HISTÓRICO E REESTRUTURAÇÃO DAS LINHAS DE PESQUISA DO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM SAÚDE E ENVELHECIMENTO

Esta revisão narrativa apresenta estudos desenvolvidos no curso de mestrado acadêmico do Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Envelhecimento, da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (Famema), o qual foi aprovado pela CAPES em 2011, com início em 2012. Atualmente, possui duas linhas de pesquisa: (1) Educação e cuidado à saúde no ciclo da vida, (2) Aspectos biológicos e clínicos do binômio saúde-doença no processo de envelhecimento. Integra a Rede dos Programas de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinares em Envelhecimento (REPRINTE) desde a sua implementação. Importante ressaltar que o Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Envelhecimento não está voltado exclusivamente à formação acadêmico-científica em Geriatria ou Gerontologia, mas também ao “cuidado à saúde e ao enfrentamento de doenças ao longo do processo do envelhecimento", ou seja, do nascimento até a morte. Nos primeiros oito anos de funcionamento do Programa (2012 a 2020), três linhas de pesquisa estavam vigentes, tendo sido configuradas desde o envio da Apresentação de Propostas de Cursos Novos (APCN) à CAPES. Com o transcorrer do curso e as experiências adquiridas, ficou evidente a necessidade de uma profunda reestruturação das linhas e dos projetos de pesquisa cadastrados no programa. Assim, esta narrativa descreve o histórico e o processo de reestruturação das linhas de pesquisa do programa e a revisão dos projetos a elas vinculados

Impact of corporate R&D on efficiency in OECD industries

Efficiency and productivity have always been a key issue in economic science. The analysis of the impact of R&D (Research and Development) has been extensively studied in industries and countries of more or less aggregated level. This paper aims to investigate the impact of corporate R&D in performance of low-tech industries, medium-tech and high-tech in OECD countries. This paper aims to answer the questions: Is the impact of R&D significant for all types of industries? If so, what are the differences and the magnitude of these effects in each of these types of industries? To this end, an unbalanced dataset from 2000 to 2011 was collected for the main countries of Europe and the United States concerning low, medium and high-tech to analyse the impact of the magnitude of corporate R&D and capital accumulation on productivity of these industries. The productivity of industries was measured by stochastic parametric frontier functions, in order to measure the efficiency of R&D and accumulation of capital on labour productivity. The main results highlight the impact of corporate R&D on productivity of high-tech industries, but for other industries those relations are not clear. However, capital accumulation became crucial on low technology to improve their performance. These results, although needing to include a more extensive dataset of industries across countries, refer the need for policy and decision makers to allocate public funds for R&D in high-tech industries, while the investment in capital seems crucial, particularly in low-tech industries to improve the productivity.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Exercise increases the angiotensin II effects in isolated portal vein of trained rats

Training in rats adapts the portal vein to respond vigorously to sympathetic stimuli even when the animal is re-exposed to exercise. Moreover, changes in the exercise-induced effects of angiotensin II, a potent venoconstrictor agonist, in venous beds remain to be investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effects of angiotensin II in the portal vein and vena cava from sedentary and trained rats at rest or submitted to an exercise session immediately before organ bath experiments. We found that training or exposure of sedentary animals to a single bout of running exercise does not significantly change the responses of the rat portal vein to angiotensin II. However, the exposure of trained animals to a single bout of running exercise enhanced the response of the rat portal vein to angiotensin II. This enhancement appeared to be territory-specific because it was not observed in the vena cava. Moreover, it was not observed inendothelium-disrupted preparations and in preparations treated with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl esterhydrochloride, indomethacin, BQ-123 or BQ-788. These data indicate that training causes adaptations in the rat portal vein that respond vigorously to angiotensin II even upon re-exposure to exercise. This increased response to angiotensin II requires an enhancement of the vasocontractile influence of endothelin beyond the influence of nitric oxide and vasodilator prostanoids

HISTÓRICO E REESTRUTURAÇÃO DAS LINHAS DE PESQUISA DO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM SAÚDE E ENVELHECIMENTO

Esta revisão narrativa apresenta estudos desenvolvidos no curso de mestrado acadêmico do Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Envelhecimento, da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (Famema), o qual foi aprovado pela CAPES em 2011, com início em 2012. Atualmente, possui duas linhas de pesquisa: (1) Educação e cuidado à saúde no ciclo da vida, (2) Aspectos biológicos e clínicos do binômio saúde-doença no processo de envelhecimento. Integra a Rede dos Programas de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinares em Envelhecimento (REPRINTE) desde a sua implementação. Importante ressaltar que o Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Envelhecimento não está voltado exclusivamente à formação acadêmico-científica em Geriatria ou Gerontologia, mas também ao “cuidado à saúde e ao enfrentamento de doenças ao longo do processo do envelhecimento", ou seja, do nascimento até a morte. Nos primeiros oito anos de funcionamento do Programa (2012 a 2020), três linhas de pesquisa estavam vigentes, tendo sido configuradas desde o envio da Apresentação de Propostas de Cursos Novos (APCN) à CAPES. Com o transcorrer do curso e as experiências adquiridas, ficou evidente a necessidade de uma profunda reestruturação das linhas e dos projetos de pesquisa cadastrados no programa. Assim, esta narrativa descreve o histórico e o processo de reestruturação das linhas de pesquisa do programa e a revisão dos projetos a elas vinculados

Academic research challenges in Brasil and its impairment by COVID-19 pandemic

Introdução: A pandemia pelo COVID-19 e suas medidas de controle, não vivenciadas no mundo nos últimos cem anos, impactou a produção científica acadêmica, a qual, no Brasil, já se encontrava em processo de erosão progressiva de seus alicerces. Por conseguinte, a iniciação científica durante a graduação, extremamente benéfica na formação médica, que é dependente de fomento e estrutura institucional, sofreu um impacto negativo com as medidas restritivas.  Objetivo: O artigo discorre em um ponto de vista de estudantes de medicina, envolvidos em pesquisas, acerca do panorama da produção científica acadêmica brasileira e o impacto perante a pandemia COVID-19 em seus múltiplos aspectos. Discussão: A falta de uma iniciação científica efetiva é um dos muitos fatores que levam ao declínio do número de médicos pesquisadores. Nesse ínterim, o modo como a iniciação científica está inserida, como parte de um currículo paralelo, e toda uma estrutura de produção pública sucateada são aspectos danosos, crônicos e dignos de nota. O aparato de produção científica nacional é majoritariamente estruturado nas instituições de ensino superior e institutos de pesquisa, ambas públicas. No âmbito da graduação, pode ser didaticamente subdividido em quatro pilares: fomento, estrutura, proatividade do estudante e aptidão do orientador. A pandemia do COVID-19 tem sido um golpe adicional a essa estrutura debilitada e frágil. A iniciação científica foi, com isso, negativamente impactada. A opinião pública e aspectos políticos influenciam adicionalmente em um imbróglio de “negacionismo científico” e anseio por informações e soluções eficazes para o problema inédito de uma pandemia dessa proporção. Conclusão: Percebe-se que produção científica nacional é colocada numa situação de sobrevivência diante de novos desafios postos pela pandemia. Da mesma forma, a iniciação científica é cada vez menos estimuladora durante a graduação, apesar de ser uma experiência de grande valor na formação médica e pessoal.Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and its control measures, which have not been experienced in the world in the last hundred years, have impacted academic scientific production, which, in Brazil, was already in the process of progressive erosion of its foundations. Thus, scientific initiation during medical graduation, which depends on funding and institutional structure, and extremely beneficial to the graduation process, was jeopardized due to restrictive measures. Objective: This article aims to expose the point of view of undergraduate medical students enrolled in a scientific initiation program about the panorama of Brazilian academic scientific production and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in its multiple aspects. Discussion: The lack of an effective scientific initiation is one of the many factors that lead to a decline in the number of medical researchers. The way that scientific initiation is placed, as part of a parallel curriculum, and a whole scrapped public production structure are impairing, chronic and noteworthy features. The apparatus of national scientific production is mostly structured in Higher Education Institutions and research institutions, both public. Within the scope of graduation, it can be didactically subdivided into four pillars: financial support, structure, student proactivity and the advisor's aptitude. The COVID-19 pandemic has been an additional blow to this weakened and fragile structure. Scientific initiation was thus negatively impacted. Public opinion and political aspects further influence an imbroglio of “scientific denial” and a craving for effective information and solutions to the unprecedented problem of a pandemic of this proportion. Conclusion: It is clear that national scientific production is placed in a survival situation in the face of new challenges posed by the pandemic. Likewise, scientific initiation is less and less stimulating during graduation, even though it is an experience of great value in medical and personal development

Norepinephrine responses in rat renal and femoral veins are reinforced by vasoconstrictor prostanoids

Norepinephrine (NE) responses are larger in renal and femoral veins compared to phenylephrine (PE). These differences may be due to the subtypes of adrenoceptor involved in these responses or to the involvement of local modulatory mechanisms. Therefore, the present study investigated in organ bath the adrenoceptor subtypes involved in the NE and PE responses in both renal and femoral veins as well as the influence of local mechanisms related to NO and to prostanoids upon these responses. The obtained data showed that the NE responses in these veins were not significantly modified by the selective inhibition of β1 or β2-adrenoceptors as well as AT1 or AT2 receptors. However, yohimbine reduced the NE Rmax in renal veins and, in parallel, right shifted the NE concentration-response curves in femoral veins. In both veins, prazosin reduced the NE Rmax and the clonidine induced a measurable contraction. The endothelium removal attenuated the NE responses in femoral veins, thereby abolishing the differences of NE and PE responses. Furthermore, the NE responses in renal and femoral veins were attenuated by indomethacin, which suppressed the statistical difference in relation to the PE response. In conclusion, a synergism between α1- and α2-adrenoceptors is essential to assure full NE contractile responses in both renal and femoral veins. Thus, by acting simultaneously in these adrenoceptors, NE induces more pronounced contractile responses, in comparison to PE, not only in renal but also in femoral veins. Moreover, this pronounced NE response in both renal and femoral veins appears to involve endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor prostanoids.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Endothelial AT(1) and AT(2) pathways in aortic responses to angiotensin II after stress and ethanol consumption in rats

Stress and ethanol are important cardiovascular risk factors. Their vascular and blood pressure (BP) effects were evaluated alone and in combination. Adult male Wistar rats (8-10 per group) were separated into control, ethanol (ethanol 20% in drinking water for 6 weeks), stress (restraint 1 h/d 5 d/week for 6 weeks), and ethanol/stress (in combination) groups. Systolic BP was evaluated weekly. Concentration-response curves for contractile responses to angiotensin II in the absence and the presence of losartan (AT(1)-blocker), PD123-319 (AT(2)-blocker), L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), or indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor) were obtained in isolated intact and endothelium-denuded aortas. Effective concentration 50% (EC50) and maximum response (MR) were compared among groups using MANOVA/Tukey tests. Stress and stress plus ethanol increased BP. Ethanol and stress, alone and in combination, did not alter angiotensin responses of intact aortas. PD123-319 decreased MR to angiotensin II in intact aortas from the ethanol and ethanol/stress groups relative to control in the presence of PD123-319. Losartan increased MR to angiotensin II in intact aortas from the stress and ethanol/stress groups relative to control in the presence of losartan. None of the protocols altered angiotensin responses of denuded aortas. Neither indomethacin nor L-NAME altered angiotensin responses of intact aortas from the experimental groups. Thus ethanol and ethanol plus stress may alter endothelial signaling via AT(1)-receptors, without changing systemic BP. Stress and stress plus ethanol may alter endothelial signaling via AT(2)-receptors, and thereby increase BP. Knowledge of such vascular changes induced by stress and/or ethanol may contribute to understanding adverse cardiovascular effects of stress and ethanol consumption in humans.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Plasma antioxidant substances apparently do not influence the radiodermatitis occurrence

AIMS: Radiation affects not only tumors but also healthy tissues through the increment of oxidative stress. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress degree as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in the plasma of patients submitted to radiotherapy and to verify if these parameters are modified in those patients who develop radiodermatitis.METHODS: Forty-one patients submitted to radiotherapy for treatment of breast cancer were followed. From these patients, plasma samples were obtained at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the treatment, for analysis of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP).RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in terms of TBARS and FRAP in plasma harvested from these patients at the beginning and at the middle of the treatment. There was lower incidence of grade two radiodermatitis among patients undergoing radiotherapy with hypofractionated doses. There were no differences in FRAP or TBARS among patients who developed radiodermatitis of any degree in relation to those who did not develop this side effect. No differences of FRAP or TBARS were observed between patients that presented grade two radiodermatitis regarding to the others studied.CONCLUSION: There was no clear relationship between changes in TBARS or FRAP with the occurrence or severity of radiodermatitis