Stock price reaction to earnings announcement: the case of an emerging market

In an efficient stock market stock prices instantaneously and accurately adjust to new information. This paper conducts an event study analysis on an emerging market namely the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) by investigating the stock price reaction to public announcement of quarterly after tax profit by listed firms. By employing 5 year data on stock prices from January 2004 to August 2008 for 114 non financial firms we found that there is no abnormal return post earnings announcement. Moreover the study provides evidence that there is a bigger element of surprise in bad news than in good news as the market reaction to bad news is stronger.Event Study, Earnings Announcement, Emerging Markets

A Discussion of Internal Communication Procedure of Transport Layer Security Protocol on Telecommunication Networks

The research paper written by us discusses the review of internal communication procedure of Transport Layer Security protocol on telecommunication networks. In this research paper we discuss the security measures and security techniques employed by Transport Layer Security protocol for the provision of data privacy, confidentiality and authentication on telecommunication networks to the network users. The telecommunication networks include both the wired and wireless communication networks mostly including computer communication networks. The connection establishment for connecting client side and server side used by Transport Layer Security protocol is discussed in this research paper in order to facilitate the understanding of internal connection establishment and internal connection management procedure between client side and server side of telecommunication network. We have focused on Cipher Suit and Security Services provided by Transport Layer Security protocol in detail in order to high light key features of connection establishment in Transport Layer Security protocol. The discussion in the research paper will be useful for extension of Transport Layer Security protocol’s usability and implementations by researchers

Bidirectional Learning in Recurrent Neural Networks Using Equilibrium Propagation

Neurobiologically-plausible learning algorithms for recurrent neural networks that can perform supervised learning are a neglected area of study. Equilibrium propagation is a recent synthesis of several ideas in biological and artificial neural network research that uses a continuous-time, energy-based neural model with a local learning rule. However, despite dealing with recurrent networks, equilibrium propagation has only been applied to discriminative categorization tasks. This thesis generalizes equilibrium propagation to bidirectional learning with asymmetric weights. Simultaneously learning the discriminative as well as generative transformations for a set of data points and their corresponding category labels, bidirectional equilibrium propagation utilizes recurrence and weight asymmetry to share related but non-identical representations within the network. Experiments on an artificial dataset demonstrate the ability to learn both transformations, as well as the ability for asymmetric-weight networks to generalize their discriminative training to the untrained generative task

In-hospital outcome in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ich)

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with a high in-hospital mortality and morbidity. One radiological parameter which was found significant in predicting mortality was the presence of hydrocephalus on CT brain (plain). The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hydrocephalus in patients with spontaneous ICH and to determine the in-hospital outcome in patients of spontaneous ICH with hydrocephalus.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive case series carried out in Department of Neurology, Pakistan institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad from December 30, 2013 to June 29, 2014. All patients who meet the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. Plain CT brain was done at the time of admission. Radiological parameters recorded included the presence of hydrocephalus on CT brain. Every patient was then being observed for outcome within 7 days. RESULTS: A total of 96 patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 45.1 years with standard deviation of 15.641 years. Out of 96 patients, 52 (54.17%) patients were male and 44 (45.83%) patients were female. 51 (53.12%) patients of intra-cerebral hemorrhage had hydrocephalus. Out of 51 patients of intra-cerebral hemorrhage with hydrocephalus, 33 (64.7%) patients had survived while 18 (35.3%) patients had died.CONCLUSION: In our study, significant number of patients of intracerebral hemorrhage had hydrocephalus and it is associated with high mortality and morbidit

Developments in power amplifier module and comparison of circulators for solid-state microwave ovens.

The solid-state microwave ovens (SSMO) use solid-state power amplifiers for heating food inside the oven cavity. These cooking devices are intelligent systems that can change RF signal characteristics in terms of power, frequency and signal phase. The solid-state transistors are rugged, smaller and cheaper than magnetrons. The SSMO is one step forward towards replacing the vacuum tube (magnetron) technology in heating applications such as microwave ovens. This thesis presents the work done in the developments of power amplifier (PA) module designed for SSMO system. The PA module operates in industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at 2:45 GHz with 250 W output power. Four PA modules are utilized in the SSMO system for multi-channel delivery of RF power into the oven cavity. The key achievements of this thesis are the analysis of faulty PA modules, characterization of RF power detector, and comparison of circulators. Burnouts were observed in several 1st generation PA modules. Failure analysis is made to thoroughly investigate the problem, and to find an enduring solution. RF power detector is developed to avoid burnouts in the future. The power detector monitors the flow of RF power from PA module to oven cavity. It gives the feedback to SSMO system in terms of forward and reflected RF powers. Moreover, five commercial circulators from five different suppliers are compared on identical test-fixtures. The comparison is based on electrical and thermal performance of each circulator as in test cases devised from the operation of the SSMO system

Modelling of Self-Ignition in Spark-Ignition Engine Using Reduced Chemical Kinetics for Gasoline Surrogates

A numerical and experimental investigation in to the role of gasoline surrogates and their reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms in spark ignition (SI) engine knocking has been carried out. In order to predict autoignition of gasoline in a spark ignition engine three reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms have been coupled with quasi-dimensional thermodynamic modelling approach. The modelling was supported by measurements of the knocking tendencies of three fuels of very different compositions yet an equivalent Research Octane Number (RON) of 90 (ULG90, PRF90 and 71.5% by volume toluene blended with n-heptane) as well as iso-octane. The experimental knock onsets provided a benchmark for the chemical kinetic predictions of autoignition and also highlighted the limitations of characterisation of the knock resistance of a gasoline in terms of the Research and Motoring octane numbers and the role of these parameters in surrogate formulation. Two approaches used to optimise the surrogate composition have been discussed and possible surrogates for ULG90 have been formulated and numerically studied. A discussion has also been made on the various surrogates from the literature which have been tested in shock tube and rapid compression machines for their autoignition times and are a source of chemical kinetic mechanism validation. The differences in the knock onsets of the tested fuels have been explained by modelling their reactivity using semi-detailed chemical kinetics. Through this work, the weaknesses and challenges of autoignition modelling in SI engines through gasoline surrogate chemical kinetics have been highlighted. Adequacy of a surrogate in simulating the autoignition behaviour of gasoline has also been investigated as it is more important for the surrogate to have the same reactivity as the gasoline at all engine relevant p−T conditions than having the same RON and Motored Octane Number (MON)

Analytical & Experimental Analysis of Lightning Stokes Performance & Protection by MOV Based Simulation Model: A 33 KV Transmission Line Case Study

Researchers are working on techniques to mitigate failure rates as low as possible to avoid potential harm, sustain high power efficiency for this a considerable number of estimation studies were already performed and several designs of methodologies were being suggested. The transmission line performs the role of the arteries which maintain the process of transporting electricity in the transmission line. That is why it is important to maintain and manage the costs of these tracks.  Surge arrestor and shield wire application are often techniques chosen for defensive strategy in a very technique. By pushing travelling waves towards the electrical equipment mounted on the transmission line, the effects of lightning stoke on the transmission line may cause severe damage to the electrical equipment. In this review, this research study provides a review-based overview of the mechanism of occurrence of lightning along with its impact on the transmission line and the defence methods used to prevent such effects. A MATLAB / SIMULINK 2020a simulation modeling-based analysis for the incidence of lightning on the 33 kV transmission line system is observed in this regard, and a Metal-Oxide surge arrestor-based lightning fault clearance safety scheme is also suggested and discussed

Is adding intra-articular steroid in total knee arthroplasty cocktail obligatory?

Background: The patients can undergo total knee replacement surgery either under general anaesthesia, combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia, nerve root block, spinal combined with intra-articular knee cocktail. There is an ongoing debate amongst Arthroplasty surgeons whether to include steroid in the cocktail or not. The aim of this study is to assess whether there is an added benefit of including steroid in the intraarticular mixture.Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher education, Chennai between December 2017 to December 2018. The study was conducted in the Arthroplasty unit, Department of Orthopaedics. SRIHER ethics committee clearance was obtained prior to the start of the study. The inclusion criteria were patients who underwent total knee replacement surgery under combined spinal and intra-articular knee cocktail. Patients were divided into two groups based on the use of steroid in the intra-articular mixture. Patients were evaluated using Visual analogue scale, opioids usage as primary endpoint while any joint infection within six months of the surgery and knee society score at 1 month and 6 months as the secondary endpoint.Results: The mean visual analogue score for the 0 pod for the group I and group II were 2.3 and 2.4 respectively. There was no case of infection in both groups.Conclusions: There is no fringe benefit of adding steroid to the knee cocktail. So it is not obligatory to add steroid in intra-articular total knee arthroplasty cocktail

Post operative sore throat: Comparison between Macintosh versus video laryngoscope in patients intubated by trainee anaesthetists - A randomised control trial

Objectives: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a common complication related to endotracheal intubation. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of POST in patients intubated by trainee anaesthetist using Video Laryngoscope™ (VDL) or Conventional Macintosh Laryngoscope (CL).Methods: Total 110 patient scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included from main operating room of Aga Khan University Hospital between June 2017-2018. The standardized perioperative protocol was used for general anaesthesia. Selected patients were randomly allocated into conventional laryngoscopy (CL) group or video laryngoscopy (VDL) group. The evaluation of sore throat was done at 1st, 12th and 24th hour postoperatively using a ten-point visual analogue scale.Results: The demographic characteristics, including intubation time, related complications or any other maneuver required were similar between the groups. The incidence of POST at 1st hour was 47% patients in CL group and 38% in VDL group (p=0.335). At 12th hour, 34.5% patients in CL and 38% in VDL reported POST (p=0.692). Similarly at 24th hour, 25% patients in CL and 16% in VDL group reported POST (p=0.669).Conclusions: There was no significant difference in incidence of POST for patients intubated by trainee anaesthetists using either CL or VDL. Objective evidence of training and laryngoscope technique can impact of POST