Replacing conventional energy sources of electricity with solar energy in the UK and Iraq using statistical inference with hypothesis testing

Solar power represents a vast resource which could, in principle meet the world’s needs for lowcarbon power generation many times over. Recent growth in the use of photovoltaic (PV) technology (of around 40% per year) and rapid reduction in its cost (20% per doubling of capacity) has demonstrated the potential of solar power to deliver on a large scale. Energy is a vital resource required for the operation of any business. Currently, the vast majority of businesses use electricity derived for non-renewable fossil fuels, which are expected to run out at its current rate of expenditure and causing substantial environmental damage threatening the future generations. In the UK and Iraq if the current energy source used by small and medium enterprises (SME’s) could be replaced by solar energy then damage to the environment can be prevented. Solar cells involve harnessing the energy from the sun to generate electricity and as such the amount of sunlight hours or solar insulation available in the country is of utmost importance. In this study a methodology has been developed to compare a model micro-business in the UK and Northern Iraq. The comparison shows that using statistically inference the different regions (latitudinally) in Northern Iraq have a reasonable constant supply of solar insulation compared with the U.K which shows that there is more variation and less solar insulation in the more northern regions of the country. Therefore, it is more feasible to replace the existing non-renewable fossil fuel sources with solar cells in all regions of Iraq than the U.K which requires further cost benefit considerations

Reductions in Co2 emissions from electricity generation from solar energy at Sulaymanyah airport in Kurdistan, Iraq

The gradual increase in the earth’s temperature in the last three decades highlights how global warming has become a major concern for the future of our planet. To meet the world’s needs for low CO2 power generation, alternatives to conventional fossil fuels are required. Solar energy is an attractive alternative that represents a vast resource which can be harnessed in all regions of the world. Dependency on fossil fuels to generate electricity in order to match the rapid power demand and increasing populations has resulted in huge pollution and damage to the environment. This paper considers the electricity demand and the amount of CO2 reductions of Sulymaniah International Airport in Kurdistan, Iraq. The cost of replacing a proportion of the conventional fossil fuel power generation with solar energy is first estimated and then theoretical calculations of possible reductions in CO2 emissions are presented

Solar photovoltaic generation potential and plant capactiy in Northern Iraq

Energy is an essential requirement globally, a reliable supply of energy is vital for our modern life; nowadays the majority of the energy supply comes from non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuel. In the last three decades “Global Warming” has increasingly become a major concern for the future of our planet. More dependency and the use of fossil fuel to generate electricity in order to match the rapid power demand due to development of technology and increasing populations have resulted in huge pollution and damage of the environment. The reliance on fossil fuel sources needs to be reduced by efficient energy management and replacement with renewable energy sources. Solar energy photovoltaic cells (PV) have emerged as promising candidates. This study aims to introduce the feasibility and potential of solar electricity generation on the basis of solar radiation data gained from Agro-Meteorological-sub-sector [1], in the Erbil-Northern Iraq region. Analysis using linear regression and insolation data available for the region suggests that significant electricity output can be generated using solar power from available fixed plant areas. The results and the measurement calculations used justify and support clearly the method been utilised in the stud

Energy Management of Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicle Applications

Wireless power transfer is a method of transferring electric power from a transmitter to a receiver without requiring any physical connection between the two. Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) entails having the transmitters buried under the roadway and the receiver unit being installed on the Electric Vehicle (EV). In this method, EVs are charged while driving over the transmitters as they receive bursts of electric energy at the time of significant alignment between transmitters and receivers. Compared to the stationary charging method which involves parking the EV for long hours for a full charge, the dynamic charging method (i.e., DWPT) offers convenience as the vehicle gets charged while driving. It also facilitates extended driving range of EVs. Despite offering these advantages, DWPT causes a few significant issues. DWPT charging results in a transient power profile both at grid side and EV side, which not only hampers grid-side regulation but also affects EV-battery longevity. To address these two issues, both grid-side and EV-side energy management are needed to be employed to protect the grid and the vehicle from sudden exposure to harmful power transients. In this dissertation, the grid-side and EV-side energy management methods have been investigated. Firstly, a detection system to safely detect the vehicle on charging lane is proposed. This detection system is used to facilitate safe and efficient operation of DWPT chargers on EV roadways. Secondly, A novel DWPT system is proposed, which reduces the grid-side power transients with minimal additional hardware requirements. Finally, an EV-side energy management system is proposed which reduces the exposure of EV batteries to pulsating DPWT-power, thereby helping batteries to last longer

Energy analysis for replacing fossil fuel energy source of electricity wtih solar cells in the UK and Kurdistan, Iraq

Energy is a vital resource required for the operation of any business. Currently, the vast majority of businesses use electricity derived for non-renewable fossil fuels, which are expected to run out at its current rate of expenditure and causing substantial environmental damage threatening the future generations. In the UK if the current energy source used by small and medium enterprises (SME’s) could be replaced by solar energy then damage to the environment can be prevented and reduce costs as solar cells become more efficient. Solar cells involve harnessing the energy from the sun to generate electricity. In this study a methodology has been developed to compare a model micro-business in Manchester, UK and Kurdistan, Iraq. The comparison shows quantatively that even though Kurdistan, Iraq is abundant in oil and gas its climatic conditions favour the implementation of solar cells. Therefore, it is more feasible to replace the existing non-renewable fossil fuel sources with solar cells in Iraq due to greater solar radiation striking the earth’s surface. Our research suggests that solar cells can replace a reasonable amount of the energy requirements even in Manchester, UK and a much higher proportion in Kurdistan, Iraq. Using existing 20% efficient silicon solar cells we can replace 28% and 88% of the energy requirements of the micro business in UK and Kurdistan, Iraq respectively

Unveiling the Potential of Big Data Analytics for Transforming Higher Education in Bangladesh; Needs, Prospects, and Challenges

Big Data Analytics has gained tremendous momentum in many sectors worldwide. Big Data has substantial influence in the field of Learning Analytics that may allow academic institutions to better understand the learners needs and proactively address them. Hence, it is essential to understand Big Data and its application. With the capability of Big Data to find a broad understanding of the scientific decision making process, Big Data Analytics (BDA) can be a piece of the answer to accomplishing Bangladesh Higher Education (BHE) objectives. This paper reviews the capacity of BDA, considers possible applications in BHE, gives an insight into how to improve the quality of education or uncover additional values from the data generated by educational institutions, and lastly, identifies needs and difficulties, opportunities, and some frameworks to probable implications about the BDA in BHE sector. Keywords; Big Data Analytics, Learning Analytics, Quality of Education, Challenges, Higher Education, Banglades

Corporate Social Responsibility Practices of Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh: A Case Study on Southeast Bank Ltd.

This paper explores how private commercial banks practices Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Bangladesh in conserved the case of Southeast Bank Ltd.. In keeping with global movement, CSR is being seen as the source of new competition edge for the banking sectors of Bangladesh. Banks’ of Bangladesh practices CSR not only to improve community relations but also as source of significant commercial benefit. Southeast Bank Ltd. practices CSR under the rules and regulation of Bangladesh Bank. The study based on annual report of 2012 of Southeast Bank Ltd. This study shows that Southeast Bank expenses BDT36.85 million in the year 2012 at the area of education, health, community development, environmental issue, art and culture, sports etc..  Nevertheless, bank expenses highest amount in education sector through scholarship program in Bangladesh whereby school, college and university education tuition and expenses have fully paid for unconditionally.   The study can help banking manger’s understand what should be done for the benefits of customers and the community for sustainability.   Keywords - Corporate Social Responsibility, Commercial Bank, Donatio

Significance of immunohistochemistry in accurate characterization of malignant tumors

Background: To determine in a large series of surgical biopsies the role and significance of immunohistochemistry in the adequate and accurate characterization of malignant tumors. Methods: A retrospective study of 20,000 consecutive surgical biopsies reported in the Section of Histopathology, AKU in 2003. Data was obtained by retrieving the filed surgical biopsy reports in the section. Results And Conclusions: Out of the 20,000 biopsies, 6534 (32.67%) were neoplastic. 4726 neoplasms (72.33%) were malignant, and 1808 (27.67%) were benign. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 29.49% of malignant tumors, and 4.97% of benign tumors. Immunos were performed on only 2.82% of routine squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of various organs, and in only 1.9% of infiltrating breast carcinomas, the commonest malignant tumors in females. In contrast, immunos were performed on 97.12% of non-Hodgkin\u27s lymphomas, 97.94% of Hodgkin\u27s lymphomas, 98.09% of malignant spindle cell neoplasms, 87.96% of small round blue cell tumors of childhood, 87.30% of neuroendocrine neoplasms, and 84.37% cases of malignant melanomas. In addition, immunos were performed on all cases of malignant undifferentiated neoplasms and were able to resolve the issue in over 89% of such cases. Immunos were also performed on 54.74% of metastatic tumors. Lymph nodes were the commonest organs on which immunos were performed i.e. 96.50% of lymph node tumors, followed by CNS and renal neoplasms with 33.01% and 25.92% respectively