15 research outputs found

    FATORES QUE INFLUENCIAM A PRÁTICA DO ENFERMEIRO NA CONSULTA DE PUERICULTURA NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA

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    Objective: to analyze the factors that influence the practice of nurses in childcare consultations in Primary Care. Method: a cross-sectional study with 31 Family Health nurses from a municipality in the Northeast of Brazil, using a checklist with dimensions of care implemented in childcare. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney test were used. Results: consultations carried out by nurses with time to complete the graduation and time of work of up to ten years presented care focused on the dimensions of reception, anamnesis and assessment of the vaccination status and supplements. While those with a period of more than ten years prioritized the assessment of growth and the records in the medical records and in the Child's Handbook. There was a significant association between being female and having specialization with the performance of professionals. Conclusion: the factors that influence the practice of nurses in childcare lead to important care differences, which can compromise the comprehensiveness of child care.Objetivo: analizar los factores que influyen en la práctica de los enfermeros en las consultas de puericultura en Atención Primaria. Método: estudio transversal con 31 enfermeros de Salud de la Familia de un municipio del Nordeste de Brasil, utilizando una lista de verificación con dimensiones de cuidado implementadas en el cuidado del niño. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva y la prueba de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: las consultas realizadas por enfermeros con tiempo de graduación y tiempo de trabajo de hasta diez años presentaron cuidados enfocados en las dimensiones de recepción, anamnesis y evaluación del estado de vacunación y suplementos. Mientras que aquellos con un período de más de diez años priorizaron la evaluación del crecimiento y los registros en la historia clínica y en el Manual del Niño. Hubo asociación significativa entre ser mujer y tener especialización con el desempeño de los profesionales. Conclusión: los factores que influyen en la práctica de los enfermeros en el cuidado del niño conducen a importantes diferencias en el cuidado, que pueden comprometer la integralidad del cuidado del niño.Objetivo: analisar os fatores que influenciam a prática do enfermeiro na consulta de puericultura na Atenção Primária. Método: estudo transversal com 31 enfermeiros da Saúde da Família de município do Nordeste do Brasil, utilizando-se checklist com dimensões do cuidado implementadas na puericultura. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística  escritiva e teste de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: as consultas realizadas por enfermeiros com tempo de conclusão da graduação e tempo de atuação de até dez anos apresentaram um cuidado voltado para as dimensões acolhimento, anamnese e avaliação da situação vacinal e suplementações. Enquanto aqueles com tempo superior a dez anos priorizaram a avaliação do crescimento e os registros no prontuário e na Caderneta da Criança. Houve associação significativa entre o sexo feminino e ter especialização com o desempenho dos profissionais. Conclusão: os fatores que influenciam a prática dos enfermeiros na puericultura acarretam importantes diferenças assistenciais, podendo comprometer a integralidade do cuidado à criança. Descritores: Atenção Primária à Saúde. Avaliação de Desempenho Profissional. Crescimento e Desenvolvimento. Cuidado da Criança. Enfermeiros

    Fatores limitadores à reabilitação da musculatura do assoalho pélvico em pacientes com incontinência urinária de esforço

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    A reabilitação da musculatura do assoalho pélvico tem sido preconizada por diversos autores como uma terapia de primeira linha para o tratamento da incontinência urinária de esforço. Apresenta vantagens por ser não invasiva, de baixo custo e sem efeitos colaterais. Porém, fatores como aderência, motivação, compreensão da terapia e deficiência esfincteriana podem interferir nos resultados dessa abordagem terapêutica. A fim de se conhecer o impacto dos fatores citados acima e se investigar o efeito de cada um destes na intervenção fisioterápica foi feita uma revisão da literatura.The rehabilitation of the pelvic floor muscles has been postulated by many authors as a firstline therapy for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. It has advantages, such as being a noninvasive, lowcost therapy without side effects. However, factors such as adherence, motivation, therapy understanding and intrinsic sphincter deficiency can interfere with the results of this therapeutic approach. A literature review was carried out to understand the impact of aforementioned factors and investigate the effect of each one of them on the physical therapy intervention

    Diretriz Brasileira sobre a Saúde Cardiovascular no Climatério e na Menopausa – 2024

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    Women, who represent approximately half of the global population according to estimates as of January 2024, may experience signs and symptoms of menopause for at least one-third of their lives, during which they have a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The effects of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on the progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events vary depending on the age at which MHT is initiated and the time since menopause until its initiation. Beneficial effects on CVD outcomes and all-cause mortality have been observed when MHT was initiated before the age of 60 or within 10 years after menopause. The decision regarding the initiation, dose, regimen, and duration of MHT should be made individually after discussing the benefits and risks with each patient. For primary prevention of postmenopausal chronic conditions, the combined use of estrogen and progestogen is not recommended in asymptomatic women, nor is the use of estrogen alone in hysterectomized women. Hormone-dependent neoplasms contraindicate MHT. For the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, vaginal estrogen therapy may be used in patients with known cardiovascular risk factors or established CVD. For women with contraindications to MHT or who refuse it, non-hormonal therapies with proven efficacy (antidepressants, gabapentin, and fezolinetant) may improve vasomotor symptoms. Compounded hormonal implants, or "bioidentical" and "compounded" hormones, and "hormone modulation" are not recommended due to lack of scientific evidence of their effectiveness and safety.Mujeres, que representan aproximadamente la mitad de la población mundial según estimaciones de enero de 2024, pueden experimentar signos y síntomas de la menopausia durante al menos un tercio de sus vidas, durante los cuales tienen un mayor riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad cardiovascular. Los efectos de la terapia hormonal de la menopausia (THM) en la progresión de la aterosclerosis y los eventos de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) varían según la edad en que se inicia la THM y el tiempo transcurrido desde la menopausia hasta su inicio. Se han observado efectos beneficiosos en los resultados de ECV y la mortalidad por todas las causas cuando la THM se inició antes de los 60 años o dentro de los 10 años posteriores a la menopausia. La decisión sobre la iniciación, dosis, régimen y duración de la THM debe tomarse individualmente después de discutir los beneficios y riesgos con cada paciente. Para la prevención primaria de condiciones crónicas en la posmenopausia, no se recomienda el uso combinado de estrógeno y progestágeno en mujeres asintomáticas, ni el uso de estrógeno solo en mujeres histerectomizadas. Las neoplasias dependientes de hormonas contraindican la THM. Para el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, se puede usar terapia estrogénica vaginal en pacientes con factores de riesgo cardiovascular conocidos o ECV establecida. Para mujeres con contraindicaciones a la THM o que la rechazan, las terapias no hormonales con eficacia demostrada (antidepresivos, gabapentina y fezolinetant) pueden mejorar los síntomas vasomotores. Los implantes hormonales compuestos, o hormonas "bioidénticas" y "compuestas", y la "modulación hormonal" no se recomiendan debido a la falta de evidencia científica sobre su efectividad y seguridad.As mulheres, que representam cerca de metade da população mundial segundo estimativas de janeiro de 2024, podem sofrer com sinais e sintomas da menopausa durante pelo menos um terço de suas vidas, quando apresentam maiores risco e morbimortalidade cardiovasculares. Os efeitos da terapia hormonal da menopausa (THM) na progressão de eventos de aterosclerose e doença cardiovascular (DCV) variam de acordo com a idade em que a THM é iniciada e o tempo desde a menopausa até esse início. Efeitos benéficos nos resultados de DCV e na mortalidade por todas as causas ocorreram quando a THM foi iniciada antes dos 60 anos de idade ou nos 10 anos que se seguiram à menopausa. A decisão sobre o início, a dose, o regime e a duração da THM deve ser tomada individualmente após discussão sobre benefícios e riscos com cada paciente. Para a prevenção primária de condições crônicas na pós-menopausa, não se recomendam o uso combinado de estrogênio e progestagênio em mulheres assintomáticas nem o uso de estrogênio sozinho em mulheres histerectomizadas. Neoplasias hormônio-dependentes contraindicam a THM. Para tratamento da síndrome geniturinária da menopausa, pode-se utilizar terapia estrogênica por via vaginal em pacientes com fatores de risco cardiovascular conhecidos ou DCV estabelecida. Para mulheres com contraindicação à THM ou que a recusam, terapias não hormonais com eficácia comprovada (antidepressivos, gabapentina e fezolinetante) podem melhorar os sintomas vasomotores. Os implantes hormonais manipulados, ou hormônios “bioidênticos” “manipulados”, e a ‘modulação hormonal’ não são recomendados pela falta de evidência científica de sua eficácia e segurança

    Tecnologia e humanização em ambientes intensivos Tecnología y humanización en ambientes intensivos Technology and humanization in critical care environments

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    Devido aos avanços obtidos com a revolução industrial através de descobertas em maquinário tecnológico, a relação profissional-paciente tem se tornado cada vez mais automatizada, deixando a humanização em segundo plano. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma reflexão o processo de humanização em ambientes intensivos e sua relação com a inserção da tecnologia. A tecnologia contribui de maneira efetiva no tratamento de pacientes que exigem cuidados extremos. Entretanto, se estiver associada a humanização pode alcançar resultados satisfatórios, melhorando assim o acolhimento do cliente que recebe cuidados providenciados pela tecnologia.Debido a los avances logrados con la revolución industrial a través de descubrimientos tecnológicos en maquinaria, la relación profesional-paciente se ha convertido cada vez más automatizada, lo que deja la humanización en el fondo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue reflexionar acerca del proceso de humanización y su relación con la inserción de la tecnología. La tecnología contribuye de manera eficaz en el tratamiento de pacientes que requieren atención extrema. Sin embargo, si se asocia con la humanización puede lograr resultados satisfactorios, mejorando así la acogida al cliente que recibe la atención promovida por la tecnología.Because of the advances made with the industrial revolution through technological discoveries in machinery, professional-patient relationship has become increasingly automated, leaving the humanization in the background. The purpose of this paper was to reflect about the humanization process in intensive environments and its relation with the technology insertion. Technology contributes as an effective way to treat patients who require extreme care. However, if it is associated with humanization can achieves satisfactory results, improving the host of customer who receives the care provided by technology

    Agronomic responses of grapevine ‘Chenin Blanc’ as a function of training systems and rootstocks

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    The aim of this research was to study the influence of training system and rootstock on the yield, vigor and physiology of the ‘Chenin Blanc’ grapevine at São Francisco Valley, northeastern Brazil. An experiment was carried out on eight harvests, from 2013 to 2017, in Petrolina, in the state of Pernambuco. Grapevines were grown under two training systems, lyre and espalier, and five rootstocks: ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 313’, ‘IAC 766’, ‘Paulsen 1103’ and ‘SO4’, using a split-plot randomized block design, with training systems assigned to the main plot and the rootstock assigned to the subplot. Lyre favored an increase in the number of bunches, branches and leaf mass in the harvest of the first semester of the year, while in the second semester there were increases of 40 % in the number of bunches and 10 % in leaf mass. Lyre promoted more balanced vines, showing a better ratio between production and pruning weight (Ravaz index). The rootstocks ‘IAC 766’, ‘IAC 313’ and ‘IAC 572’ increased yield and bunch mass under both training systems, while ‘SO4’ reduced yield and vigor. The stomatal conductance and instantaneous efficiency of water use were not influenced by either the training system or the rootstock. Under tropical conditions in the São Francisco Valley, ‘Chenin Blanc’ grapevine may be grown under the lyre training system, preferably on the ‘IAC 766’ rootstock, to obtain high yields and balanced grapevines

    NeuroDem - a neural network based short term demand forecaster.

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    The application of Neural Network (NN) based Short-Term Load Forecasting (STLF) has developed to sophisticated practical systems over the years. However, the question of how to maximize the generalization ability of such machines, together with the choice of architecture, activation functions, training set data and size, etc. makes up a huge number of possible combinations for the final NN design, whose optimal solution has not been figured yet. This paper describes a STLF system (NeuroDem) which has been used by Brazilian electric utilities for 3 years. It uses a non-parametric model based on a linear model coupled with a polynomial network, identified by pruninglgrowing mechanisms. NeuroDem has special features of data pre-processing and confidence intervals calculations, which are also described. Results of load forecasts are presented for one year with forecasting horizons from 15 min. to 168 hours ahead

    Artificial neural network-based short-term demand forecaster.

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    The importance of Short-Term Load Forecasting (STLF) has been increasing lately. With deregulation and competition, energy price forecasting has become a big business. Bus load forecasting is essential to feed analytical methods utilized for determining energy prices. The variability and non-stationarity of loads are becoming worse due to the dynamics of energy tariffs. Besides, the number of nodal loads to be predicted does not allow frequent interventions from load forecasting experts. More autonomous load predictors are needed in the new competitive scenario. The application of neural network-based STLF has developed sophisticated practical systems over the years. However, the question of how to maximize the generalization ability of such machines, together with the choice of architecture, activation functions, training set data and size, etc. makes up a huge number of possible combinations for the final Neural Network (NN) design, whose optimal solution has not been figured yet. This paper describes a STLF system which uses a non-parametric model based on a linear model coupled with a polynomial network, identified by pruning/growing mechanisms. The load forecaster has special features of data preprocessing and confidence intervals calculations, which are also described. Results of load forecasts are presented for one year with forecasting horizons from 15 min. to 168 hours ahea

    Association between clinical, serological, functional and radiological findings and ventilatory distribution heterogeneity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

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    BackgroundIn rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the involvement of the pulmonary interstitium can lead to structural changes in the small airways and alveoli, leading to reduced airflow and maldistribution of ventilation. The single-breath nitrogen washout (SBN2W) test is a measure of the ventilatory distribution heterogeneity and evaluates the small airways. This study aimed to find out which clinical, serological, functional and radiological findings are useful to identify RA patients with pathological values of the phase III slope (SIII) measured by the SBN2W test.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study in which RA patients were assessed using the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and underwent serological analysis of autoantibodies and inflammatory markers. In addition, they underwent pulmonary function tests (including the SBN2W test) and chest computed tomography (CT).ResultsOf the 60 RA patients evaluated, 39 (65%) had an SIII >120% of the predicted value. There were significant correlations between SIII and age (r = 0.56, pConclusionsIn patients with RA, FVC, extent of lung involvement and age, all of which are easily obtained variables in clinical practice, identify poorly distributed ventilation. In addition, the presence of respiratory symptoms and deteriorated physical function are closely related to the distribution of ventilation in these patients

    Comportamento ingestivo de vacas leiteiras em pastejo recebendo níveis de inclusão de farelo de mamona detoxicado na dieta

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    This study evaluated the feeding behavior of lactating cows on pasture of Brachiaria (Urochloa) decumbens fed with concentrate supplementation containing different levels of castor meal inclusion treated with calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2, in the proportions of 0; 3.3; 6.6 to 10% of the total diet. Eight cows (degree of blood ½ to ¾ Holstein x Zebu), with previous average production of 3000-4000 kg adjusted to 300 days of lactation and average body weight of 465.16 kg ± 65.45 kg were distributed in two 4 x 4 Latin squares. The behavior was assessed every five minutes for 24 hours on the 21st day of each period. The results were tested by analysis of variance and regression at p < 0.05 probability. The time spent in grazing, rumination, idle and in the trough; total chewing time, number of cuds per day, chewing per day; chewing per cud; the number of periods of grazing, rumination, idle and in the trough; time spent by period of grazing, rumination, idle and in the trough were not different between treatments. The feed efficiency (g DM h-1; g NDFa h-1 and g TDN h-1) and time spent per cud ruminated TSR sec cud-1) were linearly reduced. It is recommended to include up to 10% castor meal treated with Ca (OH)2 in the total diet.Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento ingestivo de vacas leiteiras em pastagem de Brachiaria (Urochloa) decumbens submetidas a suplementação concentrada com diferentes níveis de inclusão de farelo de mamona tratada com hidróxido de cálcio Ca(OH)2, nas proporções de 0; 3,3; 6,6 e 10% na dieta total. Utilizaram-se oito vacas (grau de sangue ½ a ¾ Holandês x Zebu), com produção média anterior entre 3.000 a 4.000 kg, ajustada para 300 dias de lactação e peso corporal médio 465,16 kg ± 65,45 kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois Quadrados Latinos 4 x 4. O comportamento foi avaliado a cada cinco minutos, durante 24 horas no 21º dia de cada período. Os resultados foram submetidos a análises de variância e regressão a 0,05 de probabilidade. Os tempos despendidos nas atividades de pastejo, ruminação, ócio e cocho; tempo de mastigação total, número de bolos ruminados por dia, mastigação por dia; mastigação por bolo; o número de período de pastejo, ruminação, ócio e cocho; tempo gasto por período de pastejo, ruminação, ócio e cocho não houve diferença entre os tratamentos. A eficiência de alimentação (em g MS h-1; g FDNC h-1 e g NDT h-1) e tempo gasto por bolo ruminado TRB seg bolo-1 reduziram linearmente. Recomenda-se a inclusão de até 10% de farelo de mamona tratada com Ca(OH)2 na dieta total
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