A Comparative Study of the "Haghighat-e Muhammadiy" from the Perspective of Mulla Sadra and Adam Kadmon from Perspective of Muses De-Leon

The purpose of this article is to examine the similarities and differences between the hagheeghat-e muhammadiya and Adam Kadmon, from the point of view of Mulla Sadra Muslim and Deleon Kilimi.The studies are based on the ontological attitudes of two Abrahamic religions. The research method is a comparative study with an analytical-descriptive approach based on the method of library studies. This research specifies, the hagheeghat-e muhammadiya and Adam Kadmon are both as the first manifestation of the divine essence.In Mulla Sadra's view, the hagheeghat-e muhammadiya includes the infinite lights of the names and attributes of truth.And he has matched it with the first issued and with the first intellect.But Muses Deleon's view is that Adam Kadmon has ten safiroth or ten lights of divine attributes.Adam Kadmon is the first manifestation of Ein-Suf. The result is that, In Islamic mysticism and also according to Mulla Sadra, the perfect human being is the manifestation of the the hagheeghat-e muhammadiya According to Deleon, the perfect human being is Adam Kadmon.And from the point of view of these two people, the the hagheeghat-e muhammadiya and Adam Kadmon are the origin and destination of creation. Of the important differences between these two views, The difference is in the number of names and attributes that make up the existence of a complete human being

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Microwave propagation through cultural vegetation canopies.

The need to understand the interaction of microwaves with vegetation canopies has markedly increased in recent years. This is due to advances made in remote sensing science, microwave technology, and signal processing circuits. One class of the earth's vegetation cover is man-made canopies, such as agricultural fields, orchards, and artificial forests. Contrary to natural vegetation terrain, location, spacing, and density of plants in a man-made vegetation canopy are deterministic quantities. As a result, the semi-deterministic nature of cultural vegetation canopies violate the random assumption of the radiative transfer theory and leads to experimented results that are in variance with model calculations. Hence, an alternative approach is needed to model the interaction of microwaves with such canopies. This thesis examines the propagation behavior through a canopy of corn plants. The corn canopy was selected as a representative of cultural vegetation canopies that are planted in parallel rows with an approximately fixed spacing between adjacent plants. Several experimental measurements were conducted to determine the transmission properties of a corn canopy in the 1-10 GHz range. The measurements which included horizontal propagation through the canopy as well as propagation at oblique incidence, were performed for defoliated canopies and for canopies with leaves. Through experimental observations and model development, the propagation behavior was found to be strongly dependent on the wavelength and the path length. At a wavelength in the neighborhood of 20 cm, for example, it was found that scattering by the stalks was coherent in nature for waves propagating horizontally through the canopy, which necessitated the development of a coherent-field model that uses Bragg scattering to account for the observed interference pattern in the transmitted beam. As the wavelength is made shorter, the semi-random spacing between plants becomes significant relative to the wavelength, thereby destroying the coherent properties of the propagating field, in which case propagating wave becomes partially incoherent in nature. Because of the short path lengths associated with oblique propagation through the canopy, Bragg scattering need not be considered and a much simpler formulation was found to provide good agreement with experimental observations.Ph.D.Applied SciencesElectrical engineeringNuclear physics and radiationPure SciencesUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/128843/2/9208667.pd

A Compact Single-Layer Dual-Band Microstrip Antenna for Satellite Applications

In this letter, a compact single-layer, single-feed, dual-frequency microstrip antenna with a high frequency ratio is proposed. This antenna has a broadside and symmetrical radiation patterns suitable for space-borne applications. The prototype was fabricated on a Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.2 and thickness of 1.58 mm. The dual-band behavior is achieved by a shorting pin at 1.7–1.706 and 8.011–8.277 GHz with the frequency ratio of 4.75. In addition, the antenna is miniaturized by 46% compared to the conventional rectangular patch

Microwave propagation through cultural vegetation canopies

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/7906/5/bab1468.0001.001.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/7906/4/bab1468.0001.001.tx