48 research outputs found

    Effet de l'irrigation déficitaire contrÎlée sur la productivité et l'efficience d'utilisation de l'eau du palmier dattier cv Majhoul

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    Afin de tester l’efficacitĂ© de l’irrigation dĂ©ficitaire contrĂŽlĂ©e sur la productivitĂ© du palmier dattier cv Majhoul, une expĂ©rimentation a Ă©tĂ© conduite pendant deux annĂ©es consĂ©cutives (Mars 2012-FĂ©vrier 2014). Sept rĂ©gimes hydriques localisĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©s: rĂ©gime agriculteur (T0), 100 % (T1); 80 % (T2); 60 % (T3); 80-100-60 % (T4); 150 % (T5) et 60-100-80 % (T6) ETM. Les mesures ont portĂ© sur le suivi des paramĂštres mĂ©tĂ©orologiques, les apports d’eau et l’évolution des rendements en dattes de la variĂ©tĂ© Majhoul Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que: i. Le rĂ©gime hydrique a affectĂ© significativement les rendements moyens et les efficiences de l’utilisation de l’eau, ii. Les apports en eau d’irrigation sont en moyenne de 51 m3/pied/an, et iii. Les rendements moyens en dattes et les efficiences de l’utilisation de l’eau ont variĂ© entre 31 et 61 kg de dattes/pied/an et entre 0,44 et 1,36 kg de dattes/m3.Mots-clĂ©s: Irrigation dĂ©ficitaire contrĂŽlĂ©e, palmier dattier, Majhoul, efficience de l’utilisation de l’eau.To test the effect of regulated deficit irrigation on the productivity of date palm cv Majhoul, an experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (March 2012-February 2014). During these times, seven water regimes were applied under drip irrigation: farmer regime (T0), 100 % (T1), 80 % (T2), 60 % (T3), 80-100-60 % (T4), 150 % (T5) and 60-100-80 % (T6) ETM. The measures focused on the monitoring of meteorological parameters, the water irrigation and the evolution of date yields of Majhoul variety. The results obtained show that: i. Water regime has significantly affected the average yields and water use efficiency, ii. Water irrigation needs are, on average, 51 m3/tree/year, and iii. Average date yields and water use efficiencies varied between 31 and 61 kg of dates/tree/year and between 0.44 and 1.36 kg of dates/m3.Keywords: Regulated deficit irrigation, date palm, Majhoul, water use efficiency

    Effet de l'irrigation déficitaire contrÎlée sur la productivité et l'efficience d'utilisation de l'eau du palmier dattier cv Majhoul

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    Afin de tester l’efficacitĂ© de l’irrigation dĂ©ficitaire contrĂŽlĂ©e sur la productivitĂ© du palmier dattier cv Majhoul, une expĂ©rimentation a Ă©tĂ© conduite pendant deux annĂ©es consĂ©cutives (Mars 2012-FĂ©vrier 2014). Sept rĂ©gimes hydriques localisĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©s: rĂ©gime agriculteur (T0), 100 % (T1); 80 % (T2); 60 % (T3); 80-100-60 % (T4); 150 % (T5) et 60-100-80 % (T6) ETM. Les mesures ont portĂ© sur le suivi des paramĂštres mĂ©tĂ©orologiques, les apports d’eau et l’évolution des rendements en dattes de la variĂ©tĂ© Majhoul Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que: i. Le rĂ©gime hydrique a affectĂ© significativement les rendements moyens et les efficiences de l’utilisation de l’eau, ii. Les apports en eau d’irrigation sont en moyenne de 51 m3/pied/an, et iii. Les rendements moyens en dattes et les efficiences de l’utilisation de l’eau ont variĂ© entre 31 et 61 kg de dattes/pied/an et entre 0,44 et 1,36 kg de dattes/m3.Mots-clĂ©s: Irrigation dĂ©ficitaire contrĂŽlĂ©e, palmier dattier, Majhoul, efficience de l’utilisation de l’eau.To test the effect of regulated deficit irrigation on the productivity of date palm cv Majhoul, an experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (March 2012-February 2014). During these times, seven water regimes were applied under drip irrigation: farmer regime (T0), 100 % (T1), 80 % (T2), 60 % (T3), 80-100-60 % (T4), 150 % (T5) and 60-100-80 % (T6) ETM. The measures focused on the monitoring of meteorological parameters, the water irrigation and the evolution of date yields of Majhoul variety. The results obtained show that: i. Water regime has significantly affected the average yields and water use efficiency, ii. Water irrigation needs are, on average, 51 m3/tree/year, and iii. Average date yields and water use efficiencies varied between 31 and 61 kg of dates/tree/year and between 0.44 and 1.36 kg of dates/m3.Keywords: Regulated deficit irrigation, date palm, Majhoul, water use efficiency

    Évaluation de la qualitĂ© des dattes de la variĂ©tĂ© Majhoul produites sous diffĂ©rents rĂ©gimes hydriques

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    La qualitĂ© de la datte du Majhoul renseigne beaucoup sur la bonne conduite culturale du palmier dattier. Afin d’évaluer l’effet du rĂ©gime hydrique sur la qualitĂ© et la quantitĂ© des dattes au stade tamer, un essai expĂ©rimental a Ă©tĂ© conduit pendant deux annĂ©es consĂ©cutives (Mars 2012-FĂ©vrier 2014). Sept rĂ©gimes hydriques localisĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©s: rĂ©gime agriculteur (T0), 100 % (T1); 80 % (T2); 60 % (T3) ; 80-100-60 % (T4); 150 % (T5) et 60-100-80 % (T6) ETM. Les mesures ont portĂ© sur la mensuration du poids frais et sec des fruits, leur teneur en eau, le rendement total et le calibrage des dattes conformĂ©ment aux normes gĂ©nĂ©rales pour la commercialisation de la datte marocaine. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que le rĂ©gime hydrique 60-100-80 % ETM a amĂ©liorĂ© qualitativement et quantitativement le rendement des dattes. Tandis que le dĂ©ficit hydrique contrĂŽlĂ© au seuil de 40 % a un effet significatif sur la productivitĂ© des palmiers en augmentant la catĂ©gorie I au dĂ©triment de la catĂ©gorie Extra. Mots clĂ©s: QualitĂ© des dattes, palmier dattier, Majhoul, normes gĂ©nĂ©rales pour la commercialisation de la datte marocaineThe date of Majhoul quality gives much information on the conduct of the date palm cultivation. To assess the effect of the water regime on the quality and quantity of dates at the stage tamer, an experimental test was conducted for two consecutive years (March 2012-February 2014). Seven localized water regimes were applied: farmer regime (T0), 100 % (T1); 80 % (T2); 60 % (T3); 80-100-60 % (T4); 150 % (T5) and 60-100-80 % (T6) ETM. The measures focused on the measurement of the fresh weight and dry fruit, water content, total yield and the calibration dates according to general standards for the marketing of Moroccan date. The results showed that the water regime 60-100-80 % ETM has qualitatively and quantitatively improved the performance dates. While the regulated deficit water in the 40 % threshold has a significant effect on palm productivity by increasing class I at the expense of the Extra Class.  Keywords: Dates quality, date palm, Majhoul, general standards for the marketing of Moroccan dat

    Improving Groat Β-Glucan Content of Developed Hexaploid Oat Lines Derivative of Interspecific Crosses

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    Oat grains, untapped reservoir of nutrients and phytochemicals, are very beneficial for food and feed. ÎČ-glucan content of sixteen derivative hexaploid lines, derivative of interspecific crosses between two tetraploid oat species A. magna and/or A. murphyi with five Moroccan hexaploid oat cultivars of A. sativa, aiming the improvement of their groat nutritive value, was accurately assessed. The new developed lines as well as their hexaploid oat parents were tested for agronomic performance under Moroccan climatic conditions in two different locations. Groat’s composition analysis has revealed that ÎČ-glucan content ranged from 1,37% to 6,05%. Significant ÎČ-glucan contents were detected for the cultivar Zahri (6,05±1,19) followed by the lines A. magna F11-4 (magxsat) (5,77±0,20)%, F11-5 (magxsat) (5,79±0,31)%, and F11-8 (magxsat) (5,55±0,41)%. The obtained results indicated that these lines are very promising. Furthermore, substantial differences among cultivars and lines over locations were observed and therefore, the genetic variability, the environmental conditions and their interaction has exerted statistically high significant effects on the groat ÎČ-glucan content (p < 0,0001). Thus, four among sixteen assessed lines which present high ÎČ-glucan content could be conceived for human consumption. These results confirm the success of acheived crosses and enhances the valorization of oats owing to its high content in ÎČ-glucans and other nutraceutical substances. Keywords: Oat, ÎČ-glucan content, tetraploid oat, A. magna, A. murphyi, hexaploid oat, A. sativa, genotype x environmental conditions

    Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soils Irrigated by Treated Wastewater: A Case Study from the Northwest of the Haut Chelif Plain, Algeria

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    Long-term irrigation by treated wastewater (TWW) can lead to the accumulation of heavy metals (HM) in the soil inducing negative effects on the pedo-environment. In this study, plots irrigated with TWW were studied to estimate the accumulation trends of HM and their impact on the physicochemical properties of the soil over a period of four years under a gravity irrigation system on turf with no fertiliser input. Soil samples were taken at two depths (0 to 20 cm: H1 and 20 to 40 cm: H2). The results of this study show that TWW are a main source of increase in HM in the soil by well-identified conditions, the degradation of the environment in general and on the physicochemical quality of soils in particular. It was concluded that the use of TWW in long-term irrigation enriches the soils with heavy metals, by main factors such as TWW composition, climatic conditions, soil type, and irrigation frequency

    Suivi De La CinĂ©tique Du DĂ©veloppement Racinaire Des Plantes DestinĂ©es A La Stabilisation Des Talus Marneux De L’axe Autoroutier FĂšs-Taza (Nord Du Maroc)

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    Le passage de l’autoroute FĂšs-Taza (Maroc) Ă  travers des substrats marneux a engendrĂ© des talus particuliĂšrement sensibles Ă  l’érosion hydrique. En effet, sitĂŽt confectionnĂ©s, ces talus subissent diffĂ©rentes formes d’érosion avec des sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ©s variant avec l’intensitĂ© des pluies. Vu que la stabilisation mĂ©canique s’est rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e difficile et trop coĂ»teuse, les auteurs ont envisagĂ© de faire appel au gĂ©nie biologique mettant en Ɠuvre les plantes qui contribuent au maintien du sol grĂące Ă  leur systĂšme racinaire. Ce travail concerne l’évaluation de l’effet, sur la stabilitĂ© du sol, de plusieurs espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales plantĂ©es sur des talus marneux de l’axe autoroutier FĂšs-Taza. Des espĂšces prometteuses ont fait l’objet d’un suivi sous conditions contrĂŽlĂ©es pour mieux comprendre la cinĂ©tique du dĂ©veloppement de leurs racines. Il s’agit de: Acacia cyanophylla, Arundo donax, Medicago arborea, Prosopis pubescens, Retama monosperma et Spartium junceum. Ce suivi a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© sur un substrat prĂ©levĂ© Ă  partir des talus marneux de l’autoroute FĂšs-Taza et mis dans des mini-rhizotrons pour suivre la croissance et l’architecture du systĂšme racinaire. Acacia cyanophylla et Arundo donax, sont les espĂšces qui ont montrĂ© les densitĂ©s racinaires les plus Ă©levĂ©es. Medicago arborea est l’espĂšce qui a enregistrĂ© la vitesse moyenne d’allongement racinaire maximale parmi les espĂšces testĂ©es (9,3 cm/mois). Ces six espĂšces ont montrĂ© des caractĂ©ristiques complĂ©mentaires nĂ©cessaires au maintien des talus. On les recommande comme composition floristique dans des conditions similaires

    SEASONAL VARIATION OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION OF GROUNDWATER AND SOIL IN THE M’NASRA REGION (GHARB, MOROCCO)

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    M’nasra region is well known for increasing levels of heavy metal pollution in the environment, mainly due to waste discharge of Ouled Berjal, the irrational use of fertilizers, and the discharge of waste from several industries. The objective of this study was to access the seasonal variations in the groundwater and soil quality with respect to heavy metal pollution. Water samples from wells and samples from soil near them were taken during wet (January - March 2017) and dry (July 2017) seasons and concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Contamination factor for each heavy metal and Nemerow pollution index was calculated. Results of the study revealed a decrease in pollution degree from wet to dry for soil and an increase in the case of groundwater. Cu had the lowest and Ni had the highest concentration in irrigation water whereas, for soil, Cd had the lowest and Zn had the highest concentration. During the wet season, all the concentrations of heavy metals decreased compared to the dry season, this can be explained by the dilution of these concentrations by precipitation water and therefore to lower absorption of these heavy metals in the water of irrigations and/or soil. Vertical transfer of pollutants from topsoil to groundwater was assessed using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis to identify associations between heavy metals and soil texture. In the case of Ni and Cr, the variables corresponding to the concentrations from soil and groundwater were part of the same cluster, in both seasons, the distribution maps of concentrations confirmed the pattern of transfer. This study can be considered as a baseline for the seasonal variation of heavy metal pollution of groundwater and soil. This study can be used not only for monitoring the study area but also as a tool for the implementation of environmental protection policies

    Efficacité de quelques herbicides des céréales dans une culture du blé tendre conduite en semis direct

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    In order to evaluate the efficacy of 11 cereal herbicides on no till soft wheat, two trials were conducted in Chaouia region during 2014-2015 growing season. Dominant species of weed flora in Sidi El Aidi site were: Bromus rigidus, Lolium rigidum and Avena sterilis. Dominant species of weed flora in Ouled Said site were:  Avena sterilis, Centaurea diluta and Papaver rhoeas. The obtained results showed that “Pyroxsulam” and “Mesosulfuron Sodium + Iodosulfuron sodium” gavethe best efficacy on rip gut brome. Prosulfocarb provided excellent control of ryegrass but no effect on ripgut brome or wild oat. Broadleaf herbicides provided moderate to good control. “Mesosulfuron Sodium +Iodosulfuron sodium” need to be completed with an broadleaf herbicide in case centaurea diluta is present. “Pyroxsulam” need to be tank mixed with a broadleaf herbicide to widen its weeds spectrum. Treatment with “Pendimethalin”as pre-emergence herbicide allowed an early complete control of weeds and good crop selectivity. Keywords: No-till, cereals, herbicides, weeds, ChaouiaDans l’intĂ©rĂȘt d’évaluer l’efficacitĂ© de 11 herbicides des cĂ©rĂ©ales dans une culture du blĂ© tendre en semis direct, deux essais ont Ă©tĂ© conduits dans la rĂ©gion de la Chaouia durant la campagne agricole 2014-2015. L’inventaire floristique a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© la dominance des espĂšces graminĂ©es dans le site de Sidi El AĂŻdi Ă  savoir le brome rigide (Bromus rigidus), l’ivraie raide (Lolium rigidum) et la folle avoine (Avena sterilis). Dans le site d’Ouled Said, les espĂšces suivantes ont Ă©tĂ© dominantes: la folle avoine (Avena sterilis), la centaurĂ©e Ă©lancĂ©e (Centaurea diluta) et le coquelicot (Papaver rhoeas). Les rĂ©sultats obtenus sur l’impact des herbicides sur le brome (Bromus rigidus) ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que «Pyroxsulam» et «Mesosulfuron Sodium +Iodosulfuron sodium» ont  donnĂ© la meilleure efficacitĂ© sur cette espĂšce. Prosulfocarbe a permis un excellent contrĂŽle de l’ivraie raide mais sans aucun effet sur le brome et la folle avoine. Les traitements antidicotylĂ©dones ont donnĂ© des niveaux de contrĂŽle moyens Ă  bons. Le traitement Ă  base de « Mesosulfuron Sodium +Iodosulfuron sodium» doit ĂȘtre complĂ©tĂ© avec un traitement de rattrapage en prĂ©sence de la centaurĂ©e Ă©lancĂ©e. Le traitement Ă  base «Pyroxsulam» doit ĂȘtre mĂ©langĂ© avec un herbicide antidicotylĂ©dones pour Ă©largir son spectre d’efficacitĂ©. Le traitement de prĂ©levĂ©e Ă  base de «PendimĂ©thaline» a permis d’anĂ©antir les mauvaises herbes du dĂ©but de cycle avec une bonne sĂ©lectivitĂ© vis-Ă -vis de la culture. Mots clĂ©s: Semis direct, cĂ©rĂ©ales, herbicides, mauvaises herbes, Chaoui
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