On The Class of (K-N) Quasi-Normal Operators On Hilbert Space

In this work, we introduce another class of normal operator which is (K-N) quasi-normal operator and given some properties of this concept as well as discussion the relation between this operator with another types of normal operators. Keyword: (K-N) quasi-norma

Clinical impact of open versus laparoscopic approach on the outcome in cases of congenital duodenal obstruction: A comparative study

Introduction Congenital duodenal atresia/partial duodenal obstruction/duodenal stenosis is one of the most common variants of intestinal atresia, occurring 1 in 2500–5000 live births. The aim of this study was to compare between both the laparoscopic and open approaches for repair of congenital duodenal obstruction regarding their effects on outcome.Patients and methods A total of 20 cases diagnosed with congenital duodenal obstruction (atresia, web, and stenosis) in the neonatal and pediatric surgical units of Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital were studied. All cases underwent either laparoscopic or open repair. Cases associated with malrotation or multiple atresias were excluded. Patients’ characteristics, including age, sex, presenting symptoms, associated anomalies, preoperative investigations, intraoperative details, and postoperative outcomes, were documented.Results A total of 20 cases of duodenal obstruction were included in this study over 1 year, from January 2017 to January 2018. We did duodenoduodenostomy in 15 cases (web in the second part of duodenum, types II and III) and excision of the web in the first part of duodenum in five cases. Laparoscopic repair was done in 11 (55%) cases (diamond-shaped duodenoduodenostomy in nine cases and web excision in two cases) whereas open technique was performed in nine (45%) cases (diamond duodenoduodenostomy in six cases, and excision of the web in three cases). The average operative time in cases of laparoscopic duodenoduodenostomy was 120 min whereas in the cases of open technique was 90 min. The average time needed until full feeding to be achieved was 6–7 days in cases done  laparoscopically, whereas other group was 10–20 days. In this cohort, no stricture or leakage or wound dehiscence was found in both groups. Laparoscopic group afforded a better cosmesis and more parent satisfaction.Conclusion Use of the laparoscope in duodenal obstruction in either neonates or children is a safe and easy technique, and despite being a lengthier operation, feeding could be established earlier. Keywords: duodenal atresia, laparoscopic, TPN

Usefulness of laparoscopy for determining the location of transitional zone in patients with inconclusive barium enema for Hirschsprung’s disease: a prospective clinical trial

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopy to localize the transitional zone in cases of Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) with nondiagnostic contrast enema.Summary background data: In the treatment of HD, preoperative ascertainment of the extent of aganglionosis by contrast enema is crucial, as this affects the planning for transanal endorectal pull-through. Patients with aganglionic rectal biopsy with inconclusive barium enema present difficulty in determining the extent for transanal resection asthe colon is not directly visualized as compared with transabdominal approach.Patients and methods: A study was conducted in our institution on 30 patients fulfilling such criteria with a median age at the time of surgery of 50 months. The location of the transitional zone by intraoperative laparoscopy view was used to plan further management.Results: The junction between normal dilated bowel with peristalsis and aganglionic collapsed bowel without peristalsis was marked by diathermy followed by transanal endorectal pull-through in the same setting in 14 (46.7%) cases. Subsequent histopathological examination of the excised specimens showed adequately ganglionated surgical margin in all 14 cases. In three (10%) patients, the transitional zone was seen in the most distal part of the rectum and the patients were diagnosed as suffering from very shortsegment HD; therefore, anorectal myectomy was performed. In the remaining 13 patients no definite funnel was seen and leveling biopsy was done to exclude total colonic HD. Since frozen section biopsy was not available in our facility at the time of this study, all biopsies were sent for fixed paraffin sections. Further management for biopsied patients at later stage was in the form of either anorectal myectomy in five (16.7%) patients or Botox injection in eight (26.7%) patients.Conclusion: Laparoscopy was found to be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool for such patients.Keywords: Hirschsprung’s disease, laparoscopic biopsy, transanal endorectal pull-through, transition zone, ultra-short segmen

Studies on geo-morphology, ecology and fish production of the 92 rivers of Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh

Geo-morphology, ecology and fish production of the 92 rivers of Rajshahi division have been presented in this paper. Fifteen rivers are dead and 11 rivers have severe erosion problem. Siltation has increased in 66 rivers and depth has decreased in 11 rivers. Sixty nine rivers are suffering from low flow conditions. Fish diversity has decreased in 20 rivers while fish production has declined in 75 rivers. A total of 31 fish species have extinct, 25 species are under threat of extinction and 43 species have low production. Siltation and pollution are the major causes of fish habitat loss. Recommendations are made to protect and conserve fish habitat and riverine fisheries of Rajshahi division

Distribution, prevalence and intensity of protozoan and monogenean parasites of carp fingerlings in selected nursery ponds

An experiment was carried out on the distribution, prevalence and intensity of infestation of protozoan and monogenean parasites of carp fingerlings in two selected areas of Bangladesh. Six hundred and forty fingerlings of seven species viz. Catla calla, Hypophthalmicthys molitrix, Labeo rohita, Ctenophalyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio, Barbodes gonionotus and Cirrhinus cirrhosus from different nursery ponds of Shambhuganj, Mymensingh, and Santaher, Bogra were examined during this investigation. This study revealed that carp fingerlings carried a large number of protozoan and monogenean parasites. Different protozoan parasites viz Trichodina domerguei, Trichodina reticulata, Myxobolus koi, Chilodonella cyprini and monogenean parasites such as Dactylogyrus extensus, Dactylogyrus catlarius and Dactylogyroides tripathi were identified in the experimental fishes throughout the study period. It has been observed that distribution, prevalence and intensity of parasite in carp fingerlings are species and zone specific. In case of C. cirrhosus, the highest prevalence of protozoan parasite viz Trichodina domerguei were 93.75% and 75.92% in Santhahar and Shambhuganj area respectively. Irrespective of host, the most prevalent ectoparasite was Dactylogyrus extensus, followed by Myxobolus koi, Chilodonella cyprini and Dactylogyroides tripathi. Relatively higher mortality of carp fingerlings was found at younger stage. The highest prevalent parasitic species was identified as Trichodina domerguei followed by Trichodina reticulata and Dactylogyrus catlarius were found 93.75% in Cirrhinus cirrhosus, 68.75% in Cyprinus carpio and 39.44% in Hypophthalmicthys molitrix respectively

Renal Vein Thrombosis

ObjectiveThe aim of this article is to review the published English literature on aetiology, pathology, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods and treatment of renal vein thrombosis.Materials and methodsWe searched the published literature from Medline & Pubmed using keywords renal vein thrombosis, anti-phospholipid syndrome and nephrotic syndrome. Data was extracted from individual case reports, case series, articles on pathology, diagnostic tests, treatment modalities, and previous reviews. Case reports which did not add any new information were excluded.ResultsWe selected 60 references based on the above criteria. Renal vein thrombosis is relatively rare. CT angiography is considered the investigation of choice. Alternatives include MR angiography or renal venography in highly selected patients. As the condition is relatively uncommon, consensus on the best form of therapy for this condition has been slow to evolve. The trend in management has shifted to non-surgical therapies particularly systemic anticoagulation except in highly selected group of patients

Predictor factors of sustained virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with current direct-acting antiviral drugs

Purpose: To assess the efficacy and predictors of treatment response of chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 Egyptian patients with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir, with or without ribavirin.Methods: This prospective study enrolled 200 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 infection who received sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir for 12 weeks, with the addition of ribavirin for treating cirrhotic patients. Immunological parameters such as natural killer (NK) cell percentage, phenotype, and serum C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) were evaluated prior to treatment and at the end of the treatment.Results: Overall, 92.5 % of the patients achieved sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR12), where the non-cirrhotic group had 96.29 % SVR12, while the cirrhotic group had 84.61 % SVR12. Nonresponders had lower pretreatment platelet count, higher CXCL10 levels, and lower baseline frequencies of NK cells and NK subgroup CD56- CD16+.Conclusion: Based on these results, the use of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir with or without ribavirin for 12 weeks, is an effective regimen in the treatment of Egyptian patients infected with genotype 4 HCV. The predictors of non-response are advanced age, liver cirrhosis, lower pretreatment platelet count, higher level of CXCL10, lower baseline NK cells frequency and percentage of the dysfunctional subset CD56- CD16+. Keywords: Hepatitis C virus, Genotype 4, Sofosbuvir, Daclatasvir, Sustained virological respons

Modified Bianchi pyloromyotomy versus laparoscopic pyloromyotomy for patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: Intraoperative considerations and parents’ satisfaction

Introduction Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a common cause of persistent nonbilious vomiting during infancy. Ramstedt pyloromyotomy through right upper quadrant transverse incision is the conventional treatment. The laparoscopic and Tan-Bianchi approaches were introduced to improve the cosmesis and decrease postoperative morbidity. In this study, we compared between laparoscopic and modified Bianchi approaches regarding intraoperative technical considerations and postoperative outcomes.Patients and methods The study included 40 patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Overall, 20 patients underwent laparoscopic pyloromyotomy (LP) and the other 20 patients underwent modified Bianchi pyloromyotomy (MBP). Patients’ characteristics, including age, sex, gestational age, and associated  comorbidities, were documented. Intraoperative details and complications and postoperative outcomes were recorded.Results The operative time and intraoperative complications including mucosal perforation and bleeding did not significantly differ between both the groups. From the laparoscopic group, one (5%) case was complicated by mucosal perforation and converted to open and another case (5%) developed hypercapnia. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding time till full feed (P=0.648) and postoperative hospital stay (P=0.082). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding postoperative complications, with one (5%) case from the laparoscopic group underwent incomplete myotomy and required redo-operation and another case (5%) developed wound infection. MBP had a significantly more parent satisfaction regarding cosmesis than LP (P=0.016).Conclusion MBP is comparable to LP regarding intraoperative complications and postoperative outcomes; however, the modified Bianchi approach offered more parent satisfaction than laparoscopic approach.  Keywords: laparoscopic, modified Bianchi, pyloric stenosis, pyloromyotom

Structural and magnetization behaviors of Ni substituted Li-Mg ferrites

Magnetization behaviors of Ni-substituted LixMg0.5Ni0.5-2xFe2+xO4 ferrites, where x = 0.25, 0.20, 0.15, 0.10 and 0.00 synthesized by standard ceramic technology sintered at 1300°C in air for 5 hours has been presented in the present study. The bulk density and lattice constants of the samples found to be decreased with the increase in the Ni-content for the x values from 0.25 to 0.00. DC electrical resistivity has found to show highest magnitude at room temperature and decreases with further increase in temperature. Magnetization of the samples has been measured as a function of the field using hysteresis loop tracer at 30°C. It was observed that addition of nickel in polycrystalline Li-Mg ferrites plays an important role in modification of structural and magnetization characteristics

Impact of Gouy-Chapman-Stern model on conventional ISFET sensitivity and stability

Utilizing Gouy-Chapman-Stern model can improve ISFET sensitivity and stability using Stern layer in direct contact with electrolyte in ISFET sensing window. However, this model remains a challenge in mathematical way, unless it’s re-applied using accurate simulation approaches. Here, we developed an approach using a commercial Silvaco TCAD to re-apply Gouy-Chapman-Stern model as ISFET sensing membrane to investigate its impact on sensitivity and stability of conventional ISFET. Sio2 material and high-k Ta2O5 material have been examined based on Gouy-Chapman and Gouy-Chapman-Stern models. Results shows that the ISFET sensitivity of SiO2 sensing membrane is improved from ~38 mV/pH to ~51 mV/pH and the VTH shift stability is also improved. Additionally, the results indicate that the sensitivity of Ta2O5 is 59.03 mV/pH that hit the Nearnst Limit 59.3 mV/pH and achieves good agreements with mathematical model and previous experimental results. In conclusion, this investigation introduces a real validation of previous mathematical models using commercial TCAD approach rather than expensive fabrication that paves the way for further analysis and optimization