Perilaku Penawaran Peternak Sapi di Indonesia dalam Merespon Perubahan Harga (Supply Behaviour Of Cattle Farmers In Indonesia To Respond The Price Changes)

Demand for beef in Indonesia keeps growing and it leads to increased gap between its low production and high consumption (excess demand). The impact is an increasing trend of domestic beef price. Eventhough, the beef farmers in Indonesia don't respond to the price changes. In this study, an attempt has been made to examine the supply response of beef farmers in Indonesia by using Error Correction Model (ECM). The result showed that (1) the beef supply influenced by the number of cattle cut which is variable availability; (2) the price of dairy milk, the price of feed, and the price of beef the world have negative influence; (3) cattle farmers not responsive to the price change as spatially subsistence

Synthesis and characterization of new 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo- and naphtho-1,3-oxazine derivatives

New 1,3-benzoxazine and naphthoxazine monomers were synthesized using a modified step-wise technique in which formaldehyde was replaced with methylene bromide for ring-closure reaction in the last synthetic step. Salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde were used as the aromatic aldehydes and 4-fluoroaniline, 4-butylaniline, hexamethylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine and 2-aminothiazole were used as the primary amines. Condensation of the aromatic aldehydes and the aromatic primary amines in absolute ethanol gives imine compounds which on reduction with sodium borohydride in methanol give 2-hydroxybenzylamines/2-hydroxynaphthylamines. Ring-closure reaction between 2-hydroxybenzylamines/2-hydroxynaphthylamines and methylene bromide in absolute ethanol gives the 1,3-benzoxazines and naphthoxazines in good yields. The structures of the new 1,3-benzoxazine and naphthoxazine monomers were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral analysis, Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and elemental analysis. The mass spectrum of the synthesized compounds showed molecular ion peaks centered at m/z 229, 218, 316, 317, 444 and 268 which are equivalent to the molecular weights of the new synthesized compounds a, b, c, d, e and f, respectively. Results of elemental analysis also confirm the calculated result to be in agreement with the experimental result

Factors associated with physical inactivity among school-going adolescents: data from the Malaysian School-Based Nutrition Survey 2012

The importance of physical activity to health is well recognized. Good health habits should begin from a young age. This article aims to explore physical activity among Malaysian school adolescents and factors associated with it. Data from the Malaysian School-Based Nutrition Survey (MSNS), comprising a nationally representative sample of school-going children aged 10 to 17 years, were used. The overall prevalence of physically inactive adolescents was 57.3%. Age in years (adjusted odds ratio = 1.2; 95% confidence interval = 1.16-1.23), gender - females (adjusted odds ratio = 2.9; 95% confidence interval = 2.66-3.10), afternoon school session, breakfast consumption (no breakfast and irregular breakfast), body mass index status (obese and underweight), and body weight perception (underweight perceivers) were significant factors associated with physical inactivity among Malaysian adolescents. Thus, there is evidence that programs to promote physical activity in this group should consider the combination of the aforementioned factors at the household, school, and community levels

Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Covid-19 Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

Introduction: Covid-19 is an infectious disease that first appeared in the city of Wuhan, China, and was caused by SARS-CoV-2. This literature review aims to identify risk factors for the occurrence of Covid-19 in patients with type 2 DM. Methods: Analytical descriptive literature review design. Data obtained through article search results using five electronic databases namely Pubmed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar identified 10,951 articles with a total sample of 5,464,617 respondents. The analysis uses a map of the extracted data in a grid synthesis table including author, year of publication, country, purpose, sample, design, duration, results, and conclusions of the study. Results: The six articles identified in this review showed that one study reported risk of developing COVID-19 in patients with type 2 diabetes 1,369 times, one study 2,180 times, one study 4.7 times, and another study up to 16.5 times. Patients who are male and aged 53 years have a risk of 1.395 times higher than those who are younger and female. Conclusion: Patients with type 2 diabetes have a significantly higher risk of contracting Covid-19 compared to people without diabetes, especially in patients aged 53 years and male.Pendahuluan: Covid-19 merupakan penyakit menular yang muncul pertama kali di kota Wuhan China dan disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2. Tujuan mengidentifikasi faktor risiko terjadinya Covid-19 pada penderita DM tipe 2. Metode: Deskriptif analitis desain literature review. Data diperoleh melalui hasil pencarian artikel menggunakan lima database eletronik yaitu Pubmed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library dan Google Scholar diidentifikasi 10.951 artikel dengan jumlah sampel keseluruhan 5.464.617 responden. Analisis menggunakan peta data yang diekstraksi dalam tabel sintesis grid termasuk penulis, tahun publikasi, negara, tujuan, sampel, desain, durasi, hasil dan kesimpulan penelitian. Hasil: Enam artikel teridentifikasi dalam tinjauan ini menunjukkan bahwa, satu studi melaporlakan risiko terjadinya Covid-19 pada penderita DM tipe 2 sebesar 1.369 kali, satu studi 2,180 kali, satu studi 4.7 kali, dan satu studi lainnya hingga16.5 kali. Pasien yang berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan berusia ≥53 tahun memiliki risiko sebesar 1,395 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan orang yang berusia lebih muda dan berjenis kelamin perempuan. Kesimpulan: bahwa penderita DM tipe 2 secara signifikan memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terkena Covid-19 dibandingkan dengan orang yang tidak memiliki penyakit diabetes, terutama pada pasien yang berusia ≥53 tahun dan berjenis kelamin laki-laki

Acquisition of a talent pool: AK Venture story

Ninety per cent of world trade has been delivered by maritime. The significant role played by the maritime industry is undoubtedly crucial for world economic growth and prosperity. Therefore, AK Ventures had been chosen to portrait the dynamics of maritime management and operations. AK Ventures is unique because the company is only focused on Maritime, but they also diversified in other sectors in economic such as education (AK Academy), tourism (AK Travel) and property management (AK Property). Due to the vast activities of AK Ventures they can still perform well in all sectors with the minimum human resources and also the span of management of AK Ventures is not a so-called dynamic organisation but somewhat centralised management whereby the focus and the power of authority lie under one or two individuals. From the case it can be observed that AK Ventures does not have any proper strategic planning and human capital and retention plan. However, it can still perform with the full satisfied human resources (base on the interviews). This is very contrary to the human resource management studies. The focus of this case is on human resources planning, retaining, training and development of AK Academy. Applications of those theories and strategies are paramount in understanding, analysing, concluding and solving of the teaching notes

Acquisition of a talent pool: AK venture story

Ninety percent of world trade has been delivered by maritime.The significant role played by maritime industry is undoubtedly crucial for the world economic growth and prosperity.Therefore, AK Ventures had been chosen to portrait the dynamics of maritime management and operations.Ak Ventures is unique because the company is only focus on Maritime but they also diversified in other sectors in economic such as education (AK Academy) tourism (AK Travel) and property management (AK Property).Due to the vast activities of AK Ventures they can still perform will in all sectors with the minimum human resources and also the span of management of AK Venture is not so called dynamic organization but rather a centralized management whereby the focus and the power of authority lies under one or two individual.From the case it can be observed that AK Venture doesn't have any proper strategic planning and human capital and retention plan.However, it can still perform with the full satisfied human resources (base on the interviews).This is very in contrary with the human resource management studies. The focus of this case is on human resources planning, retaining, training and development of AK Academy.Applications of those theories and strategies are paramount in understanding, analyzing, concluding and solving of the teaching notes

Expression of segment a of infectious bursal disease virus in pichia pastoris

Recombinant plasmid containing segment A open reading frame 2 (ORF2) gene of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) of a very virulent subtype from local outbreak (strain 3529/92) was constructed. The gene encoding the IBDV structural polyprotein (N-VP2-VP3-VP4-C) was inserted into an expression vector, pPICZ prior to its transformation into Pichia pastoris by electroporation. After the induction of P. pastoris transformant with 0.5% methanol, the production of IBDV polyprotein was observed using Western blot. In P. pastoris, co- or post-translational processing of the large polyprotein occurred, generating a stable C-terminal product (VP3) of correct size, but without any detectable N-terminal product (VP2). The failure to observe the VP2 protein in Western blot analysis was probably due to the conformational epitope problem

Genome-scale compositional comparisons towards drought tolerant genes in rice, date palm, maize and thale cress

Extreme and unpredictable weather has gradually posed a threat to the global production of the world’s staple food crops such as rice, wheat, and maize. For instance, drought had caused significant losses which makes drought-tolerant planting materials increasingly important not only for food security but also for the sustainability of agricultural activities. This could be done by first exploring the genetic materials that are responsible for survival in hot and dry conditions other than solely relying on conventional methods. The availability of various comparative genomics tools has allowed the identification of several potential drought-tolerant genes in plants such as wheat, tomato, maize and others. In this study, potential drought-tolerant genes in rice are predicted by identifying orthologous proteins between four species; Oryza sativa (rice), Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress), Zea mays (maize) and Pheonix dactylifera (date palm) using InParanoid, SonicParanoid and Mauve software tool. From the 9,952 orthologous proteins found among the four species, 8,573 sequences were annotated and assigned to 5,729 GO terms; classified into the biological process category (54%, 2777 sequences), molecular function category (65%, 3223 sequences) and cellular component category (58%, 2539 sequences). Sixty five genes were found to be represented under four drought tolerance GO terms; regulation of response to water deprivation (GO:2000070; 1 gene, 1.54% ); response to water deprivation (GO:0009414, 47 genes, 72.31%); behavioural response to water deprivation (GO:0042630, 11 genes, 16.92%) and; cellular response to water deprivation (GO:0042631, 6 genes, 9.23%). Narrowing down potential drought-stress response genes through this study could contribute to a better understanding and knowledge on the biological and functional analysis of drought-tolerant genes in rice

Bisphenol a removal by adsorption using waste biomass: isotherm and kinetic studies

BPA is categorized as a new emerging pollutant that mimics the structure and function of hormone estrogen for humans and animals. The removal of BPA had been concerned because human exposure toward BPA is widespread, and it is harmful to humans and the ecosystem. The aim of the study was to remove BPA by adsorption technique and understand the application of agricultural waste material as potential adsorbent. The increasing of the surface area of post-adsorption from 4.80 m2/g to 5.83 m2/g indicated that the sulphuric acid treatment responsible for the growth in the porosity of the banana bunches, increase the number of available binding sites and its ion-adsorption capacity. The highest removal of BPA by the banana bunch and coconut bunch was obtained in the following condition: the temperature at 25°, pH 3, dosage at 100 mg, and agitation at 150rpm. The adsorption process was well described with the Langmuir isotherm, while the best correlation with the kinetic study of BPA adsorption was the pseudo-second-order model. The negative values of ΔH° suggested that the adsorption of BPA onto banana bunch (-13.748 J mol−1) and coconut bunch (-5693.67 J mol−1) is exothermic in nature

Malaysian Healthy Diet Online Survey (MHDOS): Study rationale and methodology

Introduction: Access to accurate and timely dietary information is of paramount importance in evaluating and developing well-targeted public health nutrition interventions. However, nationwide nutrition surveys are conducted infrequently because they are very costly to design, conduct and analyse. Dietary assessment tools, which are quick and cost- effective, are needed for population research and regular monitoring of Malaysians’ dietary habits. This paper describes the rationale and methodology of the Malaysian Healthy Diet Online Survey (MHDOS) project, which aims to bridge this knowledge gap on dietary intake of Malaysian adults. The main objective of the two-year project is to develop MHDOS as a valid tool to measure compliance with the Malaysian Dietary Guidelines 2020. Methods: The MHDOS project has three study phases, namely (i) adaptation of an online survey and established diet quality scoring system for Malaysia, (ii) usability, validity and reliability testing of the online survey; and (iii) online survey administration in a nationwide study. The survey will be administered to approximately 10,000 Malaysian adults aged 18-59 years. Discussion: MHDOS consists of 38 questions that measures the quantity, quality and variety of foods consumed. Individuals will receive a diet quality score that reflects their overall compliance with the Malaysian Dietary Guidelines and feedback on how to improve their scores. The findings of the online survey, which serve to complement information between larger surveys, will be useful to measure compliance of Malaysians to national dietary guidelines and inform public health interventions