Effect of diazinon 60 EC on Anabas testudineus, Channa punctatus and Barbodes gonionotus

Anabas testudineus, Channa punctatus and Barbodes gonionotus were exposed to 5.62, 6.25, 6.87, 7.50, 8.12 and 8.75 ppm; 1.13, 2.26, 3.39, 4.52, 5.65 and 6.78 ppm; and 2.00, 2.50, 3.00, 3.50, 4.00 and 4.50 ppm of Diazinon 60 EC, respectively. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values of Diazinon 60 EC on A. testudineus, C. punctatus and B. gonionotus were 6.55, 3.09 and 2.72 ppm for 96 hrs of exposure. The fish species showed several abnormal behaviors which included restlessness, arena movements, loss of equilibrium, increased opercular activities, strong spasm, paralysis and sudden quick movements during the exposure. For histopathological studies, A. testudineus, C. punctatus and B. gonionotus were exposed for 7 days to sublethal concentrations of 1.13 and 3.75 ppm; 1.13 and 2.26 ppm; and 1.13 and 2.26 ppm of Diazinon 60 EC, respectively. Hypertrophy, necrosis and pyknosis of hepatocytes, pyknosis and degenerative changes such as necrosis of tubular and haematopoietic cells of kidney were the major histopathological effects

Effects of gamma radiation and -20°C temperatures on the shelf life of Hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha (ham.-Buch. 1822)

The combined effect of radiation and refrigeration on the shelf life of hilsa, Tanualosa ilisha was studied by monitoring the microbiological, chemical and sensory changes of unirradiated and irradiated fish samples using low dose irradiation, doses of 300 krad, 600 krad and 900 krad. Irradiation (900 krad) dramatically reduced population of bacteria, namely total viable counts 48.850cfu per gm for unirradiated, 31.850cfu per gm and 19.600cfu per gm of 300 krad and 600 krad, respectively. The effect was more pronounced at the higher dose (900 krad), total viable count were 14.100cfu per gm. Another microbial indicator total mould counts (TMC) was 8.750cfu per gm, 6.350cfu per gm, and 19.600cfu per gm for 300 krad and 600 krad, respectively. The effect was more pronounced at the higher dose (900 krad) where total viable counts were 14,100cfu per gm. Total volatile nitrogen values increased slowly attaining a value of 101.02mgN per 100gm for unirradiated T. ilisha during refrigerated storage, whereas for irradiated fish, lower values of 71.13, 59.33 and 47.03mgN per 100gm muscle were recorded. Sensory evaluation showed a good correlation with bacterial populations on the basis of overall acceptability scores

Effect of alum on the histological changes of silver barb (Barbodes gonionotus)

Studies were conducted to know the effects of alum on the histological changes of silver barb (Barbodes gonionotus) fry in the aquarium. The use of up to 0.5 g/L of alum for 120 hours as means of treatment of fish diseases is safe. At this level, no abnormal behavior and pathological alteration were observed in the organs of experimental fish. As the doses increased to 1.25 g/L and above (1.5 g/L), experimental fishes exhibited abnormal movement and with marked histopathological changes in the various organs. A dose of above 0.5 g/L should be strictly prohibited

Numerical analysis of heat transfer and nanofluid flow in a triangular duct with vortex generator: two-phase model

Laminar forced convection heat transfer and nano-fluids flow in an equilateral triangular channel using a delta-winglet pair of vortex generators is numerically studied. Three nanofluids, namely; Al2O3, CuO, and SiO2 nano-particles suspended in an ethylene glycol base fluid are examined. A two-phase mixture model is considered to simulate the governing equations of mass, momentum and energy for both phases and solved using the finite volume method (FVM). Constant and temperature dependent properties methods are assumed. The single-phase model is considered here for comparison. The nano-particle concentration is assumed to be 1% and 4% and Reynolds number is ranged from 100 to 800. The results show that the heat transfer enhancement by a using vortex generator and nano-fluids is greater than the case of vortex generator and base fluid only, and the latest case provided higher enhancement of heat transfer compared to the case of a base fluid flowing in a plain duct. Considering the nano-fluid as two separated phases is more reasonable than assuming the nano-fluid as a homogeneous single phase. Temperature dependent properties model provided higher heat transfer and lower shear stress than the constant properties model. C⃝2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 0(0): 1–21, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.2116

Abundant soliton solution for the time-fractional stochastic Gray-Scot model under the influence of noise and M-truncated derivative

In this study, we investigate the abundant soliton solutions for the time-fractional stochastic Gray-Scot (TFSGS) model analytically. The Gray-Scot model is considered under the influence of M-truncated derivative and multiplicative time noise. This is a reaction–diffusion chemical concentration model that explains the irreversible chemical reaction process. The M-truncated derivative is applied for the fractional version while Brownian motion is taken in the sense of time noise. The novel mathematical technique is used to obtain the abundant families of soliton solutions. These solutions are explored in the form of shock, complicated solitary-shock, shock-singular, and periodic-singular types of single and combination wave structures. During the derivation, the rational solutions also appear. Moreover, we use MATHEMATICA 11.1 tools to plot our solutions and exhibit several three-dimensional, two-dimensional, and their corresponding contour graphs to show the fractional derivative and Brownian motion impact on the soliton solutions of the TFSGS model. We show that the TFDGS model solutions are stabilized at around zero by the multiplicative Brownian motion. These wave solutions represent the chemical concentrations of the reactants

Dual band aperture couple microstrip patch antenna using elliptical aperture shape

A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) application nowadays has become more popular. Since it allows users to access network services without being attached to a wired infrastructure. Microstrip antenna has advantages that made them a perfect candidate for the wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. Nowadays, microwave frequencies in communication and radar applications were widely used and for that, certain antenna performance requirements are needed and should be an integral part of the design process. GPS (Global Positioning System), Wireless Local area network (WLAN) are the example of applications that share a common requirement in their antennas. They all require an antenna that is small in size and volume, low in cost and weight, easy to design, and can perform efficiently at two distinct frequencies that may be separated far apart. This paper describes on the design of dual band aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna using elliptical aperture shapes that operate at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz These designs were simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software to gain simulation results and next, this antenna were tested with vector network analyzer. Both, simulated and measured data were compared

Partial replacement of dietary soybean meal by high‐protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) supplemented with protease enzyme for European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax fingerlings

High‐protein distillers dried grains (HPDDG) is a co‐product of ethanol production that uses prefractionation technology. A 70‐day growth trial was conducted to investigate the effect of partial replacement of dietary soybean meal by high‐protein distiller's dried grains (HPDDG) with protease enzyme supplementation (PROXYM ULTRA®) on growth performance, physiological parameters and histological changes of the intestine of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax fingerlings. The results indicated that increased dietary HPDDG levels up to 50% of HPDDG supplemented with protease significantly increases growth performance and feed utilization and improved FCR of sea bass. In addition, replacement of SBM by HPDDG supplemented with protease enhanced feed intake efficiency and the health status of fish. Haematology and serum biochemistry (haemoglobin (Hb)), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and humeral immune parameters including total protein, globulin, cholesterol, lysozyme activity and total antioxidant capacity significantly increased with increase in HPDDG supplemented with protease in the diets. Results of this study indicated that HPDDG supplemented with protease is a good alternative protein source for aquaculture feed and can be included up to 50% as a replacement of SBM without compromising growth performance and physiological parameters of sea bass

Assessment of a high protein distillers dried grain (HP-DDG) augmented with phytase in diets for European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax fingerlings on growth performance, haematological status, immune response and related gut and liver histology

Inclusion of high levels of plant protein ingredients in fish feeds induces the presence of undesirable compounds such as Anti-Nutritional Factors, including non-starch polysaccharides and phytates. The present study evaluated the effect of partial replacement of dietary soybean meal by a high protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG) a co-product of corn based ethanol production. We evaluated HP-DDG in experimental diets with a supplemented commercial phytase on growth performance, physiological parameters and histological changes of the intestine and liver of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax fingerlings. The experiment was conducted for six weeks. A total of 240 D. labrax fingerlings was randomly divided to four experimental treatments (each in triplicates groups) and fed to apparent satiation six days per week for a six weeks’ period. Four dietary treatments: containing 0, 30, 40 and 50% HP-DDG supplemented with enzyme phytase 0.5g kg-1 diet respectively, were tested. The results showed that growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of sea bass was significantly higher (P≤0.05) with increasing levels of HP-DDG-and phytase supplementation. Superior phosphorous utilization was also observed with respect to whole body retention for each incremental level of HP-DDG inclusion. Hematology and serum biochemistry (hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and humoral immune parameters including total protein, globulin, cholesterol, lysozyme activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were improved (P≤0.05) in fish fed diets with increased levels of HP-DDG and supplemented phytase. The findings suggest that the use of HP-DDG supplemented with phytase in sea bass diets enhanced growth, physiological and immunological responses, and evidenced a cost benefit advantage for European sea bass production compared to the use of a diet without either HP-DDG or phytase incorporation