Additional file 1: of Back pain in physically inactive students compared to physical education students with a high and average level of physical activity studying in Poland

questionnaire in English – questions concerning the feeling and characteristics of back pain in the English language. (DOC 70 kb

Comparison of age, height, weight, BMI as well as hamstring, one- and two-joint hip flexors flexibility, fingertip-to-floor and lateral trunk flexion test results between non-hypermobile females (NH females group) and females with generalized joint hypermobility (GJH females group).

<p>Abbreviations: SLR—straight leg raise test; O-JHF—one-joint hip flexors test; T-JHF—two-joint hip flexors test; FTF—fingertip-to-floor test; LTF—lateral trunk flexion test.</p><p>† Values are in mean (SD) and by independent t-test;</p><p>* Values are in median (QR) and by Mann-Whitney U test. Statistically significant differences are in bold;</p><p>LSD—least significant difference detected by statistical analysis with 0.8 power of the test.</p><p>Comparison of age, height, weight, BMI as well as hamstring, one- and two-joint hip flexors flexibility, fingertip-to-floor and lateral trunk flexion test results between non-hypermobile females (NH females group) and females with generalized joint hypermobility (GJH females group).</p

The results of the pelvic-hip complex muscles and trunk flexibility tests in females (n = 136).

<p>Abbreviations: SD—standard deviation; QR—Quartile Range; SLR—straight leg raise test; O-JHF—one-joint hip flexors test; T-JHF—two-joint hip flexors test; FTF—fingertip-to-floor test; LTF—lateral trunk flexion test.</p><p>The results of the pelvic-hip complex muscles and trunk flexibility tests in females (n = 136).</p

Parameters of the study group (females, n = 136 and males, n = 113).

<p>Abbreviations: F—females; M—males; SD—standard deviation; QR—Quartile Range.</p><p>Parameters of the study group (females, n = 136 and males, n = 113).</p

The results of the pelvic-hip complex muscles and trunk flexibility tests in males (n = 113).

<p>Abbreviations: SD—standard deviation; QR—Quartile Range; SLR—straight leg raise test; O-JHF—one-joint hip flexors test; T-JHF—two-joint hip flexors test; FTF—fingertip-to-floor test; LTF—lateral trunk flexion test.</p><p>The results of the pelvic-hip complex muscles and trunk flexibility tests in males (n = 113).</p

The tests used in the study: A—straight leg raise test, B—modified Thomas test for one-joint hip flexors, C—modified Thomas test for two-joint hip flexors, D—fingertip-to-floor test, E—lateral trunk flexion test.

<p>The tests used in the study: A—straight leg raise test, B—modified Thomas test for one-joint hip flexors, C—modified Thomas test for two-joint hip flexors, D—fingertip-to-floor test, E—lateral trunk flexion test.</p

Static stretching of hamstrings.

<p>Static stretching of hamstrings.</p

Gluteus maximus activation in a standing position.

<p>Gluteus maximus activation in a standing position.</p

Parameters of the three groups at an initial examination after excluding data of drop-outs.

<p>Abbreviations: PIR group – post-isometric relaxation group; SS group – static stretch with stabilizing exercises group; SE group – stabilizing exercises group; SLR test – straight leg raise test; PA – popliteal angle test; FTF – finger-to-floor distance in trunk flexion test.</p

Differences between Exam2 and Exam1 for all parameters.

<p>Abbreviations: PIR group – post-isometric relaxation group; SS group – static stretch with stabilizing exercises group; SE group – stabilizing exercises group; SLR – straight leg raise test; PA – popliteal angle test; FTF – finger-to-floor distance in trunk flexion test.</p