Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Tingkat Kepatuhan Membayar Zakat: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Bogor

Poverty is one of major problems faced by Indonesia. The economic crisis occured within the country and around the world has lengthened the poverty disaster attacking Indonesia. To overcome these problems, zakat is likely to be an alternative solution that can be utilized by government. Zakat is a means legalized by Islam in capital formation. Capital formation is not solely based on utilization and development of natural resources, but also from obligatory contributions of the rich. Zakat is also playing significant role in improving the quality of human resources and the provision of facilities and infrastructure of production. The potential zakat of Indonesia exceeds Rp 217 trillion, but in reality the absorption of zakat funds reached Rp 1.5 trillion in 2010. The huge gap between the potential and the actual collection of zakat indicates that there are some Muslims who are less motivated to pay zakat. The purpose of this study is to identify factors that affect compliance level of paying zakat, and to identify the dominant factors, in order to more easily create optimal policy. Results from this study are expected to help increase acceptance of zakat, both at central and regional levels. Data is collected through a survey of 100 respondents in Bogor regency. The analytical method used is factor analysis. The program used to analyze the data is SPSS Statistics 17 for Windows. From these results, it is known that factors affecting willingness to pay the zakat are: religious factors, such as faith, religious understanding, and rewards; and other factors such as social awareness, self-satisfaction, and organizations. This also gives guidance that in order to increase zakat revenue, emphasis not only on religious aspect, but also on social, self-satisfaction, and organization aspects is very important. Among the variables that affect compliance level of paying zakat is the role of amil organization (OPZ). OPZ professionalism can strengthen regularity of zakat payer to pay zakat at OPZ. Improving the quality of OPZ in terms of transparency, socialization, and administration, will significantly affect the preferences of zakat payers to fufill their obligation at the amil institutions

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Tingkat Kepatuhan Membayar Zakat: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Bogor

Poverty is one of major problems faced by Indonesia. The economic crisis occured within the country and around the world has lengthened the poverty disaster attacking Indonesia. To overcome these problems, zakat is likely to be an alternative solution that can be utilized by government. Zakat is a means legalized by Islam in capital formation. Capital formation is not solely based on utilization and development of natural resources, but also from obligatory contributions of the rich. Zakat is also playing significant role in improving the quality of human resources and the provision of facilities and infrastructure of production. The potential zakat of Indonesia exceeds Rp 217 trillion, but in reality the absorption of zakat funds reached Rp 1.5 trillion in 2010. The huge gap between the potential and the actual collection of zakat indicates that there are some Muslims who are less motivated to pay zakat. The purpose of this study is to identify factors that affect compliance level of paying zakat, and to identify the dominant factors, in order to more easily create optimal policy. Results from this study are expected to help increase acceptance of zakat, both at central and regional levels. Data is collected through a survey of 100 respondents in Bogor regency. The analytical method used is factor analysis. The program used to analyze the data is SPSS Statistics 17 for Windows. From these results, it is known that factors affecting willingness to pay the zakat are: religious factors, such as faith, religious understanding, and rewards; and other factors such as social awareness, self-satisfaction, and organizations. This also gives guidance that in order to increase zakat revenue, emphasis not only on religious aspect, but also on social, self-satisfaction, and organization aspects is very important. Among the variables that affect compliance level of paying zakat is the role of amil organization (OPZ). OPZ professionalism can strengthen regularity of zakat payer to pay zakat at OPZ. Improving the quality of OPZ in terms of transparency, socialization, and administration, will significantly affect the preferences of zakat payers to fufill their obligation at the amil institutions

In Vitro Assessment of the Anti-Proliferative and Anti-Viability Effects of Salivary Gland Extracts from Hyalomma ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Background: The saliva and salivary glands of ticks possess a wide range of immuno-pharmacologically active mole­cules that effectively modulate the activity of enzymes, antibodies, and amines that have a role in different biological processes. Derived components from saliva and salivary glands of hard ticks Ixodidae have been characterized as poten­tial natural sources for discovering promising anti-cancer drug candidates. Methods: The anti-cancer activity of salivary gland extracts (SGEs) from Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma drome­darii, Hyalomma marginatum, and Hyalomma schulzei was assessed. MTT assays and flow cytometry were done on the HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line to evaluate the anti-viability and proliferative inhibition. Results: Based on the MTT assay results, the SGEs from Hy. dromedarii had the highest and lowest substantial anti-viability effects on the HT-29 cancer cell and human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) normal cell, respectively. The cytometric assessment revealed a significant increase in the apoptosis and necrosis ratio of the HT-29 cancer cells after treatment with Hy. dromedarii SGEs. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that Hy. dromedarii SGEs have significant anti-proliferative, anti-viability, and apoptotic potential. The result of this study suggests that Hy. dromedarii SGEs is an appropriate candidate for further investigations to identify and purify the mechanisms and molecules involved in the anti-cancer activity of the SGEs

Tick Ectoparasites of Animals in Borderline of Iran-Iraq and Their Role on Disease Transmission

Background: Since ticks are potent vectors of various diseases, identification of these species are clinically important to protect the public health and control veterinary problems in the communities. We aimed to figure out the frequency of ticks on cows, goats, sheep, lambs, turtles and also obscure hosts in Kurdistan Province, bordered with Iraq June 2012 to May 2013. Methods: The hosts were selected randomly and examined individually for tick infestation. In case of infestation, ticks were collected using forceps and then preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. All collected specimens were preserved in tubes and relative information was recorded and then identified based on morphological characteristics. Results: Totally, 1209 ticks were collected. The prevalence of ticks on cows, sheep, goats, lambs, turtles, poultry and obscure hosts was 11.33%, 55.41%, 6.53%, 5.95%, 0.9%, 8.02% and 11.82% respectively. The mean number of ticks on each animal was 1.6. Number of 5 genera, including Rhipicephalus, Argas, Ornithodoros, Hyalomma and Haem­aphysalis and 9 species; including R. sanguineus (60.05%), R. bursa (0.08), Hy. anatolicum (12.33), Hy. asiaticum (1.49), Hy. aegyptium (0.91), Hy. marginatum (0.08), Haemaphysalis parva (4.22), Hyalomma sp. (0.99), Orni­thodoros lahorensis (11.83), and Argas persicus (8.02) were identified. Conclusion: The most abundant species in this study area was Rh. sanguineus (60.05%). Due to high prevalence of tick specimens and a variety of collected species from sheep (55.41%), the vaccination of sheep and control of tick vectors are recommended

The Impact of opium consumption on blood glucose, serum lipids and blood pressure, and related mechanisms

AbstractAim: Substance abuse has become a universal crisisin our modern age. Among illegal substances, opium and its derivatives have been ranked second in terms of usage after cannabis in the world. In many Asian regions, the use of opium enjoys a high social acceptance; hence, some common people and even medical practitioners believe that opium lowers blood glucose and pressure and treat dyslipidemia. How much this belief is scientifically justified? Method: The results of available studies on both humans and animals searched in different search engines up to mid-2016 were integrated (77 articles). Upon the findings we try to offer a more transparent picture of the effects of opium on the mentioned factors along with the probable underlying mechanisms of its action. Results: Taken together, a variety of evidences suggest that the consumption of opium has no scientific justification for amendment of these biochemical variables. The mechanisms proposed so far for the action of opium in the three above disorders are summarized at the end of the article. Short term effects seems to be mostly mediated through central nervous system (neural and hormonal mechanisms), but long term effects are often due to the structural and functional alterations in some body organs. Conclusion: Although opium may temporarily reduce blood pressure, but it increases blood glucose and most of blood lipids. Moreover its long term use has negative impacts and thus it aggravates diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Accordingly, it is necessary to inform societies about the potential disadvantages of unauthorized opium consumption