Sarcomatoid renal-cell carcinoma: treatment strategy, review of the literature and a case report

Introduction: Sarcomatoid renal-cell carcinoma is a very rare cancer characterised with aggressive course of disease and poor prognosis. At present there are no standards of care for this histologic subtype of renal cell carcinoma resistant to various forms of systemic treatment. Methods: The study describes a case of 58 year old woman after left nephrectomy for clear cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid component and after resection of right-kidney tumour for synchronous clear cell carcinoma who received first-line bevacizumab and temsirolimus under the clinical trial, and then second-line chemotherapy based on gemcitabine and doxorubicin and ifosfamide-based third-line chemotherapy. The patient underwent pulmonary metastasectomy twice, and once a metastasectomy for liver metastases. Conclusions: Surgery (including metastases treatment) followed by the systemic chemotherapy seems to be correct option of treatment in patients with renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid features. The development of optimum method of systemic treatment requires further prospective randomised trials

Analysis of the Implementation of Functional Hydrogen Assumptions in Poland and Germany

The use of hydrogen exists in various sectors in Poland and Germany. Hydrogen can be used in industry, transport, decarbonisation of the Polish steel industry and as one of the low-emission alternatives to the existing coal applications in this sector. Limiting climate change requires efforts on a global scale from all countries of the world. Significant economic benefits will be realized by stimulating the development of new technologies to deal with climate change. The scenarios show an increasing demand for industrial hydrogen in the future. The key is to replace gray hydrogen with green, and to convert industrial processes, which will create additional hydrogen demand. The condition for the development of a green hydrogen economy is access to adequate installed capacity in renewable energy. Germany will become the leading market in the era of energy transformation in the coming years. The implementation of the hydrogen assumptions in Poland is possible, to a greater extent, by the efforts of entrepreneurs

Disclosing Interfaces of ZnO Nanocrystals Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization: Sol‐Gel versus Organometallic Approach

International audienceThe unambiguous characterization of the coordination chemistry of nanocrystal surfaces that have been produced by a wetchemical synthesis presently remains a highly challenging issue. Here, zinc oxide nanocrystals (ZnO NCs) coated by monoanionic diphenyl phosphate (DPP) ligands were derived by a traditional sol-gel process and a one-pot self-supporting organometallic (OSSOM) procedure, and advanced atomic-scale characterization through dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP-)enhanced solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy has notably enabled resolving their vastly different surface-ligand interfaces. For the OSSOM-derived NCs, DPP moieties form stable and strongly-anchored µ2-and µ3-bridgingligand pairs that are resistant to competitive ligand exchange processes. Contrastingly, the sol-gel-derived NCs contain a wide variety of coordination modes of DPP ligands and a ligand exchange process takes place between DPP ligands and glycerol molecules. This highlights the power of DNP-enhanced ssNMR for detailed NC surface analysis and the superiority of the OSSOM approach for the preparation of high quality ZnO NCs

Structural Diversity of Ethylzinc Carboxylates

The synthesis and structural characterization of a new series of ethylzinc carboxylates are reported. Structurally diverse complexes were derived from three monofunctional carboxylic acids with different numbers of phenyl groups on the α-carbon, and two bifunctional carboxylic acids with a neutral donor terminus, namely, methoxyacetic and diethylphosphonoacetic acids. Donor solvents are commonly used in various transformations of alkylzinc carboxylates; therefore, the effect of THF as a donor solvent on the reaction outcome was also investigated. Reactions of equimolar amounts of Et₂Zn and the selected carboxylic acid in THF solutions gave ethylzinc carboxylates with a large variety of structures. In the cases of triphenylacetic and diphenylacetic acids, THF solvated products of stoichiometry [EtZn­(O₂CR)­(THF)] were isolated as a dimer and a 1D coordination polymer, respectively, whereas, with methoxyacetic acid, a novel solvent-free hexanuclear structural motif with a butterfly-like framework was formed, ([EtZnO₂­CCH₂OCH₃]₆). The corresponding reaction with diethylphosphonoacetic acid produced a rare example of a nonanuclear organozinc oxo carboxylate cluster, [(EtZn)₈Zn­(μ₃-O)₂­(O₂CCH₂(O)­P­(OEt)₆)]

Structural Diversity of Ethylzinc Carboxylates

The synthesis and structural characterization of a new series of ethylzinc carboxylates are reported. Structurally diverse complexes were derived from three monofunctional carboxylic acids with different numbers of phenyl groups on the α-carbon, and two bifunctional carboxylic acids with a neutral donor terminus, namely, methoxyacetic and diethylphosphonoacetic acids. Donor solvents are commonly used in various transformations of alkylzinc carboxylates; therefore, the effect of THF as a donor solvent on the reaction outcome was also investigated. Reactions of equimolar amounts of Et₂Zn and the selected carboxylic acid in THF solutions gave ethylzinc carboxylates with a large variety of structures. In the cases of triphenylacetic and diphenylacetic acids, THF solvated products of stoichiometry [EtZn­(O₂CR)­(THF)] were isolated as a dimer and a 1D coordination polymer, respectively, whereas, with methoxyacetic acid, a novel solvent-free hexanuclear structural motif with a butterfly-like framework was formed, ([EtZnO₂­CCH₂OCH₃]₆). The corresponding reaction with diethylphosphonoacetic acid produced a rare example of a nonanuclear organozinc oxo carboxylate cluster, [(EtZn)₈Zn­(μ₃-O)₂­(O₂CCH₂(O)­P­(OEt)₆)]

Structural Diversity of Ethylzinc Carboxylates

The synthesis and structural characterization of a new series of ethylzinc carboxylates are reported. Structurally diverse complexes were derived from three monofunctional carboxylic acids with different numbers of phenyl groups on the α-carbon, and two bifunctional carboxylic acids with a neutral donor terminus, namely, methoxyacetic and diethylphosphonoacetic acids. Donor solvents are commonly used in various transformations of alkylzinc carboxylates; therefore, the effect of THF as a donor solvent on the reaction outcome was also investigated. Reactions of equimolar amounts of Et₂Zn and the selected carboxylic acid in THF solutions gave ethylzinc carboxylates with a large variety of structures. In the cases of triphenylacetic and diphenylacetic acids, THF solvated products of stoichiometry [EtZn­(O₂CR)­(THF)] were isolated as a dimer and a 1D coordination polymer, respectively, whereas, with methoxyacetic acid, a novel solvent-free hexanuclear structural motif with a butterfly-like framework was formed, ([EtZnO₂­CCH₂OCH₃]₆). The corresponding reaction with diethylphosphonoacetic acid produced a rare example of a nonanuclear organozinc oxo carboxylate cluster, [(EtZn)₈Zn­(μ₃-O)₂­(O₂CCH₂(O)­P­(OEt)₆)]