclusion: Despite COVID-19 being a new threat, we have shown that by developing an easy-to-follow decision algorithm for the interventional platform teams, we can ensure optimal healthcare worker safety.Amaç: Yeni koronavirüs SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) sağlık çalışanlarını enfekte edebilir. COVID-19 salgını sırasında ameliyathane ekip üyelerini korumak ve rasyonel olarak kişisel koruyucu ekipman (KKE) için kurumsal bir algoritma geliştirdik. Acil cerrahi ve ameliyathanede COVID-19 salgını ile ilgili en güncel bilgileri gözden geçirmeyi amaçladık. Materyal ve Metot: Farklı branşlardan oluşan doktorlarımızla oluşturduğumuz komitemiz ile girişimsel bir platform (ameliyathane, girişimsel ve endoskopi), potansiyel yayılma örüntüleri, maruz kalma riski ve KKE'nin korunmasına dayanan kılavuzlarımızı geliştirdik. Deneyimlerimizi 2 aylık bir sürede ameliyat edilen 128 hasta ile paylaşmayı amaçladık. 2019-nCoV şüphesi olan hastalar için acil durum prosedürleri için anestezi yönetimi ve enfeksiyon kontrol kılavuzları Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi'nde hazırlanmış ve uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Ameliyathane ekibi üyelerine yönelik önlemler için kurumsal yönergelerimizi açıklayan bir karar algoritması oluşturuldu. Bu algoritma ameliyatın aciliyetine, cerrahi bölgede beklenen viral yüke, virüsü aerosol haline getirme prosedürü fırsatına ve hastanın semptomlara ve testlere dayanarak enfekte olma olasılığına dayanır. Sonuç: COVID-19'un yeni bir tehdit olmasına rağmen, girişimsel platform ekipleri için izlemesi kolay bir karar algoritması geliştirerek, optimum sağlık çalışanı güvenliğini sağlayabildiğimizi gösterdik

Efficacy of essence oil supplementation to feeds on volatile fatty acid production

ABSTRACT Objective. Determine the effect of some plant extract supplementation to Total Mixed Ration (TMR), concentrate and hay on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production at 8 and 24 hours (h) using in vitro gas production technique in cattle. Material and methods. Three fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used for rumen fluid collection for application of in vitro gas production technique. Four essence oils (T. vulgaris, O. vulgare, S. aromaticum, Z. officinale) were used as plant extracts. Results. Essence oil supplementations to the examined feed groups had significant effect only on C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h in all feed groups (p<0.05). C2/C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the groups with Oregano 25 ppm supplementation for TMR and concentrate and in the groups with Thymol 25 ppm supplementation for hay. C3 VFA level at 8 h significantly increased in the group that received Syzygium 200 ppm supplementation for hay. Different plant extracts supplemented to TMR, concentrate and hay significantly affected C2, C3, IC4, IC5, C5 and C2/C3 VFA levels at 24 h (p<0.05). Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that moderate doses of plant extracts result in increased VFA levels in ruminants while higher doses demonstrate the opposite effect

Predictive Values of Inflammation Indexes in Predicting Mortality in Patients with COVID 19 Hospitalized in General Intensive Care Unit

Objective: Causing a global pandemic, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused millions of people to become infected and many more to die. In this study we aimed to investigate whether routinely evaluated clinical and laboratory values ??can predict the mortality of patients with COVID-19 disease.Materials and Methods: In our study, routine laboratory parameters of 89 patients hospitalized in the general intensive care unit with the diagnosis of COVID 19 were retrospectively analyzed. The aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) and other inflamatuar values were calculated from blood tests in patients with positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test and with ground-glass opacity on lung tomography. Patients were divided into two groups as those who died (non-survivors) and those who were discharged (survivors)during the intensive care follow-ups. Results: In our study, in 48 patients who died during follow-up, the indexes of AISI, other inflamatuar paramaters and the biochemical parameters such as troponin I, d-dimer, ferritin and procalcitonin were significantly higher than in discharged patients. Hypertension and higher AISI and ferritin levels were statistically associated with reduced survival in Cox regression analysis (Hazard ration (HR): 3.176; 95% Confident interval (CI): 1.122-8.991, p=0.03, HR: 1.114; 95% CI: 1.060-1.348, p=0.042, HR=1.072;95% CI: 1.014-1.242, p=0.011, respectively.Conclusion: Inflammation indexes derived from blood tests and acute phase reactants such as ferritin can guide us in planning the treatment strategy and risk stratification in patients with COVID-19 in intensive care follow-ups.