Bacteriophage as a Novel Antibacterial Agent in Industry and Medicine

Bacteriophage is a kind of virus that infect bacteria, and is distinct from the animal and plant viruses that could have either lytic or lysogenic cycle. Lytic phages known as candidates for phage therapy, since they rapidly replicate into their host and lyse them. Theoretically, phages have more than a few benefits over routine antibiotics. They are extremely specific and for their targeted hosts and also are safe for human, because they have no activity against eukaryote cells. Over this time, phages were used to treat various infections. Although, phages have a lot of advantages against antibiotics, their industrial production as a commercial production have been ceased in most of the western European countries.These days, by raising of antibiotics resistance and inefficiency of antibiotic to overcome bacteria biofilm,  there is renewed global attention in phage applications as a potentially powerful antibacterial agents. Different published paper through the world indicates bacteriophage could be recruited as suitable agent for therapeutic purposes in medicine and food industry. Therefore, here we tried to review most of these ideas about phage application as a rapid review

Comparing the efficiency of four diagnostic concentration techniques performed on the same group of intestinal parasites

Background: Intestinal parasites are a major public health problem, and their accurate diagnosis is important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficiency of four concentration techniques for the detection of intestinal parasites under laboratory conditions.Methods: A total of 800 suspension specimens including 200 samples for each technique were simultaneously and parallel processed for comparing the diagnostic efficiency of the formalin-tween (FTC), formalin-ether (FEC), formalin-acetone (FAC), and formalin-gasoline concentration (FGC) techniques.Results: Sensitivity of FTC, FEC, FAC, and FGC techniques for diagnosis of intestinal parasites was 71.7%, 55.8%, 70.0% and 56.7%; and their negative predictive values (NPV) were 70.2%, 60.2%, 69.0% and 60.6%, respectively. FTC and FAC techniques with equivalent recovery rates were significantly more sensitive than FEC and FGC techniques for diagnosing helminth ova, but for diagnosis of protozoan cysts they were reversed. Overall diagnostic k agreement for FTC and FAC techniques was substantial, while for FEC and FGC techniques it was moderate. The k statistic indicated low to moderate agreement for diagnosis of helminths and moderate to substantial agreement for protozoa.Conclusion: Tween, acetone and gasoline reagents are more stable, safer, less flammable and of lower cost than that of ether; and promise to be a useful alternative to ether- concentration. Our results demonstrated that the combined use of parasitological techniques is important for the diagnosis of all intestinal parasites. FTC and FGC techniques are superior for the diagnosis of helminth ova and protozoan cysts in stool, respectively. Additional studies are suggested, using a larger sample size and different parasites in the field.Keywords: Concentration technique, Diagnosis, Intestinal parasite, Sensitivity, NPV, FAC, FTC, FEC, FG

Pathology of the new curriculum of electrotechnical field of the technical and vocational education branch (Case study:Yazd province)

Background and Objective:  One of the most important parts of the educational system of any country is its technical and vocational education, and this type of education is one of the basic policies of countries to train skilled and semi-skilled efficient manpower. Training of human resources in order to develop efficient and effective human resources is one of its important tasks. The role of technical and vocational education in comparison with theoretical education is very vital in the sense that it provides the manpower needed by countries at the pre-university level. Because the main core of technical and vocational education and skills training is the relationship between these trainings and the labor market. Since there is an increasing possibility of development in the sectors of industry, agriculture and services in the country, education and training of human resources in the technical and professional fields is one of the basic requirements of the country's development. As stated in the report of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for sustainable development, human-centered development and the key to it is technical and vocational education. The purpose of this study was to pathology of the new curriculum of electrotechnical field of the technical and vocational education branch. Methods:  This research is practical in purpose and is done using the mixed-research method. The statistical population includes all of the educational managers, electrotechnical teachers and 11th grade students of electrotechnical field in Yazd province at the academic year 96-97. A census method was used to select the quantitative part sample and the qualitative part sample selected with a purposive sampling method. In order to gather data, three researcher-made questionnaires, observation and semi-structured interview was used. The questionnaires’s validity was confirmed by 4 professors. Theirs reliability was obtained by Cronbach’s alpha method and confirmed. data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings:The results showed that the electrotechnical new curriculum was estimated relatively desirable from the viewpoint of educational managers and students and relatively undesirable from the viewpoint of teachers. But the workshop equipment and educational facilities, the teachers’ awareness of the upper documents and guidances and in-service course educations was estimated relatively undesirable. Also the instructional time, students’learning activities and students’ readiness from the viewpoint of the teachers was estimated relatively undesirable. Conclusion: In the present study, the new curriculum of technical and vocational education of secondary school in the field of electrotechnics in Yazd province was studied both in terms of Klein curriculum elements and other influential elements. Then, based on qualitative observations and interviews, the current situation of each component was described and some of the most important causes of injury in each component were mentioned.   ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS  ©2019 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.  ====================================================================================

EFFECTS OF SELF-REGULATED-ASSESSMENT LEARNING STRATEGIES AS LEARNING AND INTERACTING WITH FAMILIES ON SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT AND SELF-CONCEPT MATH GIRLS STUDENTS IN THIRD GRADE

Abstract The Main objective Determining the effect of training of self-regulation strategies, assessment as learning and interacting with the families on self-concept and students' academic achievement in mathematics and comparing the effectiveness of these methods with each other. The study sample consisted of all female students of third grade in the middle schools of Arak city in academic year of 2011-2012, including 171 classes accounting for over 5094 students enrolled in this city. In this study, four subjects groups (three experimental groups and one control group) were needed. Since the selected sample in each group included 31-38 subjects, and the total sample consisted of 137 female students in the third grade of middle school, the current study is considered as a semiexperimental study. Analysis of data showed that the training of assessment components as learning can increase the self-concept and academic achievement in math in female students in the third grade of middles school. Based on collected data analysis on the second research hypothesis, suggesting "training self-regulation strategies increases the self-concept and academic achievement in mathematics of female students", the second research hypothesis was also confirmed. As a conclusion, assessment as learning can have a great impact on academic achievement and self-concept of the students. In fact, this type of assessment has gone far beyond the assessment for learning, since the assessment for learning is an educational tool that not only monitors the students' learning and control to, but also increases the evaluation of learning

Analysis of methodological and executive context of master's dissertations of instructional technology field

This study, master's dissertation of instructional technology were analyzed in point of methodological and executive context. Research methodology was content analysis and all master's dissertations of the public universities of Iran were selected. The total study population was selected as a sample (279dissertations were selected from Alameh Tabtabaei, Kharazmi and Arak University). Results indicate that master's dissertations of instructional technology has been conducted with positivist paradigm and relayed on quantitative approach, and the most methods that were used include experimental, survey, correlation and content analysis. Executive context analysis indicated that the most of researches have been carried out at the universities and schools, and other contexts such as industries and business have rarely been considered

Designing and Comparative Analysis of Personality Traits profile of Smoking and Non-Smoking Students of Tehran Universities

The present study aimed to investigate the personality traits of student cigarette smoking Attending Universities in Tehran and compare it with the personality traits of the non - smoking group. This study was conducted on the one hand, a descriptive survey type to describe the profile of personality traits of boy student’s smokers(32 Person) and on the other hand, with the aim of comparing it with the profile of normal students in the country, except for post- event research. To measure personality traits, the 16- factor (16PF) Cattell test and for analyzing and comparing features. Was used with descriptive statistics and t- test, is used. The findings of this study showed that there are significant differences between 16 factors and personality traits in 12 factors among smokers and non- smoking students. These findings can indicate the role of personality traits in the tendency and prediction of these individuals for smoking. They can also be used for devising comprehensive prevention plans in addition to reducing damage and moving towards better living and increased empowerment

Synthesis and characterization of Sm2(MoO4)3, Sm2(MoO4)3/GO and Sm2(MoO4)3/C3N4 nanostructures for improved photocatalytic performance and their anti-cancer the MCF-7 cells

Samarium molybdate nanoparticles (Sm2(MoO4)3) were prepared through a hydrothermal procedure and were used to form various composites with graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nitride (C3N4). The changes in the dimensions and morphology of the products were prepared using template agents like cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (�90), Triton X-100 (90), Polyvinyl alcohol (95), Ethylene glycol (�99), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). DRS analysis indicated band gap for the Sm2(MoO4), Sm2(MoO4)3/GO, and Sm2(MoO4)3/C3N4 as 3.75, 3.15, and 3.4 respectively. The characteristics of the prepared nanostructures were studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the activity of the prepared Sm2(MoO4)3 as photo-catalysts for the degradation of different organic dyes such as methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), and rhodamine B (Rh B) was evaluated. The photocatalytic property of Sm2(MoO4)3/C3N4 and Sm2(MoO4)3/GO for the degradation of MO, was obtained. Based on the empirical data Sm2(MoO4)3/C3N4 had the strongest photodegradation effect as compared to the other compounds tested after around 40 min. BET analysis revealed that the specific surface area of the Sm2(MoO4)3 nanocomposite prepared using C3N4 is 15 times that of in the absence of C3N4. Also, the cytotoxicity of synthesized samples was evaluated using MTT assay against human cell lines MCF-7 (cancer), and its IC50 was about 125 mg/L. © 202

A modified sensitive carbon paste electrode for 5-fluorouracil based using a composite of praseodymium erbium tungstate

This paper describes the modification of a modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) using nanoparticles of praseodymium erbium tungstate (Pr:Er). The modified electrode was used for the sensitive voltammetric detection of an anticancer drug (5-fluorouracil (5-FU)) using. The modified-CPE was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the resulting data showed the irreversible 5-fluorouracil oxidation peak around 1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Some key parameters such as pH, the amount of the modifier, potential amplitude, step potential and frequency were studied and optimized. The square wave voltammetry (SWV) analytical calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.01�50 μM, with a detection limit of 0.98 nM analyses. The electron transfer coefficient (α) was also determined to be 0.76. The analyte concentration was also determined in pharmaceutical formulations and recovery percentages were found to be in the range of 96�102. The sensor had good reproducibility and repeatability with acceptable RSD values of 3.6, and 1.02 and a rather long-term stability of around one month. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were also characterized using FESEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. © 2020 Elsevier B.V

Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions: A powerful tool for analysis of the diversity of wheat genotypes

137-143Wheat is a widely cultivated crop and it is one of the major food sources worldwide. Among the various tools used to study diversity of wheat species, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) assessment emerges to be the more appropriate approach. In the present study, we evaluated 15 genotypes of Iranian wheat cultivars (wild, native, and breed) using ITS gene sequences. Similarity matrices and dendrogram of phylogenic relationship were constructed using Mega ver6 software. We report the major nucleotide changes in the same position between diploid and hexaploid species. dN/dS ratio for diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species indicated a pure selection in the examined gene, with no key changes in the genes, and 91% ITS diversity within individual wheat was evident. The results suggest that as evolution moves forward, nucleotide changes are reduced so that only a few changes in nucleotides occur. ITS marker can distinguish different wheat genotypes at the genomic level and thus prove to be the most appropriate assessment tool for analyzing inter and intra-species relationships

Specific fluorometric assay for direct determination of amikacin by molecularly imprinting polymer on high fluorescent g-C 3 N 4 quantum dots

Here, a specific and reliable fluorometric method for the rapid determination of amikacin was developed based on the molecularly imprinting polymer (MIP) capped g-C 3 N 4 quantum dots (QDs). g-C 3 N 4 QDs were obtained by facile and one-spot ethanol-thermal treatment of bulk g-C 3 N 4 powder and showed a high yield fluorescence emission under UV irradiation. The MIP layer was also created on the surface on QDs, via usual self-assembly process of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) functional monomers and tetraethyl ortho-silicate (TEOS) cross linker in the presence of amikacin as template molecules. The synthesized MIP-QDs composite showed an improved tendency toward the amikacin molecules. In this state, amikacin molecules located adjacent to the g-C 3 N 4 QDs caused a remarkable quenching effect on the fluorescence emission intensity of QDs. This effect has a linear relationship with amikacin concentration and so, formed the basis of a selective assay to recognize amikacin. Under optimized experimental conditions, a linear calibration graph was obtained as the quenched emission and amikacin concentration, in the range of 3�400 ng mL �1 (4.4�585.1 nM) with a detection limit of 1.2 ng mL �1 (1.8 nM). The high selectivity of MIP sites as well as individual fluorescence properties of g-C 3 N 4 QDs offers a high specific and sensitive monitoring method for drug detection. The method was acceptably applied for the measurement of amikacin in biological samples. © 2019 Elsevier B.V