Estimation of the Genetic Parameters of the Growth Characteristics in Rice Crop (Oryza sativa L.) by Effect of two Methods Irrigation

 نفذت تجربة حقلية للموسم الزراعي 2017 في محافظة بابل/ المسيب – منطقة البوجاسم 35 كم شمال المحافظة بهدف تقويم اداء سبعة تراكيب وراثية من الرز( Oryza sativa L.)  وكذلك دراسة المعالم الوراثية كالتباينات الوراثية والبيئية والمظهرية ونسبة التوريث بالمعنى الواسع ومعاملي الاختلاف الوراثي والمظهري بتأثير طريقتي الري (الغمر والري المتقطع) للتراكيب الوراثية (عنبر33 و دجلة ومشخاب 2 وفرات وبرنامج4 وياسمين وغدير) والتي تم الحصول عليها من محطة ابحاث الرز في المشخاب باستعمال تجربة الالواح المنشقة بتصميم القطاعات الكاملة المعشاة (RCBD) بثلاثة مكرارت ويمكن تلخليص النتائج على النحو الآتي:- اختلفت التراكيب الوراثية معنويا على مستوى احتمال 5% لجميع الصفات المدروسة. تفوق التركيب الوراثي عنبر33 في جميع الصفات المدروسة باستثناء صفة عدد التفرعات الفعالة التي تفوق فيها التركيب الوراثي فرات. تفوقت طريقة الري بالغمر معنوياً لجميع الصفات المدروسة. كانت قيم التباين الوراثي لما يشكله من قيمة التباين الكلي عالية لجميع الصفات باستثناء صفة عدد الافرع .دالية للموقع الاول فقط. اشارت تقديرات قيم التوريث بالمعنى الواسع الى انها كانت عالية لجميع الصفات. كانت قيم معاملي الاختلاف المظهري والوراثي مختلفة بين واطئة لصفات عدد الايام من الزراعة حتى 50% تزهير ومتوسطة لبقية الصفات عدا صفة مساحة ورقة العلم اذ كانت عالية لطريقتي الري وواطئة لصفة عدد الافرع .دالية.Field experiments were carried out for 2017 agricultural season in Babylon / Musaib - Albojasem region 35 km west  north of the governorate to evaluate the performance of seven genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genetic, environmental and phenotypic variances, heritability percent in the broad sense, genetic and phenotypic Different Coefficients, effect of irrigation methods (flooding and intermittent irrigation) of the genotypes (Amber33, Dijla, Mashkhab 2, Forat, Pernameg4, Yasmin and Ghadir)  The research center of the rice in Al-Mashkhab using the experiment of split plots in randomized complete Block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results can be summarized as follows: 1.The genotypes showed significant differences in the 5% probability level for all studied traits. The genotype Amber 33 superior to all other traits except for the number of effective branches for genotype Forat. The method of irrigation by flooding showed significant superiority of all studied traits. The genetic variance values were higher than the environmental variability values of all traits except for the number of branches. 5.The estimates of heritability values in the broad sense indicated that they were high for all traits. 6.The values of the phenotypic and genetic differences were different between low values of the number of days from planting to 50% flowering and medium for the other traits except for the area of the leaf it was high for the irrigation methods and the low of the number of branches. panicle

Estimation of the Genetic Parameters of the Growth Characteristics in Rice crop (Oryza sativa L.) by Effect of Two Methods Irrigation

نفذت تجربة حقلية للموسم الزراعي 2017 في محافظة بابل/ المسيب– منطقة البو جاسم 35 كم شمال المحافظة بهدف تقويم اداء سبعة تراكيب وراثية من الرز(Oryza sativa L. ) وكذلك دراسة المعالم الوراثية كالتباينات الوراثية والبيئية والمظهرية ونسبة التوريث بالمعنى الواسع ومعاملي الاختلاف الوراثي والمظهري بتأثير طريقتي الري (الغمر والري المتقطع) للتراكيب الوراثية (عنبر33 و دجلة ومشخاب 2 وفرات وبرنامج4 وياسمين وغدير) والتي تم الحصول عليها من محطة ابحاث الرز في المشخاب باستعمال تجربة الالواح المنشقة بتصميم القطاعات الكاملة المعشاة (RCBD) بثلاثة مكررات ويمكن تخليص النتائج على النحو الآتي :- اختلفت التراكيب الوراثية معنويا على مستوى احتمال 5% لجميع الصفات المدروسة. تفوق التركيب الوراثي عنبر33 في جميع الصفات المدروسة باستثناء صفة عدد التفرعات الفعالة التي تفوق فيها التركيب الوراثي فرات. تفوقت طريقة الري بالغمر معنوياً لجميع الصفات المدروسة. كانت قيم التباين الوراثي لما يشكله من قيمة التباين الكلي عالية لجميع الصفات باستثناء صفة عدد الافرع. دالية للموقع الاول فقط. اشارت تقديرات قيم التوريث بالمعنى الواسع الى انها كانت عالية لجميع الصفات. كانت قيم معاملي الاختلاف المظهري والوراثي مختلفة بين واطئة لصفات عدد الايام من الزراعة حتى 50% تزهير ومتوسطة لبقية الصفات عدا صفة مساحة ورقة العلم اذ كانت عالية لطريقتي الري وواطئة لصفة عدد الافرع. دالية.Field experiments were carried out for 2017 agricultural season in Babylon /Musaib-Albojasem region 35 km west north of the governorate to evaluate the performance of seven genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genetic, environmental and phenotypic variances, heritability percent in the broad sense, genetic and phenotypic Different Coefficients, effect of irrigation methods (flooding and intermittent irrigation) of the genotypes (Amber33, Dijla, Mashkhab 2, Forat, Pernameg4, Yasmin and Ghadir)  The research center of the rice in Al-Mashkhab using the experiment of split plots in randomized complete Block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results can be summarized as follows: The genotypes showed significant differences on the 5% probability level for all studied traits. The genotype Amber 33 superior to all other traits except for the number of effective branches for genotype Forat. The method of irrigation by flooding showed significant superiority of all studied traits. The genetic variance values were higher than the environmental variability values of all traits except for the number of branches. The estimates of heritability values ​​in the broad sense indicated that they were high for all traits. 6. The values of the phenotypic and genetic differences were different between low values of the number of days from planting to 50% flowering and medium for the other traits except for the area of the leaf it was high for the irrigation methods and the low of the number of branches. panicle

Serological evidence of hepatitis E virus infection in pigs and jaundice among pig handlers in Bangladesh

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of viral hepatitis in humans. Pigs may act as a reservoir of HEV, and pig handlers were frequently identified with a higher prevalence of antibodies to HEV. The objectives of this study were to identify evidence of HEV infection in pigs and compare the history of jaundice between pig handlers and people not exposed to pigs and pork. Blood and faecal samples were collected from 100 pigs derived from three slaughterhouses in the Gazipur district of Bangladesh from January to June, 2011. We also interviewed 200 pig handlers and 250 non-exposed people who did not eat pork or handled pigs in the past 2 years. We tested the pig sera for HEV-specific antibodies using a competitive ELISA and pig faecal samples for HEV RNA using real-time RT-PCR. Of 100 pig sera, 82% (n = 82) had detectable antibody against HEV. Of the 200 pig handlers, 28% (56/200) demonstrated jaundice within the past 2 years, whereas only 17% (43/250) of controls had a history of jaundice (p < .05). Compared to non-exposed people, those who slaughtered pigs (31% versus 15%, p < .001), reared pigs (37% versus 20%, p < .001), butchered pigs (35% versus 19%, p < .001) or involved in pork transportation (28% versus 13%, p < .001) were more likely to be affected with jaundice in the preceding 2 years. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, exposure to pigs (odds ratio [OR]: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2–3.9) and age (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.99) was significantly associated with jaundice in the past 2 years. Pigs in Bangladesh demonstrated evidence of HEV infection, and a history of jaundice was significantly more frequent in pig handlers. Identifying and genotyping HEV in pigs and pig handlers may provide further evidence of the pig's role in zoonotic HEV transmission in Bangladesh

Integration of TTF, UTAUT, and ITM for mobile Banking Adoption

The introduction of mobile banking facility has enabled customers to carry out banking transactionswith the use of smartphones and other handheld devices from anywhere. It has become a luxurious and exclusive method of online payments. The recent growth of telecommunication sector and a tremendous increase in mobile USAge has opened new doors for sparking future of banking sector industry. The following research is aimed to find out the mobile banking adoption attitudes with the integration of TTF, UTAUT,and ITM models

An Overview of Weeds and Weed Management in Rice of South Asia

South Asia produces slightly above 225 million tons of rice (30.7% of global production) on 60 million hectares (37.6% of the global area). India and Bangladesh are the major rice-growing countries. India contributes around a quarter of global production from 43 million hectares (the largest rice cultivating area). In South Asia, manually transplanting rice seedlings into flooded soil (TPR) is the common method of rice establishment. But direct-seeded rice (DSR) is gaining importance due to shortage and increased cost of resources. In Sri Lanka 93% of rice is cultivated as wet-seeded rice. However, the weeds are major constraints in DSR causing higher (14 to 100%) than in TPR (7 to 80%). Major rice weeds in South Asia include: Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Echinochloa colona (L.) Link., Cyperus rotundus L., Cyperus iria Linn., Cyperus difformis L., red rice (Oryza sativa L.), Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees, Ischaemum rugosum Salisb., Paspalum distichum L., Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Eleusine indica (L.) Pers., and Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl. Weeds flora was reported to vary with location, method of rice establishment, cultural practices used and associated environment. The small-holders’ traditional weed control method is hand weeding by hand-held hoe and hand pulling. Hand weeding is still a major method of weed control. However, the herbicide use is increasing due to non-availability and increased cost of labour in several of the South Asian countries. Mechanical weeders are being used by farmers as they reduce labor use and cost of weeding (72 to 74%). Tillage, mulching, crop rotation, allelopathic competitive crop cultivars, intercropping, balanced nutrient and water management and preventive measures have proven to be effective as a component of integrated weed management in rice of South Asian countries. Herbicide resistance among weeds in rice was not reported in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan. Herbicide resistant biotypes of E. crus-galli, I. rugosum and C. iria were reported in Sri Lanka. In South Asia, herbicide tolerant rice is yet to be made available to farming community. Weed management research must be focused on identifying location specific effective, environment friendly, economically viable integrated weed management strategies

Awareness of rabies and response to dog bites in a Bangladesh community

Community awareness regarding rabies and treatment seeking behaviours are critical both for the prevention and control of the disease in human and animals. We conducted a study to explore people’s awareness about rabies, their attitudes towards dogs and practices associated with treating dog bites in Satkhira Sadar, a southwestern sub-district of Bangladesh. Of the total 3200 households (HHs) surveyed, the majority of the respondents have heard about rabies (73%) and there was a high level of awareness that dog bite is the main cause of rabies (86%), and that rabies can be prevented by vaccination (85%). However, 59% of the dog bite victims first seek treatment from traditional healers instead of visiting the hospitals, 29% received the rabies vaccine, 2% practiced proper wound washing with soap and water, while 4.8% have not taken any measures. None of the victims have received rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). Of the respondents, 5.2% reported a history of dog bite in at least one family member, and 11.8% reported a history of dog bite in domestic animals during the previous year. The HHs having a higher number of family members (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07–1.2), having a pet dog (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–3.2) and caring or feeding a community dog (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–2.9) showed an increased risk of getting a dog bite. Among the bite victims, 3.6% (n = 6) humans and 15.8% (n = 60) animals died. As a measure for dog population management (DPM), 56% preferred sterilization while the rest preferred killing of dogs. The current treatment seeking behaviours of the respondents should be improved through additional education and awareness programme and better availability for the provision of post-exposure prophylaxis in Bangladesh. We recommend scaling up national mass dog vaccination and DPM to reduce the burden of rabies cases and dog bites in Bangladesh

A Numerical Thermal Analysis of a Battery Pack in an Electric Motorbike Application

Today, electric driven motorbikes (e-motorbikes) are facing multiple safety, functionality and operating challenges, particularly in hot climatic conditions. One of them is the increasing demand for efficient battery cooling to avoid the potential thermal stability concerns due to extreme temperatures and the conventional plastic enclosure of the battery pack. A reliable and efficient thermal design can be formulated by accommodating the battery within an appropriate battery housing supported by a cooling configuration. The proposed design includes a battery pack housing made of high conductive materials, such as copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al), with an adequate liquid cooling system. This study first proposes a potted cooling structure for the e-motorbike battery and numerical studies are carried out for a 72 V, 42 Ah battery pack for different ambient temperatures, casing materials, discharge rates, coolant types, and coolant temperatures. Results reveal that up to 53 °C is achievable with only the Cu battery housing material. Further temperature reduction is possible with the help of a liquid cooling system, and in this case, with the use of coolant temperature of 20◦ C, the battery temperature can be maintained within 28 °C. The analysis also suggests that the proposed cooling system can keep a safe battery temperature up to a 5C rate. The design was also validated for different accelerated driving scenarios. The proposed conceptual design could be exploited in future e-motorbike battery cooling for optimum thermal stability