The Aging of Adipocytes Increases Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Chronologically

Adipose tissue is a significant producer of pro-inflammatory cytokines in obese and old individuals. However, there is no direct evidence of whether and how aged adipocytes enhance the production of pro-inflammatory markers. We aimed to investigate whether the aging adipocytes increase pro-inflammatory markers. Swiss mouse embryonic-tissue-derived 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated into adipocytes and maintained for 60 days in the conditioned medium or 35 days in the unconditioned medium. Additionally, 20-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a standard chow diet for 37 weeks until they were extremely aged, when ~75% of mice died because of aging. Accumulated lipids, pro-inflammatory markers, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway markers from differentiated adipocytes were analyzed. Pro-inflammatory markers and NF-κB pathway markers of epididymal white adipose tissues (EWATs) and adipocytes from EWATs were also analyzed. We found that the aging adipocytes chronologically accumulated lipids and increased pro-inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); at the same time, NF-κB p50 markers were also increased while IκBα protein was decreased significantly in conditioned medium. Similar results were observed when differentiated adipocytes were maintained in the unconditioned medium and the adipocytes from EWATs of aged mice. We demonstrated that aging augmented chronic inflammation through the NF-κB signaling pathway in adipocytes and adipose tissue

Manifestations neurologiques de l’infection par SARS-Cov-2

L'apparition en décembre 2019 du coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) responsable de l'infection COVID-19, a totalement bouleversé le système de santé et a entrainé une situation inédite tant sur le plan scientifique que social. Depuis sa propagation rapide à travers le monde et sa qualification de pandémie par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS), l'explosion du nombre de cas de COVID-19 a permis de décrire plusieurs formes cliniques concomitantes avec les mutations de ce virus. Bien que le COVID19 soit surtout connu pour son tropisme respiratoire (syndrome respiratoire aigu impliquant les voies aériennes supérieures ou basses), il peut également provoquer plusieurs atteintes extrapulmonaires telles que les manifestations neurologiquesL'apparition en décembre 2019 du coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) responsable de l'infection COVID-19, a totalement bouleversé le système de santé et a entrainé une situation inédite tant sur le plan scientifique que social. Depuis sa propagation rapide à travers le monde et sa qualification de pandémie par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS), l'explosion du nombre de cas de COVID-19 a permis de décrire plusieurs formes cliniques concomitantes avec les mutations de ce virus. Bien que le COVID19 soit surtout connu pour son tropisme respiratoire (syndrome respiratoire aigu impliquant les voies aériennes supérieures ou basses), il peut également provoquer plusieurs atteintes extrapulmonaires telles que les manifestations neurologique

Trace Metals’ Contamination of Stream Water and Irrigated Crop at Naraguta-Jos, Nigeria

The concentrations of trace elements Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), and Lead (Pb) in stream water and irrigated crop Carrots (Daucus carota sativa) in Naraguta area of Jos were determined. The stream water was sampled at three different sites A, B and C which were about 200m apart along the stream. The Daucus carota sativa were sampled from a farm at the bank of the stream around Site C. The trace metals were analysed with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Buck Scientific 200A model). The mean concentrations of Cr, Cd and Pb in the stream water were between 0.008mg/l – 0.440mg/L, 0.002mg/L – 0.138mg/L and 0.000mg/L – 0.404mg/L for sites A, B, C. respectively. The concentrations of these metals in Daucus carota sativa collected at site C were Cr = 0.02mg/kg, Cd = 0.042mg/kg and Pb = 0.404mg/kg. The concentrations of the heavy metals in water and Daucus carota sativa in some of the sites were beyond threshold limits set by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, water and Daucus Carota sativa obtained from these sites were unsafe for human consumption as they pose serious health risks due to contamination with the metals. For environmental sustainability the management strategies suggested includes proper treatment of effluents discharged into the stream and adoption of good farming practices by farmers through proper soil amendment and selection of crop varieties with lower metal absorbability.Key words: Heavy metals, Water, Carrots, Limit, Naragut

Contribution of memory evaluation in temporal epilepsy surgery

Memory assessment is a crucial step in the pre-surgical assessment of temporal epilepsy. Indeed, it participates to a certain extent in the process of localization of the epileptogenic zone and also makes it possible to anticipate the possible risks of surgical treatment on the memory.We propose to specify the contribution of memory evaluation in 60 patients’ candidates for temporal epilepsy surgery, in terms of localization of the “epileptogenic zone” and in the appreciation of the risk of postoperative memory decline

Survey of Arabic Checker Techniques

It is known that the importance of spell checking, which increases with the expanding of technologies, using the Internet and the local dialects, in addition to non-awareness of linguistic language. So, this importance increases with the Arabic language, which has many complexities and specificities that differ from other languages. This paper explains these specificities and presents the existing works based on techniques categories that are used, as well as explores these techniques. Besides, it gives directions for future work

Effect of the method of processing on quality and oxidative stability of anhydrous butter fat (samn)

In this study four samn samples prepared from cow milk using two processing methods (traditional T1, T2 and factory processed T3, T4) were investigated for their physico-chemical properties, fatty acids composition, oxidative stability and sensory properties. The traditionally processed samples showed a significance difference (p < 0.05) in peroxide value and acid value in comparison to factory processed ones. The peroxide value was 2.5 meq O2/kg of samn for both T3 and T4 samples, which was higherthan the peroxide value of T1 and T2, which was 1.5 and 2.0, respectively. The acid value of T3, T4, T1 and T2 are 2.58, 2.54, 1.122 and 1.121, respectively. The results showed that the FFA% of T3, T4, T1 andT2 are 1.29, 1.27, 0.6 and 0.6, respectively. The major fatty acids of the four samn samples were palmitic, oleic, stearic, myristic and capric acid. T3 and T4 contain high percentage of palmitc acid 37.29 and 39.23%, respectively. Traditionally processed sample T1 contains high amount of oleic acid (26.1%) in comparison with the other three samples. Method of processing affects samn properties, quality and oxidative stability, where traditionally processed samples were significantly preferred (P 0.05) by the panelists for their color, odor, taste and overall acceptability to the factory processed samples

Effect of sorbitol in callus induction and plant regeneration in wheat

Six wheat genotypes were evaluated for their response to callus induction and regeneration on MS medium modified with different concentrations of sorbitol, that is, 0, 10, 20, 30 gL-1 along with optimum (3 mgL-1) concentration of 2,4-D. Variability was observed among different genotypes for callus induction. Highest callus induction frequency was shown by Wafaq- 2001, which was about 85.62% followed by Inqalab-91 which showed 71.94% callus induction. While minimum callus induction frequency was shown by Saleem-2000 which was about 51.21%. Regarding sorbitol concentration highest average callus induction frequency (79.20%) was obtained at 20 gL-1 and lowest average callus induction frequency (59.20%) was observed at 30 gL-1. In Wafaq-2001 and Inqalab-91 plant regeneration increased gradually by increasing the sorbitol concentration from 0 to 20 gL-1 but then it decreased. Similarly Auqab-2002 had no regeneration al all on non-sorbitol medium but showed regeneration on addition of sorbitol. Similarly time duration required for plant regeneration also decreased by increasing the concentration of sorbitol. It was also observed that sorbitol has given more strength to regenerated plant

Current Practices of Organ Donation and Transplantation Among Different French-Speaking Countries and Regions

peer reviewedaudience: researcher, professional, studentThe aim of the “Transplantation Sans Frontières” (TSF) questionnaire, which was sent to French-speaking centers in 6 different countries and regions, was to establish the current status of organ donation and transplantation in their environments. It was also to examine ways to collaborate and exchange scientific information, teaching, and training in the field of organ transplantation. The French Society of Transplantation and the Agency of Biomedicine already offer specific programs to expand local activities, and the World Health Organization (WHO) regulates them. Therefore, TSF could be a coordinating platform in the near future

Antibacterial activity of various honey types of Algeria against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of honey from different geographical location on Gram negative organismes.MethodsDifferent concentrations (Undiluted honey, 10 %, 30%, 50% and 70% wt/vol) of honey were studied in vitro using Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes), briefly, two-fold dilutions of honey solutions were tested to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against each type of microorganism, followed by more assays within a narrower dilution range to obtain more precise MIC values. MICs were determined by both visual inspection and spectrophotometric assay at 620 nm. These honey samples were compared with standard antibiotics like ampicillin, penicillin G, amoxicillin, gentamycin, tobramycin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol was determined by the disc diffusion method.ResultsThe diameter of zone of the inhibition (ZDI) of honey has various concentrations tested for the isolates ranged 0–46 mm for S. aureus, 0–44 mm for S. pyogenes. While the MIC (%) ranged 12%-95%, 25%-73% respectively.ConclusionsAlgeria honey, in-vitro, possess antibacterial activity