The efficacy of HDAC inhibitors in neoplasm treatment

Introduction and purpose: Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) are associated with epigenetic regulation of gene expression. They are responsible of adequate action of not only histone proteins, but also crucial cell cycle proteins, such as p53, NF‐κB or alpha tubulin. Recent studies have shown the connection between expression of HDAC and carcinogenesis and impact of HDAC inhibitors on cancer therapy. The aim of the study was to review the recent studies on HDAC inhibitors efficiency in the treatment of hematologic neoplasms and solid tumors. It is a study review from 2010 to 2020 using the PubMed database and ClinicalTrials.gov. Description of state of knowledge: Most studies related to HDAC inhibitors impact in hematological neoplasms, such as multiple myeloma, Hodgkin lymphoma, T-cell lymphomas and acute myeloid leukemia. Among studied agents panobinostat, vorinostat and showed efficacy. Moreover, some HDACi demonstrated effectiveness in solid tumors treatment, foremost vorinostat in breast cancer and entinostat in non-small cell lung lymphoma. Summary: Including HDAC inhibitors in tumor treatment could be beneficial for patients, especially those with advanced, relapsed or refractory hematologic neoplasm. However, further studies are necessary to confirm their efficacy and to reveal side effects

Effect of Long-Term Green Tea Extract Supplementation on Peripheral Blood Leukocytes in CrossFit-Trained and Untrained Men

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of long-term green tea extract (GTE) supplementation on white blood cells (WBC) in CrossFit-trained and untrained men. Twenty-eight men were recruited for this study including CrossFit-trained (CF-TR) and untrained (CF-UNT) men. The study was carried out in two phases. Phase 1 involved non-supplemented untrained and trained men. Phase 2 involved the same groups but after 6-week supplementation with 2 GTE capsules once daily. Body weight, body composition and the number and percentage of peripheral blood leukocyte populations were assessed in each phase. The results revealed that the long-term green tea supplementation did not have a significant effect on body weight, body composition and the total white blood cell count of the study participants. However, the percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils increased while monocyte and neutrophil counts decreased. The changes in white blood cells were less pronounced in CrossFit-trained compared to control participants. Summing up, it should be noted that long-term GTE supplementation in CrossFit-trained men did not result in significant changes in body weight and composition and the total white blood cell count. However, the changes in leukocyte subsets were less pronounced in CrossFit-trained compared to untrained participants

Miscibility of Phosphatidylcholines in Bilayers: Effect of Acyl Chain Unsaturation

The miscibility of phospholipids in a hydrated bilayer is an issue of fundamental importance for understanding the organization of biological membranes. Despite research on lipid miscibility, its molecular basis remains poorly understood. In this study, all-atom MD simulations complemented by Langmuir monolayer and DSC experiments have been performed to investigate the molecular organization and properties of lipid bilayers composed of phosphatidylcholines with saturated (palmitoyl, DPPC) and unsaturated (oleoyl, DOPC) acyl chains. The experimental results showed that the DOPC/DPPC bilayers are systems exhibiting a very limited miscibility (strongly positive values of excess free energy of mixing) at temperatures below the DPPC phase transition. The excess free energy of mixing is divided into an entropic component, related to the ordering of the acyl chains, and an enthalpic component, resulting from the mainly electrostatic interactions between the headgroups of lipids. MD simulations showed that the electrostatic interactions for lipid like-pairs are much stronger than that for mixed pairs and temperature has only a slight influence on these interactions. On the contrary, the entropic component increases strongly with increasing temperature, due to the freeing of rotation of acyl chains. Therefore, the miscibility of phospholipids with different saturations of acyl chains is an entropy-driven process

Ocena funkcjonowania gospodarstw rolnych dotkniętych suszą rolniczą na tle gospodarstw pozostałych położonych na glebach słabych

Celem analiz było porównanie sytuacji ekonomicznej i możliwości rozwoju gospodarstw rolnych dotkniętych suszą rolniczą i gospodarstw pozostałych funkcjonujących na glebach słabych. Dla osiągnięcia zamierzonego celu wykorzystano dane z gospodarstw specjalizujących się w uprawach polowych, chowie krów mlecznych i z produkcją wielostronną, które nieprzerwanie prowadziły rachunkowość dla Polskiego FADN w latach 2012-2014 oraz dane z Systemu Monitoringu Suszy Rolniczej (SMSR) prowadzonego przez Instytut Uprawy, Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy w Puławach w latach 2012-2014. Stwierdzono, że gospodarstwa specjalizujące się w uprawach polowych dotknięte suszą rolniczą w porównaniu do analogicznych gospodarstw pozostałych miały zdecydowanie mniejszy dochód na 1 ha UR, aczkolwiek były jednak w stanie inwestować w majątek trwały na poziomie zapewniającym jego dodatnią stopę reprodukcji. W pozostałych dwóch grupach gospodarstw dotkniętych suszą rolniczą, które przynajmniej w części zajmowały się chowem zwierząt, wpływ suszy rolniczej na ich sytuację ekonomiczną był znacznie mniejszy

Logistic activities of dairy enterprises in Poland

PURPOSE: The aim of the research was to identify activities in the field of logistics undertaken by dairy companies in Poland.DESIGN/APPROACH/METHODOLOGY: The research was carried out in 35 dairy enterprises operating in Poland. The research was conducted in 2021 using a guided interview questionnaire. In this study, descriptive, graphical and tabular methods were used, presented in further parts of the work. The research covered a diverse range of questions, corresponding to and falling within the scope of the subject matter of logistic activities undertaken by entities authorized to manufacture and distribute dairy industry products.FINDINGS: In the article, the authors focused mainly on presenting the main logistic activities that dairy companies operating in the country undertook to improve the condition of enterprises and the quality of products, including the issue of quality, the issue of delivery time of the raw material needed for production in the dairy industry, i.e. milk, as well as the subject of dairy industry products. The research shows that the main criteria for choosing a supplier are quality, price and brand.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Thus, it can be concluded that decisions regarding supply are placed high in Polish dairy enterprises.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Identification of the factors determining the functioning of logistics of dairy enterprises in Poland. The director, department manager, or sales manager are those who make the procurement decisions.peer-reviewe

Development of intermodal transport in the EU countries

PURPOSE: The main purpose of the article was to present the development of intermodal transport in individual EU countries. The specific purposes were to show the situation and directions of changes in the importance of intermodal transport in terms of the use of individual modes of transport, to show the leaders in this type of transport.DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: All EU countries were selected for research using the purposeful selection method, as of December 31, 2019. In total, 28 EU countries were examined. The research period covered the years 2008-2019. The data come from Eurostat.FINDINGS: In the years 2008-2019, intermodal transport grew in most EU countries, but very quickly in just a few. The concentration of this type of transport in the EU countries has decreased and it is spread over a larger number of countries. In addition, the changes occurred faster in terms of transport performance in tkm than in the volume of cargo in tonnes.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Intermodal transport should be developed in the future. Therefore, it is important to know the current situation and directions of changes so that one can react on an ongoing basis. Decision-makers can use appropriate instruments to influence the right directions of changes in intermodal transport.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Intermodal transport is and will be promoted in the EU. As a rule, the articles discuss transport for one or more countries, but only for the last few years. The analysis covers 12 years, therefore changes can be noticed in the long run.peer-reviewe

Long-distance Running and its Effects on Cardiorespiratory Adaptation and Physiological Strain in Marathon Runners

Popularity of long-distance running has increased as well as number of female and male marathon runners. Whilst research into physiological characteristics of endurance trained athletes has significantly increased there are only few studies on the risk factors for respiratory failure in marathon runners. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the differences in respiratory function and the physiological strain in the response to exercise stress in marathon runners. Twenty three subjects (aged 36.1 ±11.6 years) participated in a marathon running. Prior to the run and after its completion, body mass and composition, spirometry and body temperature were measured. Based on pre- and post-run temperature and changes in heart rate, the physiological strain index (PSI) was calculated. Long-distance running significantly decreased the temperature of body surfaces (p < 0.05); no significant effects were observed regarding aural canal temperature and physiological strain index (PSI). Compared to resting values, post-marathon spirometry revealed a significant decrease in post-marathon forced expiratory volume (p < 0.05), peak expiratory flow (p < 0.05) and maximal expiratory flow values (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the long-distance running results in functional changes within the respiratory system which may limit the adaptive potential and decrease exercise tolerance