Studies on Obtaining Diglycidyl Ether from Allyl-Glycidyl Ether over the Mesoporous Ti-SBA-15 Catalyst

The work presents the studies on the epoxidation of allyl-glycidyl ether (AGE) to diglycidyl ether (DGE) over the mesoporous Ti-SBA-15 catalyst and with 60 wt% hydrogen peroxide. The influence of the following parameters was studied: the temperature 0–100°C, the molar ratio of AGE/H2O2 = 0.03:1 – 4:1, the content of Ti-SBA-15 catalyst 0.0–0.5 wt%, and the reaction time 15–240 min. The studies showed that it is possible to obtain DGE with the selectivity of 100 mol% (for reaction time below 60 min) but at low conversion of AGE – about 4 mol%. The prolongation of the reaction time decreases the selectivity of DGE because the following competitive reactions take place: (1) hydration of the epoxide ring in AGE and 3A12PD formation, (2) collapsing of the ethers by hydrolysis of the ether groups, and (3) the epoxidation and the hydration of the products of collapsing and obtaining glycerol. The explanation of the very high ineffective decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and possible ways of increasing its efficiency of conversion are also presented

Umieralność z przyczyn nieznanych i niedokładnie określonych oraz jej trwałe zróżnicowanie terytorialne w Polsce

An effective health policy can be only conducted on the basis of complete and up-to-date statistical data referring to, among others, causes of deaths. The share of deaths due to unknown and ill-defined causes constitutes one of quality indicators of data on mortality. As compared to other European countries, in Poland this share is relatively high, especially in some regions of the country. Presented analysis is devoted to spatial differences of mortality due to unknown and ill-defined causes in 1991–1995 and 2006–2010. Despite the introduction of the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, as well as despite the modernization of data collecting system in 1997, spatial differences remained at a constant and moderate level, which probably results from the prevalence of local coding practices. We propose possible solutions that could contribute to decrease in share of death due to unknown and ill-defined causes in Poland, among them standardization of local coding procedures concerning causes of death

Activated carbon modification towards efficient catalyst for high value-added products synthesis from alpha-pinene

DT0-activated carbons modified with HCl and HNO3 acids, which were used for the first time in the catalytic process of alpha-pinene isomerization, are presented in this study. The carbon materials DT0, DT0_HCl, DT0_HNO3, and DT0_HCl_HNO3 were examined with the following methods: XRF, SEM, EDX, XPS, FT-IR, XRD, and N2 adsorption at -196 °C. It was shown that DT0_HCl_HNO3-activated carbon was the most active material in the alpha-pinene isomerization process. Detailed studies of alpha-pinene isomerization were carried out over this carbon by changing the reaction parameters such as time (5–180 min) and temperature (60–175 °C). The 100% conversion of alpha-pinene was achieved at the temperature of 160 °C and catalyst content of 5 wt% after 3 h over the DT0_HCl_HNO3 catalyst. Camphene and limonene were the main products of the alpha-pinene isomerization reaction.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Accumulation of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans in agar cultures and in stationary and agitated liquid cultures of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill

Schisandra chinensis plant in vitro cultures were maintained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 1 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in an agar system and also in two different liquid systems: stationary and agitated. Liquid cultures were grown in batch (30 and 60 days) and fed-batch modes. In the methanolic extracts from lyophilized biomasses and in the media, quantification of fourteen dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans identified based on co-chromatography with authentic standards using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and/or liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MS) methods. For comparison purposes, phytochemical analyses were performed of lignans in the leaves and fruits of the parent plant. The main lignans detected in the biomass extracts from all the tested systems were schisandrin (max. 65.62 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)), angeloyl-/tigloylgomisin Q (max. 49.73 mg/100 g DW), deoxyschisandrin (max. 43.65 mg/100 g DW), and gomisin A (max. 34.36 mg/100 g DW). The highest total amounts of lignans in the two tested stationary systems were found in extracts from the biomass harvested after 30 days of batch cultivation: 237.86 mg/100 g DW and 274.65 mg/100 g DW, respectively. In the agitated culture, the total content reached a maximum value of 244.80 mg/100 g DW after 60 days of the fed-batch mode of cultivation. The lignans were not detected in the media. This is the first report which documents the potential usefulness of S. chinensis shoot cultures cultivated in liquid systems for practical purposes. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00253-015-7230-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Carbonaceous catalysts from orange pulp for limonene oxidation

The possibility of orange pulp utilization for nanoporous carbons production was investigated. Moreover, processing the obtained materials as limonene oxidation catalysts was studied as well. Limonene was separated from orange pulp obtained from fragmented orange peels—the waste from industrial fruits processing—by means of simple distillation. After the sepa-ration of limonene from the biomass, the dried orange pulp was converted to three types of nanoporous carbon catalysts: without activating agent, with NaOH, and with KOH. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, AFM, and sorption of N2 methods. The activities of the obtained catalysts were tested in the oxidation of limonene to perillyl alcohol (the main product), carveol, carvone, and 1,2-epoxylimonene and its diol. In the oxidation processes, hydrogen peroxide was used as the oxidizing agent. This work has shown for the first time that nanoporous carbons obtained from orange pulp waste, after separation of limonene, are active catalysts for limonene oxidation to industrially important value-added productsPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version