The Diet of Diabetic Patients in Spain in 2008–2010: Accordance with the Main Dietary Recommendations—A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: No previous study has assessed the diet of the diabetic patients in the general population of an entire country in Europe. This study evaluates accordance of the diet of diabetic adults in Spain with nutritional recommendations of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), American Diabetes Association (ADA), and the Mediterranean diet (MD). Methods and Findings: Cross-sectional study conducted in 2008-2010 among 12,948 persons representative of the population aged ≥18 years in Spain. Usual food consumption was assessed with a dietary history. EASD accordance was defined as ≥6 points on a score of 12 nutritional goals, ADA accordance as ≥3 points on a score of 6 goals, and MD accordance as ≥7 points on the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener. In the 609 diagnosed diabetic individuals, the diet was rich in saturated fat (11.2% of total energy), but trans fat intake was relatively low (1.1% energy) and monounsaturated fat intake was high (16.1% energy). Carbohydrate intake was relatively low (41.1% energy), but sugar intake was high (16.9% energy). Intake of cholesterol (322 mg/day) and sodium (3.1 g/day) was also high, while fiber intake was insufficient (23.8 g/day). EASD accordance was observed in 48.7% diabetic patients, ADA accordance in 46.3%, and MD accordance in 57.4%. The frequency of EASD, ADA and MD accordance was not statistically different between diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetic individuals. Conclusions: Only about half of diabetic patients in Spain have a diet that is consistent with the major dietary recommendations. The lack of dietary differences between diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetic individuals reflects deficiencies in diabetes managementThe ENRICA study is funded by Sanofi-Aventis. Additional funding is obtained from FIS grant PI09/1626 and from the ‘Cátedra UAM de Epidemiología y Control del Riesgo Cardiovascular

Challenges, opportunities and outlook for trade agreements with the United States : the case of three chains and countries in Latin America and the Caribbean

Este documento brinda un panorama general sobre los hallazgos obtenidos mediante el proyecto “Fortalecimiento del comercio bilateral entre Estados Unidos y aquellos países de América Latina con los que Estados Unidos ha establecido acuerdos de libre comercio”, ejecutado por el Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura (IICA) y financiado por el Servicio Agrícola Exterior (FAS) del Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos (USDA). El proyecto toma en cuenta a actores públicos y privados de El Salvador, Perú y la República Dominicana y focaliza sus acciones en un rubro agrícola de alto potencial comercial en cada uno de esos países. Se seleccionaron cadenas agrícolas que poseen las condiciones productivas y económicas requeridas para aprovechar las condiciones de apertura del mercado estadounidense: café en Perú, plátano macho en El Salvador y yuca en la República Dominicana.This document provides an overview of the findings of the project “Strengthening bilateral trade between the United States and the Latin American countries with which the United States has established free trade agreements,” carried out by the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) and funded by the Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The project took into account public and private stakeholders in El Salvador, Peru, and the Dominican Republic, and targeted one agricultural product with strong commercial potential in each country. The agricultural chains were selected because the productive and economic conditions were right for exploiting the opening up of the United States market: coffee in Peru, plantains in El Salvador, and cassava in the Dominican Republic