Control of Industrial Robot via GSM Networks

Controlling devices is one of the important fields in modern industrial control systems where robots do dangerous, precise and even boring work The study of embedded systems has the main role and contribution in making such control convenient, since it acquire measures, process readings and control of actuators. In this paper, the solution suggested is to realize control using three modes, as well as approaching the problem without using PC for processing of measurement and control signals. It aims also to overcome the limitation of the peripherals of AVR Atmega32 microcontrollers that can control only two servo motors. This limit has been overcome by utilizing SPI interface ports of microcontrollers. Results obtained are excellent and efficient performance achieved. However, there are some findings like rounds-up of some values that led to loose of few fractions in the position of motor due to shift in the instant of sending signal to the slave micro. A solution has been proposed, which was to send the value in two cycles. Another issue is how to put together the three modes in one program, which were not possible because of the blocking statement in the GSM mode

THE CLINICAL EXAMINATION- LONG CASE THE MOST VALID TEST IN A MEDICAL SCHOOL

This article includes (1) the basic contents of a clinical examination long case (ii) the strengths of the examination which justify labeling it as the most valid (iii) guidelines for conduction of the examination (iv) guidelines for marking (v) the place of the short case and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in the end of course examination

Feasibility of double-layer microchannel fabrication at low speed micro end-mill and wire-cut EDM machines

This study compares micron-scale features of double layer-microchannel heat sink (DLMC) fabrication.Massive theoretical researches investigated DL-MC and its advantages over single-layer. However, micro-machining of DL-MC is still immature area. Here, Two advanced machining technologies, namely: Micro end-mill and wire-cut EDM are utilized to fabricate a DL-MC. Investigation on burr formation, surface roughness and shape configuration that influence heat transfer mechanism is done through a series of machining runs. Manipulating machine parameters such as: spindle speed, feed rate and tool dimension shown that low speed micro end-mill is capable of creating sufficient DL-MC quality. Also, scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs and roughness measurement reveal that wire-cutEDM is better in machining time and stability of surface roughness

The University of Gezira Advisory System: Academic Advising of Excellent Students

Excellent students are the promising scientists and leaders of their professions in the future and hence universities must assume full responsibility of supporting and encouraging those students during the undergraduate and postgraduate studies; a policy which can help producing competent graduates who can contribute significantly in the total development of the country. Traditionally excellent students are rewarded by prizes and financial incentives and enrollment in the academic staff as teaching assistants. Although the university rewards are useful in motivating students to achieve excellence, their benefits to the excellent students and the universities are rather limited; they are usually late and do not contribute in strengthening and enriching the curricula. Faculties and departments should have a clear plan of guiding and supporting excellent students; to help them contribute in the academic activities and choose their future careers appropriately. The academic advising system was introduced very early during establishment of the University of Gezira (1975) and has been included in the academic regulations, ever since it has been implemented, upgraded and evaluated several times. Experience showed that it is useful and effective in helping students achieve the University requirements of graduation; teachers and students are now familiar with it. However the system focuses on poor students and neglects excellent students. Following is a proposal of academic advising of excellent students. Examples are drawn from the curriculum of the Faculty of Medicine and the model could be adopted by other faculties

Adaptive Coding, Modulation and Filtering of Radar Signals

In this chapter, some of the issues associated with radar signal processing are highlighted, with an emphasis on adaptability. Signal processing operations are carried by systems in order to enhance the received signal or to clarify its content of information. Received radar signal should be subjected to processing prior to the extraction of useful target information out of it so as to emphasize desired signal among other accompanying signals. Processing of the radio frequency (RF) signal is generally done in an analogue manner, while digital signal processing (DSP) became dominant in the intermediate-frequency (IF) and low-frequency portions of the system. Since the detectability and immunity against interference and clutter strongly depend on the waveform used, it will be more efficient to apply a diverse waveform instead of confinement to an invariable waveform of a fixed code and pattern. Adaptive coding, modulation and filtering of radar signals provide high degree of diversity as well as flexibility and agility for signal processors versus changing sources of interference and environmentally dependent reflectors. Constant false alarm rate (CFAR) is an adaptive processing technique that reduces noise and clutter. Different methods are applied in CFAR technique to adaptively cope with varying clutter density and distribution

A Case Report of Duodenal Psammomatous Somatostatinoma

Somatostatinoma is a neuroendocrine tumor; its incidence in the duodenum around the ampulla of Vater is rare, and it is often not associated with secretory manifestation. We report a case of a female with an ampullary (Vater) tumor displaying neuroendocrine nuclear features, psammoma bodies, and the positivity for immunohistochemical panel of neuroendocrine tumors. Our patient presented with some features compatible with somatostatin secretion associated syndrome; albeit with normal serum levels of the hormone. Initial attempt of complete resection failed, and the involved margins were revised with a subsequent surgery, and the patient showed an uneventful course on follow-up for 2 years

LEOPOLDOVI HVATOVI: KOLIKO SU ČESTI U NAŠOJ SVAKODNEVNOJ PRAKSI

Objective. To determine how frequent obstetricians use Leopold’s maneuvers in their practice. Subjects and Methods. A questionnaire with numerical scale was distributed among practicing obstetricians. They examined how ­frequent the symphyseal fundal height (SFH) measurement, Leopold’s maneuvers and ultrasound examination for fetal orientation were performed. Results. A total of 165 obstetricians completed the questionnaire. Only 56 (33.9%) respondents indicated that they use SFH. The first and third Leopold’s maneuver were the most frequent abdominal grips ­performed. Only 36 (21.8%) respondents regularly perform all four maneuvers. Seventy seven (46.7%) respondents use ultrasound to determine fetal orientation. The use of ultrasound was significantly higher (p=0.02) in those practicing for less than 10 years (62.6%) compared to those practicing for 10 years or more (43.3%). Conclusion. Leopold’s maneuvers are still common in daily obstetrics practice. Abdominal palpation remains a common method to estimate the uterine size. The first and third Leopold’s maneuver were the most frequent abdominal grips performed. Ultrasound examination is commonly used to determine fetal orientation.Cilj rada je ustanoviti koliko često opstetričari u svojoj praksi rabe Leopold-Pavlikove hvatove. Materijal i metode. Upitnik s brojčanim podatcima je podijeljen opstetričarima iz prakse. Oni su pokazali koliko često izvode ­mjerenje udaljenosti fundus simfiza, Leoplodove hvatove i pregled ultrazvukom za prosudbu fetalnog položaja i stava. Rezultati. Ukupno je 165 opstetričara ispunilo upitnik. Samo 56 (33,9%) njih mjere udaljenost fundus simfiza. Prvi i treći Leopoldov hvat su najčešće rabljeni hvatovi. Samo 36 (21,8%) ispitanika redovito izvode sva četiri hvata. Sedamdeset ­sedam (47,7%) rabe ultrazvučni pregled da odrede položaj i stav djeteta. Uporaba ultrazvuka je bila signifikantno češća (p=0,02) u onih koji rade manje od 10 godina (62,6%) od onih koji rade dulje od 10 godina (43,3%). Zaključak. Leopoldovi hvatovi su još uvijek uobičajeni u svakodnevnoj opstetričnoj praksi. Palpacija trbuha trudnice je uobičajena metoda za prosudbu veličine maternice. Prvi i treći Leopoldov hvat su najčešće rabljeni hvatovi. Pregled ultrazvukom se obično rabi za prosudbu položaja i stava fetusa

PROBLEM BASED LEARNING IN THE FACULTY OF MEDICINE – UNIVERSITY OF GEZIRA

This article describes the main objectives of a medical school, how effective is problem based learning (PBL) in helping the student achieve the educational objectives of the faculty, the approach to PBL adopted by the Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira (FMUG)

Production of citric acid from sugarcane molasses by Aspergillus niger using submerged fermentation

Citric acid (CA) has a high demand due to its various uses in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the natural supply of CAis minimal compared to its growing industrial demand. The increasingdemand for CA can be fulfilled by using biotechnological processes. This study utilized liquid state bioconversion by Aspergillus niger for CA production using sugarcane molasses as the primary substrate. Sugarcane molasses which is agricultural waste consists of significant proportion of organic matters such as lipids and carbohydrates. This makes sugarcane molasses as a potential and alternative source of producing CA at a lower cost. In this study, statistical optimization was applied to improve CA production using submerged fermentation in shake flasks. Aspergillus nigerwas cultured in potato dextrose agar. Then, inoculum spores were introduced into the fermentation media for a specific duration according to the experimental design from Central Composite Design (CCD) tool under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Design Expert 6.0 software. Three parameters were chosen to be optimized at 32⁰C i.e.agitation rate (160, 80, 200 rpm), substrate concentration (47, 60, 73%) and fermentation time (24, 72, 120 h). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) analyses were conducted to measure CA yield. The optimization study showed that the media incubated for 72 hours with a substrate concentration of 60% and an agitation speed of 180 rpm produced the highest CA yield(21.2 g/L).The analysis of variance (ANOVA) also showed that CCD quadraticmodel was significant with P-value< 0.0104 and R2is0.896