CONCENTRATION OF SOME ELEMENTS IN BLOOD SERUM OF NONLACTATING GOATS IN A SUBTROPICAL REGION OF SOUTHWEST OF MÉXICO STATE

The objective of this study was to determine the mineral levels in blood serum of nonlactating adult goats in the south of the State of México during the dry and rainy seasons. Eighty four multiparous (>2 calving and non-lactating) does were sampled (LW 39 ± 8 kg). Blood samples were collected by jugular vein punction, followed by separation of blood serum by adding 10% trichloroacetic acid for later laboratory analysis. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized factorial experiment. There was as effect (P<0.05) of season on serum concentrations of P, and there was an interaction (P<0.01) of season*region for Ca, Na, Cu and Zn. Mg was unaffected by treatments. Results suggest possible deficiencies in the diets of P, Ca, Cu and Zn

Productividad, calidad y perfil de ácidos grasos en leche de cabras alimentadas con dos forrajes

Cuarenta cabras Alpino Francés (39.3 2.0 kg PVI, primer parto) fueron usadas bajo un diseño completamente al azar para evaluar el efecto de dos fuentes de forraje en la dieta: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (T1) y alfalfa + maralfalfa (Pennisetum purpureum Var CT-115) (T2) sobre la respuesta productiva, calidad y per l de ácidos grasos de la leche de cabra en el primer tercio de la lactación (60 d). El consumo de materia seca (CMS) fue similar (p > 0.05) para ambos grupos. Las cabras que recibieron el T1, produjeron 0.52 kg más de leche (p < 0.01), sin efecto signi cativo en el contenido de grasa y lactosa;T2 presentó mayor (p < 0.5) consentración de proteínas, sólidos totales, densidad y sólidos no grasos. La concentración de ácidos grasos de cadena corta (AGCC) tendió a ser mayor (p = 0.07) en T1, de manera particular aumentó el caprírico (p < 0.05). Por otra parte, tanto los ácidos grasos de cadena larga (AGCL), como los ácidos grasos mono insaturados fueron mayores (p < 0.05) en T2. El ácido linoleico fue menor (p < 0.01) en T2, lo cual se re ejó en una mayor (p < 0.05) concentración de ácido linoleico conjugado (ALC). La inclusión de maralfalfa en la dieta de cabras lecheras Alpino Francés, tiene un efecto positivo en la calidad y per l de ácidos grasos, como el ácido linoleico conjugado, el cual ha demostrado tener efecto bené cos en la nutrición y salud humana.UAE

Nutraceutic effect of free condensed tannins of lysiloma acapulcensis (kunth) benth on parasite infection and performance of pelibuey sheep

Abstract Forty-five Pelibuey sheep were experimentally infested with nematodes to evaluate the effect of three free condensed tannin (FCT) levels of Lysiloma acapulcensis on fecal egg counts (FECs), packed cell volumes (PCV), ocular mucosa colors (OMC), average daily gain (ADG), and adult nematode count. Five treatments were used: 12.5, 25.0, and 37.5 mg of FCT kg−1 of body weight (BW); sterile water (control); and ivermectine (0.22 mg kg−1 of BW) as chemical group. The data were processed through repeated measure- ment analysis. Even though the three FCT doses decreased (P < 0.05) the FEC, the highest reduction was obtained with 37.5 mg kg−1 of BW. No differences were observed in PCV and OMC. Higher ADG (P < 0.05) was observed with 37.5 mg kg−1 of BW of FCT. The count of adult nematodes (females and males) in the higher dose of FCT was similar to chemical treatment. Dose of 37.5 mg kg−1 of BW decreased the parasite infection and improved the lamb performance. Therefore, this dose could be used as a nutraceutic product in sheep production.This work was undertaken with funds from the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (Project UAEM 1026/2014RIFC). Our gratitude also goes to the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) for the grant received by Cesar García Hernández

Benefit and Risks of Aspirin in Addition to Ticagrelor in Acute Coronary Syndromes:A Post Hoc Analysis of the Randomized GLOBAL LEADERS Trial

Key PointsQuestionWhat are the benefits and risks of continuing aspirin in addition to P2Y12 receptor inhibition with ticagrelor among patients with acute coronary syndrome between 1 month and 12 months after percutaneous coronary intervention? FindingsIn this nonprespecified, post hoc analysis of the GLOBAL LEADERS randomized clinical trial, beyond 1 month after percutaneous coronary intervention in acute coronary syndrome, aspirin was associated with increased bleeding risk and appeared not to add to the benefit of ticagrelor on ischemic events. MeaningThe findings of this hypothesis-generating analysis pave the way for further trials evaluating aspirin-free antiplatelet strategies after percutaneous coronary intervention. ImportanceThe role of aspirin as part of antiplatelet regimens in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) needs to be clarified in the context of newer potent P2Y12 antagonists. ObjectiveTo evaluate the benefit and risks of aspirin in addition to ticagrelor among patients with ACS beyond 1 month after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis is a nonprespecified, post hoc analysis of GLOBAL LEADERS, a randomized, open-label superiority trial comparing 2 antiplatelet treatment strategies after PCI. The trial included 130 secondary/tertiary care hospitals in different countries, with 15991 unselected patients with stable coronary artery disease or ACS undergoing PCI. Patients had outpatient visits at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after index procedure. InterventionsThe experimental group received aspirin plus ticagrelor for 1 month followed by 23-month ticagrelor monotherapy; the reference group received aspirin plus either clopidogrel (stable coronary artery disease) or ticagrelor (ACS) for 12 months, followed by 12-month aspirin monotherapy. In this analysis, we examined the clinical outcomes occurring between 31 days and 365 days after randomization, specifically in patients with ACS who, within this time frame, were assigned to receive either ticagrelor alone or ticagrelor and aspirin. Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the composite of all-cause death or new Q-wave myocardial infarction. ResultsOf 15968 participants, there were 7487 patients with ACS enrolled; 3750 patients were assigned to the experimental group and 3737 patients to the reference group. Between 31 and 365 days after randomization, the primary outcome occurred in 55 patients (1.5%) in the experimental group and in 75 patients (2.0%) in the reference group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.51-1.03; P=.07); investigator-reported Bleeding Academic Research Consortium-defined bleeding type 3 or 5 occurred in 28 patients (0.8%) in the experimental group and in 54 patients (1.5%) in the reference arm (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.33-0.81; P=.004). Conclusions and RelevanceBetween 1 month and 12 months after PCI in ACS, aspirin was associated with increased bleeding risk and appeared not to add to the benefit of ticagrelor on ischemic events. These findings should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis generating; however, they pave the way for further trials evaluating aspirin-free antiplatelet strategies after PCI. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01813435. This secondary analysis of the GLOBAL LEADERS randomized clinical trial evaluates the benefit and risks of aspirin in addition to ticagrelor among patients with acute coronary syndrome beyond 1 month after percutaneous coronary intervention

Beta-blocker effect on ST-segment: a prespecified analysis of the EARLY-BAMI randomised trial.

The effect of early intravenous (IV) beta-blockers (BBs) administration in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) on ST-segment deviation is unknown. We undertook a prespecified secondary analysis of the Early Beta-blocker Administration before primary PCI in patients with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (EARLY-BAMI) trial to investigate the effect of early IV BB on ST-segment deviation. The EARLY-BAMI trial randomised patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to IV metoprolol (2×5 mg bolus) or matched placebo before pPCI. The prespecified outcome, evaluated by an independent core laboratory blinded to study treatment, was the residual ST-segment deviation 1 hour after pPCI (ie, the percentage of patients with >3 mm cumulative ST deviation at 1 hour after pPCI). An ECG for the evaluation of residual ST-segment deviation 1 hour after pPCI was available in 442 out of 683 randomised patients. The BB group had a lower heart rate after pPCI compared with placebo (71.2±13.2 vs 74.3±13.6, p=0.016); however, no differences were noted in the percentages of patients with >3 mm cumulative ST deviation at 1 hour after pPCI (58.6% vs 54.1%, p=0.38, in BB vs placebo, respectively) neither a significant difference was found for the percentages of patients in each of the four prespecified groups (normalised ST-segment; 1-3 mm; 4-6 mm;>6 mm residual ST-deviation). In patients with STEMI, who were being transported for primary PCI, early IV BB administration did not significantly affect ST-segment deviation after pPCI compared with placebo. The neutral result of early IV BB administration on an early marker of pharmacological effect is consistent with the absence of subsequent improvement of clinical outcomes.Trial funding came from a research grant of the Dutch Heart Foundation (Utrecht, the Netherlands, no. 2010B125) and an unrestricted grant by Medtronic Inc. (Heerlen, the Netherlands), which was used for additional analysesS