Efectos de la administración exógena de rhGH sobre la ingesta, composición corporal y nómica Canaria

Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal), leída el 24-02-1994Sección Deptal. de Fisiología (Farmacia)Fac. de FarmaciaTRUEpu

Hormona de crecimiento, destete y estado nutritivo

The GH-IGF-I system constitutes the major determinant of body size, specially in postnatal growth. It is well established that exogenous GH increases muscle mass and decreases lipid content, leading to the alteration of nutrients repartitioning. The mechanism involves, at least, an increase in the protein synthesis and creates a status of positive nitrogen balance by increasing nitrogen retention and decreasing protein catabolism in animals fed an adequate diet. GH can act directly on tissues inducing these metabolic changes and can also stimulate IGF-I in an endocrine, autocrine or paracrine fashion. Body fat decreases by the increase of triglycerides hydrolysis and the decrease of free fatty acid re-esterification. The magnitude of the response to exogenous GH is variable and at least partly attributable to the nutritional status and to the growth stage of animal. The action of growth hormone is minimal between the 2nd and the 3rd week of age and is manifested at 31 days of age, increasing its efficacy at puberty. The reason for this refractoriness to GH treatment is unknown but it can be related to the biphasic response developed in mice fed two dietary protein levels between 21 to 50 days of age, when administered with rhGH. The GH-induced fall of feed intake in mice between 21 and 30 days old provokes a loss of body and skeletal muscle components due to the lack of nutrients leading to the impairment of growth. Later on (35-50 days) the self-controlled increase of feed intake let the recovery of the body weight, through of a catch-up growth phenomenon, characterized by a higher lipid body accretion, similar to the compensatory growth developed during refeeding after protein-energy malnutrition, and possibly contemporary of a GH-resistance status of the fat mass. However, the GH anabolic action is clearly seen on the muscle mass, specially in the well-nourished mice, with increased fractional protein synthesis rate that allows higher both muscle protein deposit and muscle cellular size. Thus, GH administration throughout weaning seems to interfere with the delicate adaptive mechanisms to the solid diet, impeding normal growth bet ween the 3rd and 4th week of age and inducing a compensatory growth from 35 days of age.El eje GH-IGF-I es el regulador fundamental del crecimiento postnatal y el determinante del tamaño corporal. El tratamiento con GH aumenta la masa muscular y disminuye el depósito graso, modificando la redistribución de los depósitos corporales. Por su capacidad de aumentar la síntesis y de disminuir el catabolismo proteico genera un balance nitrogenado positivo, bien actuando directamente a nivel tisular o mediante la acción endocrina, paracrina o autocrina del factor IGF-I. De forma paralela, la hormona somatotropa incrementa la hidrólisis de los triglicéridos y disminuye la lipogénesis. Esta respuesta metabólica a la GH exógena varía con diversos factores, entre los que destacan el nivel nutritivo y la etapa de crecimiento del animal. Se conoce por una parte, que la acción somatotropa requiere de un aporte suficiente de nutrientes en la dieta y por otra, que sus efectos son mínimos entre la segunda y tercera semana de crecimiento postnatal, aumentando su eficacia entre los 31 días de vida y la pubertad. Aunque no se conoce la causa de esta refractoriedad al tratamiento con GH en estas primeras etapas de la vida, podría estar relacionada con la respuesta bifásica a la GH, desarrollada en ratones BALB/c machos rhGH-tratados entre los 21 y 50 días de vida y alimentados con dos concentraciones de proteína en la dieta (12 y 20%). La hipofagia GHinducida entre los 21 y 30 días de vida es la causa primordial del estado de subnutrición que aparece en estos animales y que da lugar a la detención del crecimiento por falta de sustratos, eliminando la acción anabólica de la hormona. Posteriormente, el incremento autorregulado de la ingesta favorece la recuperación del crecimiento entre los 35 y 50 días de vida, periodo en el que se desarrolla un crecimiento de carácter compensador, caracterizado por un acúmulo excesivo de la masa grasa, similar al determinado por el crecimiento que sigue a la realimentación después de malnutrición, lo que puede coexistir con un estado de resistencia del tejido adiposo a la GH. Sin embargo el efecto anabólico de la somatotropa parece manifestarse, en los animales bien nutridos, por un mayor depósito de la proteína muscular al incrementar la tasa fraccional de síntesis proteica, que permite la aparición de un fenómeno de hipertrofia compensadora. Por lo tanto, la administración de rhGH en el momento del destete parece interferir con los delicados mecanismos de adaptación a la alimentación sólida característicos de este periodo, e inducir el cese del crecimiento entre los 21 y 30 días, generando más tarde un crecimiento de carácter compensador que se inicia a partir de los 35 días de vida

Modelling the current and future potential distribution of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) a pest of importance for Mexico

Objective: to model the current and future potential distribution of Maconellicoccus hirsutus in order to identify changes in its distribution in Mexican Republic. Design / methodology / approach: 2,154 occurrence points were used, MaxEnt was used with the help of the Kuenm package implemented in Rstudio to select a final model. Which was projected throughout Mexico, six possible climate change scenarios with a proposed threshold (0.02). Results: a potential present surface of 1, 159,335.5 km2 was found, corresponding to 59% of the territorial surface, indicating a greater suitability in coastal areas including the gulf of Mexico, the entire Pacific slope and Yucatan peninsula. In all scenarios shows an increase in the potential area up to 1,423,890.18 km2 in 2050 and 1,537,591.19 km2 in 2070. Limitations of the study / implications: the predictions at 2050 and 2070 projections will depend on the climatic conditions that are presented at the time, so specific studies in each region should be carried out. Considering that the species may have adaptability to new climates which would imply constant monitoring. If an increase is observed in the distribution areas, the species could not only affect only agricultural areas but also forest ecosystems. Findings / conclusions: the projections made for scenarios 2050 and 2070 show an increase in the area of infestation and environmental suitability for pink cochineal, mainly in the states of the Pacific, Yucatan peninsula and the gulf of Mexico slopes, these areas being the most vulnerable.Objective: to model the current and future potential distribution of Maconellicoccus hirsutus in order to identify changes in its distribution in Mexico.Design/methodology/approach: to select a final model, 2,154 occurrence points were used and MaxEnt with the help of the Kuenm package implemented in Rstudio. It was projected throughout Mexico, using six possible climate change scenarios with a proposed threshold (0.02).Results: a potential present surface of 1,159,335.5 km2 was found, corresponding to 59 % of the territory, indicating a greater suitability in coastal areas including the Gulf of Mexico, the entire Pacific slope, and the Yucatan peninsula. All scenarios show an increase in the potential area of up to 1,423,890.18 km2 in 2050 and 1,537,591.19 km2 in 2070.Study limitations/implications: predictions for 2050 and 2070 will depend on the climatic conditions that take place at  the time, so specific studies in each region should be carried out, considering that the species may have adaptability to new climates which would imply constant monitoring. If an increase is observed in the distribution areas, the speciescould affect not only agricultural areas but also forest ecosystems.Findings/conclusions: the projections made for scenarios 2050 and 2070 show an increase in the area of infestation andenvironmental suitability for pink cochineal, mainly in the states of the Pacific watershed, the Yucatan peninsula, and theGulf of Mexico, with these areas being the most vulnerable

Teknik Tekstil Endüstrileri: Nonwoven Kumaş Örneği Ve Gaziantep’in Durumu

"Teknik tekstiller" kavramı ilk ortaya çıktığında sadece endüstriyel amaçlı (giysi ve ev tekstili dışında) tekstil malzemeleri için kullanılan bir ifade iken şu an geniş bir sektörü temsil eden bir kavrama dönüşmüştür. 130 milyar $'lık bir piyasa ve yüksek bir katma değer ile birçok ülke ve yatırımcının tercih ettiği bir sektör haline gelmiştir. Yıllar geçtikçe, teknolojinin de gelişimiyle, teknik tekstil üretiminde ve uygulama alanlarında büyük çapta artma olmuş; çok farklı özelliklere sahip lifler üretilmeye başlanmıştır. Teknik tekstiller, önceleri askeri ve sportif giysilerde kullanılmış; sonraları moda tasarımcılarının bu malzemeleri koleksiyonlarına taşımalarıyla, yüksek teknolojik tekstiller, günlük giysilere de adapte edilmeye başlanmıştır. 90'lı yıllardan sonra elektronik ürünlerin giysilerimize entegre edilmesiyle birlikte teknik tekstil üretimi yeni bir boyut kazanmıştır. Endüstriyel tekstil malzemesi üreticileri, moda tasarımcıları, tekstil sanatçıları ve bilim adamlarına kadar alanında uzman birçok kişinin katılımıyla teknik/akıllı malzemeler alanında yeni ürünler ortaya konmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, teknik tekstil piyasasının genişliği ve üretim açısından önde yer alan ülkelerdeki durumunun ne aşamada olduğu, gelecekte piyasanın ulaşacağı seviye ve ülkemizdeki durum hakkında veriler bir araya getirilerek sektörün genel bir bakış açısı ile değerlendirme imkânı sunmaya çalışılmıştır. İlk olarak teknik tekstil kavramları açıklanmış, daha sonra teknik tekstil sınıflamaları üzerinde durulmuştur. Dünya genelinde trend bir sektör haline gelen bu alanda genel durum ve ülkemizin durumu ortaya konmaya çalışılmış, iktisadi açıdan piyasa yapısı analiz edilmeye çalışılmış, yoğunlaşma ve Herfindal ve Hirschman endeksleri uygulanarak sektör yapısı hakkında daha net veriler ortaya konmuştur. Gaziantep'teki firmalar üzerinde yapılan bu endüstri yapısı değerlendirmesinden sonra firmaların mevcut durumlarını değerlendirmek için Swot analizi yapılmıştır

Implementación de un sistema b-learning en la enseñanza práctica de Fisiopatología

Fac. de FarmaciaFALSEsubmitte

Impacto de la implementación del aprendizaje basado en problemas en combinación con las prácticas de laboratorio clínico y virtual de Fisiopatología para el desarrollo de competencias profesionales

Sección Deptal. de Fisiología (Farmacia)Fac. de FarmaciaFALSEsubmitte

Implementación del aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) en la enseñanza práctica de la fisiología del sistema digestivo

Sección Deptal. de Fisiología (Farmacia)Fac. de FarmaciaFALSEsubmitte

Adaptación a un entorno semipresencial de una nueva herramienta mixta del aprendizaje basado en problemas en combinación con las prácticas de laboratorio clínico a la nueva asignatura Bases Anatómicas y Fisiología del Cuerpo Humano

Sección Deptal. de Fisiología (Farmacia)Fac. de FarmaciaFALSEsubmitte

Çédille, revista de estudios franceses

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