Evaluating the reliability of point estimates of wetland reference evaporation

The Penman-Monteith formulation of evaporation has been criticised for its reliance upon point estimates so that areal estimates of wetland evaporation based upon single weather stations may be misleading. Typically, wetlands comprise a complex mosaic of land cover types from each of which evaporative rates may differ. The need to account for wetland patches when monitoring hydrological fluxes has been noted. This paper presents work carried out over a wet grassland in Southern England. The significance of fetch on actual evaporation was examined using the approach adopted by Gash (1986) based upon surface roughness to estimate the fraction of evaporation sensed from a specified distance upwind of the monitoring station. This theoretical analysis (assuming near-neutral conditions) reveals that the fraction of evaporation contributed by the surrounding area increases steadily to a value of 77% at a distance of 224 m and thereafter declines rapidly. Thus, point climate observations may not reflect surface conditions at greater distances. This result was tested through the deployment of four weather stations on the wetland. The resultant data suggested that homogeneous conditions prevailed so that the central weather station provided reliable areal estimates of reference evaporation during the observation period March–April 1999. This may be a result of not accounting for high wind speeds and roughness found in wetlands that lead to widespread atmospheric mixing. It should be noted this analysis was based upon data collected during the period March-April when wind direction was constant (westerly) and the land surface was moist. There could be more variation at other times of the year that would lead to greater heterogeneity in actual evaporation.</p> <p style='line-height: 20px;'><b>Keywords: </b>evaporation, Penman-Monteith, automatic weather station, fetch, wetland</p

Stable habitable zones of single Jovian planet systems

With continued improvement in telescope sensitivity and observational techniques, the search for rocky planets in stellar habitable zones is entering an exciting era. With so many exoplanetary systems available for follow-up observations to find potentially habitable planets, one needs to prioritise the ever-growing list of candidates. We aim to determine which of the known planetary systems are dynamically capable of hosting rocky planets in their habitable zones, with the goal of helping to focus future planet search programs. We perform an extensive suite of numerical simulations to identify regions in the habitable zones of single Jovian planet systems where Earth mass planets could maintain stable orbits, specifically focusing on the systems in the Catalog of Earth-like Exoplanet Survey Targets (CELESTA). We find that small, Earth-mass planets can maintain stable orbits in cases where the habitable zone is largely, or partially, unperturbed by a nearby Jovian, and that mutual gravitational interactions and resonant mechanisms are capable of producing stable orbits even in habitable zones that are significantly or completely disrupted by a Jovian. Our results yield a list of 13 single Jovian planet systems in CELESTA that are not only capable of supporting an Earth-mass planet on stable orbits in their habitable zone, but for which we are also able to constrain the orbits of the Earth-mass planet such that the induced radial velocity signals would be detectable with next generation instruments.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication by MNRA

Vice President Spiro T. Agnew to Senator James O. Eastland, 26 November 1969

Copy typed letter dated 26 November 1969 from Agnew to Eastland, re: thanks for letter of 14 November. Original removed to VIP Restricted Access location.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/joecorr_f/1015/thumbnail.jp

Vice President Spiro T. Agnew to Senator James O. Eastland, 10 October 1973

Copy typed letter dated 10 October 1973 from Agnew to Eastland, re: resignation as Vice-President. Original removed to VIP Restricted Access location.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/joecorr_f/1018/thumbnail.jp

Address by the Vice President

Commencement address given by Spiro T. Agnew, Vice President of the United States, to the Spring 1969 graduating class of The Ohio State University, Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, June 7, 1969

Exhibiting Warriors at Glenbow

Glenbow opened Warriors: A Global Journey Through Five Centuries in April 1994. This interdisciplinary exhibit examines issues faced by warriors in many different cultures. The curators faced several issues in developing this theme, including the value of an interdisciplinary exhibit, the difficulty in achieving balance in the exhibit, representation of other cultures, the representation of women as combatants, finding artifacts to fit the topics, and avoiding the representation of warriors as relics of the past. Résumé Le Musée Glenbow a inauguré en avril 1994 l'exposition interdisciplinaire Warriors: A Global Journey Through Five Centuries, qui examine les problèmes auxquels se sont heurtés les combattants de nombreuses cultures différentes. Au cours de l'élaboration de ce thème, les conservateurs ont dû tenir compte de plusieurs facteurs, notamment la valeur d'une exposition interdisciplinaire, la difficulté de parvenir à un juste équilibre, la représentation d'autres cultures, la représentation des femmes en tant que combattantes, la recherche d'objets propres aux sujets retenus et la nécessité d'éviter de représenter les combattants comme des reliques du passé

Rsr1 Palmitoylation and GTPase Activity Status Differentially Coordinate Nuclear, Septin, and Vacuole Dynamics in Candida albicans

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Effect of uniformity of land application of solid cattle manure on crop yield and soil nitrate

Non-Peer ReviewedEquipment used in Western Canada to apply solid cattle manure (SCM) are known to exhibit uneven uniformity of distribution of material. For organic bio-solid manures to be a viable supplement or alternative to chemical fertilizers, it is essential that the uniformity of distribution of the product be measured by the effect that occurs on soil components and crop yields. A precise field scale solid manure applicator has been developed at the University of Saskatchewan and Prairie Agricultural Machinery Institute that is capable of precise surface and subsurface application of solid organic manure. The Low and Mid C.V. treatments at the low SCM application rate achieved similar grain yield results and were significantly higher than the High C.V. high SCM rate treatments. Addition of urea fertilizer to the treatments boosted grain yield production in most of the C.V. and rate treatments, however most of these increases were found to be not significantly different from urea only fertilized treatment plots. The addition of urea fertilizer in most of the treatments increased soil NO3-N compared to the non-urea fertilized treatments. There was however, no significant difference in soil NO3-N among the three C.V. treatments without the addition of urea fertilizer. The lack of large manure impacts is likely related to low release of available nutrient in the year in application

Effect of variability in cattle manure application on soil nutrients and crop yield

Non-Peer Reviewe