Effects of hysterectomy on sexual receptivity, food intake, running wheel activity, and hypothalamic estrogen and progestin receptors in rats.

The effects of hysterectomy on several hormone-dependent behaviors and on neural estrogen and progestin receptors were studied in a series of experiments in rats. Ovariectomized-hysterectomized (OH) rats given sequential treatments with 2 yg estradiol benzoate (EB) and .5 mg progesterone (P) showed significantly higher lordosis quotients than ovariectomized (OV) rats in two tests, one and two weeks after surgery. To test whether the effects of hysterectomy persist, 3 groups of OV and OH rats received weekly injections of EB, EB plus P, or sesame oil vehicle for 4 weeks, were then given 2 yg EB followed 24 hr later by .5 mg P and tested for receptivity. Only the OH animals that had received hormone treatments for 4 weeks showed a significantly higher lordosis score than OV animals. The effects of hysterectomy on food intake, body weight gain and running wheel activity were also tested

Research design considerations for clinical studies of abuse-deterrent opioid analgesics: IMMPACT recommendations

Opioids are essential to the management of pain in many patients, but they also are associated with potential risks for abuse, overdose, and diversion. A number of efforts have been devoted to the development of abuse-deterrent formulations of opioids to reduce these risks. This article summarizes a consensus meeting that was organized to propose recommendations for the types of clinical studies that can be used to assess the abuse deterrence of different opioid formulations. Due to the many types of individuals who may be exposed to opioids, an opioid formulation will need to be studied in several populations using various study designs in order to determine its abuse-deterrent capabilities. It is recommended that the research conducted to evaluate abuse deterrence should include studies assessing: (1) abuse liability; (2) the likelihood that opioid abusers will find methods to circumvent the deterrent properties of the formulation; (3) measures of misuse and abuse in randomized clinical trials involving pain patients with both low risk and high risk of abuse; and (4) post-marketing epidemiological studies

The role of the uterus in sequential inhibition of sexual behavior and on heat duration in rats.

PsychologyDoctor of Philosophy (PhD

Research design considerations for clinical studies of abuse-deterrent opioid analgesics: IMMPACT recommendations

Opioids are essential to the management of pain in many patients, but they also are associated with potential risks for abuse, overdose, and diversion. A number of efforts have been devoted to the development of abuse-deterrent formulations of opioids to reduce these risks. This article summarizes a consensus meeting that was organized to propose recommendations for the types of clinical studies that can be used to assess the abuse deterrence of different opioid formulations. Due to the many types of individuals who may be exposed to opioids, an opioid formulation will need to be studied in several populations using various study designs in order to determine its abuse-deterrent capabilities. It is recommended that the research conducted to evaluate abuse deterrence should include studies assessing: (1) abuse liability; (2) the likelihood that opioid abusers will find methods to circumvent the deterrent properties of the formulation; (3) measures of misuse and abuse in randomized clinical trials involving pain patients with both low risk and high risk of abuse; and (4) post-marketing epidemiological studies