Quantitative assessment of human contribution to risk in nuclear power plants

It is known from operation history of nuclear power plants (NPPs) that human factors considerations and human reliability analysis (HRA) are necessary for complete safety analysis of NPPs. HRA is usually performed to estimate the influence of human errors on the unavailability of various safety systems of NPPs;The objective of this work is to assess quantitatively the human contribution to the unavailability of those safety systems involved in the S(,2)C accident sequence. S(,2)C sequence is defined as a small loss of coolant accident (LOCA) and core meltdown after containment failure. This sequence is selected for this study because it makes a significant contribution to risk. In order to do that, gross operator error rates were estimated using past experience in the operation of pressurized water reactors (PWR) for the failure mode involving valves in those systems in the S(,2)C sequence. These systems are the containment spray injection system (CSIS), the containment spray recirculation system (CSRS), the containment heat removal system (CHRS) and the sodium hydroxide addition system (SHAS). The information was extracted from the licensee event reports (LERs). Appropriate statistical methods were used to estimate the error rates and the unavailabilities of those systems. A comparison was made with other estimates reported in other sources. Sources used were the Handbook of Human Reliability Analysis with Emphasis on NPP Applications (NUREG/CR-1278) and the Reactor Safety Study (WASH-1400). The estimated error rates from these sources were used to analyze the modified fault trees for the CSIS and CHRS systems. Fault tree analysis (FTA) is commonly used in reliability analysis and probabilistic risk assessment (PRA). The reliability analysis of the CSIS and CHRS was carried out by means of a fault tree methodology using the PREP and KITT-1 codes. It was found that the unavailability, Q, estimated using LERs for the two systems is comparable to that obtained using the other two sources of data

Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Ride Sharing Organization for Transferable and Non-Transferable Services

Ride-sharing allows multiple persons to share their trips together in one vehicle instead of using multiple vehicles. This can reduce the number of vehicles in the street, which consequently can reduce air pollution, traffic congestion and transportation cost. However, a ride-sharing organization requires passengers to report sensitive location information about their trips to a trip organizing server (TOS) which creates a serious privacy issue. In addition, existing ride-sharing schemes are non-flexible, i.e., they require a driver and a rider to have exactly the same trip to share a ride. Moreover, they are non-scalable, i.e., inefficient if applied to large geographic areas. In this paper, we propose two efficient privacy-preserving ride-sharing organization schemes for Non-transferable Ride-sharing Services (NRS) and Transferable Ride-sharing Services (TRS). In the NRS scheme, a rider can share a ride from its source to destination with only one driver whereas, in TRS scheme, a rider can transfer between multiple drivers while en route until he reaches his destination. In both schemes, the ride-sharing area is divided into a number of small geographic areas, called cells, and each cell has a unique identifier. Each driver/rider should encrypt his trip's data and send an encrypted ride-sharing offer/request to the TOS. In NRS scheme, Bloom filters are used to compactly represent the trip information before encryption. Then, the TOS can measure the similarity between the encrypted trips data to organize shared rides without revealing either the users' identities or the location information. In TRS scheme, drivers report their encrypted routes, an then the TOS builds an encrypted directed graph that is passed to a modified version of Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm to search for an optimal path of rides that can achieve a set of preferences defined by the riders

Treatment of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater using Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor

The project is to study the treatment of petroleum refinery's wastewater using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, and the experiment was carried out in a laboratory scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) with a volume of 5 liters. The study of removal efficiency of COD and alkalinity has been studied in addition to the volatile fatty acid (VFA) and methane gas collection. In this study the UASB was used for treating wastewater from a petroleum refinery, where the current system used at the refinery is activated sludge system. The UASB was able to achieve an average of 70% removal of COD with an effluent concentration of 90 mg/l, 30% removal of alkalinity, whereas the influent concentration of COD is average of 450 mg/l. The experiment was conducted under different hydraulic retention times (HRT), starting with 5 days hydraulic retention time, and then changed to 4 days HRT to check the removal efficiencies under different condition. At 4 days HRT the highest removal efficiency for the COD was obtained and the reactor had acted significantly. Finally the HRT was changed into 3 days HRT, and more test results were conducted for more analysis and investigation

The Development Of A Mobile Services System: A Case Study For University Inn

The mobile device and the emergence of wireless technologies are rapidly increasing. Firm adopted mobile devices and wireless technologies are adopted in order to assist and improve their business performances. With mobile commerce (M-commerce) technology, mobile ticketing, booking reservation and all other services possible to be done on mobile, service will be possible anywhere at any time. This research aimed to study the needed of the university INN to do all the services and/or add some services to be done on mobile application. There are many new international student come to UUM every semester, some of them choose the University INN to live in it through the study time. University INN provide several services to the student they live on it or not, like a travel from UUM to Penang and KL, reservation airline ticket, other kind of services such as room maintenance. This research will provide a prototype that allow the student to check all of these services through the WAP application, this allow students to check if there are rooms available to book it, check the important service like the maintenance services to the room, available travel and reservation a ticket. This will allow the student to check these services in anywhere and anytime

THE IMPACT OF USING ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS ON THE QUALITY OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SUBMITTED TO THE INCOME AND SALES TAX DEPARTMENT IN JORDAN

This study aim to demonstrate the use of the accounting information systems’ impact on the quality of financial statements submitted to the Income Tax and Sales department in Jordan and the impact of such use, where Income Tax and Sales department works to collect tax money and auditing on tax payers in order to supply the state treasury with public revenues, a questionnaire consists of fourteen questions was designed by the researcher to measure the impact of the use of accounting information systems on the quality of financial statements submitted to the department, this questionnaire was distributed on 50 accountants who work in the department, all distributed questionnaires were retrieved, arithmetic mean and standard deviation have been extracted to describe the answers of the study sample, Cronbach's alpha test was used to measure the stability of measurement tool and also simple linear regression test was also used to test the hypothesis of the study. The study found that there is a presence of an impact when using the accounting information systems on the quality of financial statements submitted to the Income Tax and sales Department in Jordan, the study recommends to focus on the development of the devices used in the department, train and development of the staff on an ongoing basis to enable them to continue to perform their jobs and improve the quality of financial statements in the department

The Importance of Virtual Enterprise Systems in Times of Crisis

Virtual enterprise systems are noticeably expanding, which shortly will reveal a substantial impact on the traditional organizational model. The illustration of the major challenges and the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of the virtual enterprise systems implementation will help other organizations to adopt the virtual enterprise systems efficiently and take advantage of this novel virtual cloud computing revolution especially in times of crises such as Covid-19. This research identifies the top ten CSFs that contribute in delivering a successful virtual enterprise systems implementation. A survey instrument was distributed to 50 enterprises that currently using virtual enterprise systems. The research outcomes indicate positive and significant relationship between eight CSFs and the virtual enterprise systems implementation. However, only two factors demonstrate positive and insignificant correlation. Overall, the results of this study show a notable impact of the CSFs on the virtual enterprise systems implementation. 

Enhancing the Decisions of the Ministry of Water Resources in Iraq: The Role of Human Resources and Technology

Introduction Email communication in the administrative field represents an essential means for making sound administrative decisions. It is a necessity for achieving individual collaboration (fahmi&ali, 2022). Continuous interaction with the institutional environment, where challenges are significant, such as competition and change, has become a part of customers' work styles and trends today. Technological changes lead successful organizations to make changes in their administrative processes to adapt to the environment (putra&ali, 2022). As change and development occur permanently, there is a need for new communication and development methods (Haitao, 2021) to increase efficiency, effectiveness, success, and organizational development. Today, electronic communications are one of the important and indispensable resources for making administrative decisions. The communication process is closely related in human interaction to achieve communication, transfer, and exchange of information, events, and experiences.   Electronic communications are considered essential within the organization. Instructions and guidance cannot be conveyed and passed to employees effectively without a proper network. An efficient network helps employees understand and comprehend their rights, duties, and roles, increasing the productivity and effectiveness of the organization (Lertpiromsuk, 2022). The communication process in administrative departments is like a thread that connects different departments and serves as a means of direction and connection between employees in public and private institutions (Chelladurai, & Kim, 2022)

Ways to activate and improve job empowerment among academic leader’s in Iraqi universities

The study aimed to explore strategies for enhancing and augmenting job empowerment levels among academic leaders in Jordanian universities. The research followed a qualitative approach, wherein the researcher conducted interviews with 15 academic career leaders from this group. These strategies encompassed several aspects: Facilitating administrative communication to bridge the gap between university administration and academic leadership while accommodating individual desires, needs, and preferences. Leveraging modern tools and methods for job empowerment. Empowering self-management through the formation of a dedicated team to make informed decisions. Fostering a positive work environment to enhance personal and professional equilibrium. Actively seeking and implementing feedback mechanisms, a critical requirement for Jordanian universities. The interview results produced seven recommendations to activate and enhance empowerment among academic leaders: Introducing university academic leaders to pertinent laws and regulations while providing training for their effective implementation. Conducting regular assessments of the empowerment experience to identify shortcomings and communicate them to staff. Acknowledging and celebrating the successes of employees