11 research outputs found
Sarcomatoid renal-cell carcinoma: treatment strategy, review of the literature and a case report
Introduction: Sarcomatoid renal-cell carcinoma is a very rare cancer characterised with aggressive course of disease and poor prognosis. At present there are no standards of care for this histologic subtype of renal cell carcinoma resistant to various forms of systemic treatment. Methods: The study describes a case of 58 year old woman after left nephrectomy for clear cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid component and after resection of right-kidney tumour for synchronous clear cell carcinoma who received first-line bevacizumab and temsirolimus under the clinical trial, and then second-line chemotherapy based on gemcitabine and doxorubicin and ifosfamide-based third-line chemotherapy. The patient underwent pulmonary metastasectomy twice, and once a metastasectomy for liver metastases. Conclusions: Surgery (including metastases treatment) followed by the systemic chemotherapy seems to be correct option of treatment in patients with renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid features. The development of optimum method of systemic treatment requires further prospective randomised trials
Remarkable water-soluble ZnO nanocrystals : from ‘click’ functionalization to a supramolecular aggregation enhanced emission phenomenon
Analysis of the Implementation of Functional Hydrogen Assumptions in Poland and Germany
The use of hydrogen exists in various sectors in Poland and Germany. Hydrogen can be used in industry, transport, decarbonisation of the Polish steel industry and as one of the low-emission alternatives to the existing coal applications in this sector. Limiting climate change requires efforts on a global scale from all countries of the world. Significant economic benefits will be realized by stimulating the development of new technologies to deal with climate change. The scenarios show an increasing demand for industrial hydrogen in the future. The key is to replace gray hydrogen with green, and to convert industrial processes, which will create additional hydrogen demand. The condition for the development of a green hydrogen economy is access to adequate installed capacity in renewable energy. Germany will become the leading market in the era of energy transformation in the coming years. The implementation of the hydrogen assumptions in Poland is possible, to a greater extent, by the efforts of entrepreneurs
Disclosing Interfaces of ZnO Nanocrystals Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization: Sol‐Gel versus Organometallic Approach
International audienceThe unambiguous characterization of the coordination chemistry of nanocrystal surfaces that have been produced by a wetchemical synthesis presently remains a highly challenging issue. Here, zinc oxide nanocrystals (ZnO NCs) coated by monoanionic diphenyl phosphate (DPP) ligands were derived by a traditional sol-gel process and a one-pot self-supporting organometallic (OSSOM) procedure, and advanced atomic-scale characterization through dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP-)enhanced solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy has notably enabled resolving their vastly different surface-ligand interfaces. For the OSSOM-derived NCs, DPP moieties form stable and strongly-anchored µ2-and µ3-bridgingligand pairs that are resistant to competitive ligand exchange processes. Contrastingly, the sol-gel-derived NCs contain a wide variety of coordination modes of DPP ligands and a ligand exchange process takes place between DPP ligands and glycerol molecules. This highlights the power of DNP-enhanced ssNMR for detailed NC surface analysis and the superiority of the OSSOM approach for the preparation of high quality ZnO NCs
Structural Diversity of Ethylzinc Carboxylates
The
synthesis and structural characterization of a new series of
ethylzinc carboxylates are reported. Structurally diverse complexes
were derived from three monofunctional carboxylic acids with different
numbers of phenyl groups on the α-carbon, and two bifunctional
carboxylic acids with a neutral donor terminus, namely, methoxyacetic
and diethylphosphonoacetic acids. Donor solvents are commonly used
in various transformations of alkylzinc carboxylates; therefore, the
effect of THF as a donor solvent on the reaction outcome was also
investigated. Reactions of equimolar amounts of Et<sub>2</sub>Zn and
the selected carboxylic acid in THF solutions gave ethylzinc carboxylates
with a large variety of structures. In the cases of triphenylacetic
and diphenylacetic acids, THF solvated products of stoichiometry [EtZn(O<sub>2</sub>CR)(THF)] were isolated as a dimer and a 1D coordination
polymer, respectively, whereas, with methoxyacetic acid, a novel solvent-free
hexanuclear structural motif with a butterfly-like framework was formed,
([EtZnO<sub>2</sub>CCH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>3</sub>]<sub>6</sub>). The corresponding reaction with diethylphosphonoacetic acid produced
a rare example of a nonanuclear organozinc oxo carboxylate cluster,
[(EtZn)<sub>8</sub>Zn(μ<sub>3</sub>-O)<sub>2</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>CCH<sub>2</sub>(O)P(OEt)<sub>6</sub>)]
Structural Diversity of Ethylzinc Carboxylates
The
synthesis and structural characterization of a new series of
ethylzinc carboxylates are reported. Structurally diverse complexes
were derived from three monofunctional carboxylic acids with different
numbers of phenyl groups on the α-carbon, and two bifunctional
carboxylic acids with a neutral donor terminus, namely, methoxyacetic
and diethylphosphonoacetic acids. Donor solvents are commonly used
in various transformations of alkylzinc carboxylates; therefore, the
effect of THF as a donor solvent on the reaction outcome was also
investigated. Reactions of equimolar amounts of Et<sub>2</sub>Zn and
the selected carboxylic acid in THF solutions gave ethylzinc carboxylates
with a large variety of structures. In the cases of triphenylacetic
and diphenylacetic acids, THF solvated products of stoichiometry [EtZn(O<sub>2</sub>CR)(THF)] were isolated as a dimer and a 1D coordination
polymer, respectively, whereas, with methoxyacetic acid, a novel solvent-free
hexanuclear structural motif with a butterfly-like framework was formed,
([EtZnO<sub>2</sub>CCH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>3</sub>]<sub>6</sub>). The corresponding reaction with diethylphosphonoacetic acid produced
a rare example of a nonanuclear organozinc oxo carboxylate cluster,
[(EtZn)<sub>8</sub>Zn(μ<sub>3</sub>-O)<sub>2</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>CCH<sub>2</sub>(O)P(OEt)<sub>6</sub>)]
Structural Diversity of Ethylzinc Carboxylates
The
synthesis and structural characterization of a new series of
ethylzinc carboxylates are reported. Structurally diverse complexes
were derived from three monofunctional carboxylic acids with different
numbers of phenyl groups on the α-carbon, and two bifunctional
carboxylic acids with a neutral donor terminus, namely, methoxyacetic
and diethylphosphonoacetic acids. Donor solvents are commonly used
in various transformations of alkylzinc carboxylates; therefore, the
effect of THF as a donor solvent on the reaction outcome was also
investigated. Reactions of equimolar amounts of Et<sub>2</sub>Zn and
the selected carboxylic acid in THF solutions gave ethylzinc carboxylates
with a large variety of structures. In the cases of triphenylacetic
and diphenylacetic acids, THF solvated products of stoichiometry [EtZn(O<sub>2</sub>CR)(THF)] were isolated as a dimer and a 1D coordination
polymer, respectively, whereas, with methoxyacetic acid, a novel solvent-free
hexanuclear structural motif with a butterfly-like framework was formed,
([EtZnO<sub>2</sub>CCH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>3</sub>]<sub>6</sub>). The corresponding reaction with diethylphosphonoacetic acid produced
a rare example of a nonanuclear organozinc oxo carboxylate cluster,
[(EtZn)<sub>8</sub>Zn(μ<sub>3</sub>-O)<sub>2</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>CCH<sub>2</sub>(O)P(OEt)<sub>6</sub>)]