Democratic Institutions and Variability of Economic Growth in Pakistan: Some Evidence from the Time-series Analysis

This paper explores the empirical association between democracy and per capita output growth in Pakistan using data for the period 1947 to 2006. The findings of the paper indicate a weak negative association between democracy and output growth. Consistent with some current empirical literature, democracy is also found to influence output growth indirectly. The empirical results are robust to different democracy variables and output growth equation specifications. The empirical findings also highlight the role of other variables in determining output growth and, except for rising oil prices, show its positive linkage to physical and human capital, government consumption, openness of trade practices and inflation.Democracy, Growth, Time-series

Evaluating the Customer Satisfaction’s Effect on Murabahah and Mudarabah Financing in Islamic Banking

There are a considerable number of studies on the service quality dimensions of banking industries, but little researches were carried out on the product quality dimensions, and this led to the minimal understanding of the impact of product quality dimensions from the customers’ standpoints, This research sought to identify the impact Islamic banking products (Murabahah and Mudarabah) dimensions on customer satisfaction. The study surveyed Islamic bank customers (users of the Islamic bank’s products in Nigeria) using questionnaires to seek responses, a convenient sampling technique was conducted to reach out to customers, and the use of PLS-SEM 3 was employed for the analysis of the data. The result model shows an R2 value of 0.414 (for Murabahah), which means 41% of the variance in customer satisfaction is explained by the exogenous constructs of perceived quality, cost, convenience and compliance of Murabahah, and R2 value of 0.309 (for Mudarabah) which means 31% of the variance in customer satisfaction is explained by the exogenous constructs of perceived quality, cost, convenience and compliance of Mudarabah. The values of R2 for Murabahah and Mudarabah show that the constructs were moderate in determining the satisfaction level of customers as they produced 0.414 and 0.309 respectively

The Influence of Khat Market on Attainment of Primary Education in Mogadishu, Somalia

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of khat market on attainment of primary education in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design whose purpose is to describe the state of affairs and involves a method of collecting data by interviewing or administering questionnaires to a sample of individuals. The results of the questionnaire were then analyzed with the aid of SPSS. A sample size of 66 respondents of a targeted population of 220 was selected. The study found that there is a negative relationship between khat market and attainment of primary education.From the finding the study recommends that the Ministry of Education, Culture and Higher Education in conjunction with the Ministry of Woman and Human Rights Development should recognize and enforce the right of the child to be protected from economic exploitation at the family level and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s education. And also the study recommended that the Ministry of Education, Culture and Higher Education in conjunction with the school heads should provide special remedial and weekend programmes for school going children. These programmes should incorporate discussions on the impact of khat market on education. Keywords: khat market, selling of khat, awareness level, peer influence, attainment of primary education. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-12-13 Publication date: April 30th 202

Formation of cycloheptyne-dicobalt hexacarbonyl complexes via Nicholas allylation reactions and ring closing metathesis: Intramolecular 2+2+2 and Pauson-Khand reactions on cycloheptyne complexes.

One of the objectives of this thesis was to reduce the formation of vinyl silane side 140a,b,c & 145 products formed in the 4+3 cycloaddition reactions. By employing allyltrimetal nucleophile 149, virtually eliminated or reduced to trace amounts these vinyl silane side products observed earlier. DIBAL reduction and in situ acetylation, followed by exposuere to BF3 afforded cycloheptenyne dicobalt complex 156a,b & 163a, bearing a allyl trimethyl silane functional group and a silyl group at beta-position. The second and major objective of my thesis was to prepare tethered alkenes or alkynes of cycloheptyne dicobalt complexes. Cyloheptyne dicobalt complexes of 187, 188, 215, and 220 bearing an acetoxy group was prepared by ring closing metathesis. These complexes were functionalized easily via Nicholas reactions in high yields. Tethered alkenes did undergo Pauson-Khand reactions with good to excellent yields furnishing 7,5,5 fused ring systems. While the tethered alkynes did undergo 2+2+2 cycloaddition reactions, giving fused 7,6,5 ring systems, with respectable yield. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-11, Section: B, page: 5987. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2005

Hermite-Hadamard, Hermite-Hadamard-Fejer, Dragomir-Agarwal and Pachpatte Type Inequalities for Convex Functions via Fractional Integrals

The aim of this paper is to establish Hermite-Hadamard, Hermite-Hadamard-Fej\'er, Dragomir-Agarwal and Pachpatte type inequalities for new fractional integral operators with exponential kernel. These results allow us to obtain a new class of functional inequalities which generalizes known inequalities involving convex functions. Furthermore, the obtained results may act as a useful source of inspiration for future research in convex analysis and related optimization fields.Comment: 14 pages, to appear in Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematic

A Novel Image Encryption Using an Integration Technique of Blocks Rotation Based on the Magic Cube and the AES Algorithm

In recent years, several encryption algorithms have been proposed to protect digital images from cryptographic attacks. These encryption algorithms typically use a relatively small key space and therefore, provide safe, especially if they are of a dimension. In this paper proposes an encryption algorithm for a new image protection scheme based on the rotation of the faces of a Magic Cube. The original image is divided into six sub-images and these sub-images are divided amongst a number of blocks and attached to the faces of a Magic Cube. The faces are then scrambled using rotation of the Magic Cube. Then the rotated image is fed to the AES algorithm which is applied to the pixels of the image to encrypt the scrambled image. Finally, experimental results and security analysis show that the proposed image encryption scheme not only encrypts the picture to achieve perfect hiding, but the algorithm can also withstand exhaustive, statistical and differential attacks