Developmental Regulation Of Protein Synthesis In Hymenolepis Diminuta

Protein synthesis and its regulation was studied for the first time in the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, during strobilization. Parasites were metabolically labelled with (\u2735)S-methionine and the pattern of gene products synthesized was obtained for the scolex/neck region, male proglottids, female proglottids and onchospheres by high resolution 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Gene products unique to different sexually differentiated proglottids were localized to the nuclear, brush border, mitochondrial, microsomal and cytosolic fractions obtained by detergent treatment and osmotic shock, followed by differential centrifugation. The purity of different fractions was monitored by transmission electron microscopy and enzyme marker studies. Total RNAs extracted from the specific regions of the worm were translated in vitro in a reticulocyte lysate system. The patterns of protein synthesis obtained following in vitro translations were compared with the patterns obtained by metabolic labelling with (\u2735)S-methionine. The results indicated a post-transcriptional control of protein synthesis during strobilization in H. diminuta.;Protein synthesis and its regulation was also studied in H. diminuta obtained from non-permissive hosts (mice) and immunosuppressed mice and compared with the parasites of the same age obtained from permissive rat hosts. (\u2735)S-methionine labelled proteins were extracted from the different groups of parasites and analysed by 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The in vitro translation products obtained by translating the total RNA of different groups of worms were compared with the patterns of protein synthesis obtained from parasites using (\u2735)S-methionine metabolic labelling. The results indicated a massive post-transcriptional regulation of protein synthesis which was inhibited in parasites obtained from mice, but not in immunosuppressed mice.;The results of this study provide a basic framework on which future studies dealing with post-transcriptional regulation of protein synthesis can be based. The ease of maintenance of this parasite in the lab combined with almost overwhelming post-transcriptional regulation of protein synthesis make H. diminuta an excellent model for developmental studies

Aeration by plunging liquid jet

Aeration by plunging liquid je

Breastfeeding perception among Medical students of Islamic International Medical College (IIMC) in relation to COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Breastfeeding is crucial for the development & growth of the infant in the early years of life. Unfortunately, the incidence of breastfeeding is very low in our part of the world. Doctors play a critical role in the public awareness of the benefits & importance of breastfeeding. This study is done to find out the perception, knowledge and attitude of medical students about breastfeeding and its implications during COVID 19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College (IIMC) from 10 november 2021 to 30 november 2021. An online questionnaire was sent to the students of MBBS from first to final year via email. Results were analyzed on SPSS version 21. Results A total of 316 students participated. The majority of students were aware of the initiation, duration and advantages of breastfeeding. 88% of students answered that breast milk is an ideal food for a baby. 77.2% had the perception that breastfeeding increases mother-infant bonding. 71.51% of students answered that breastfed babies have fewer health-related issues compared to formula-fed babies. 40 % of students were of the idea that there is a risk of transmission of COVID 19 from mother to baby if breastfed fed while 42% believed that breastfeeding protects against COVID 19. Conclusion The majority of the students of IIMC were aware of benefits of breastfeeding but most of them lacked knowledge of breastfeeding by mothers suffering from COVID 19. The medical curriculum should have more emphasis on nutrition counselling for both mothers and children and information regarding breastfeeding particularly during situations like COVID 19 pandemic.   Keywords:  Breastfeeding, COVID 19, Medical Students

Breastfeeding perception among Medical students of Islamic International Medical College (IIMC) in relation to COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Breastfeeding is crucial for the development & growth of the infant in the early years of life. Unfortunately, the incidence of breastfeeding is very low in our part of the world. Doctors play a critical role in the public awareness of the benefits & importance of breastfeeding. This study is done to find out the perception, knowledge and attitude of medical students about breastfeeding and its implications during COVID 19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College (IIMC) from 10 november 2021 to 30 november 2021. An online questionnaire was sent to the students of MBBS from first to final year via email. Results were analyzed on SPSS version 21. Results A total of 316 students participated. The majority of students were aware of the initiation, duration and advantages of breastfeeding. 88% of students answered that breast milk is an ideal food for a baby. 77.2% had the perception that breastfeeding increases mother-infant bonding. 71.51% of students answered that breastfed babies have fewer health-related issues compared to formula-fed babies. 40 % of students were of the idea that there is a risk of transmission of COVID 19 from mother to baby if breastfed fed while 42% believed that breastfeeding protects against COVID 19. Conclusion The majority of the students of IIMC were aware of benefits of breastfeeding but most of them lacked knowledge of breastfeeding by mothers suffering from COVID 19. The medical curriculum should have more emphasis on nutrition counselling for both mothers and children and information regarding breastfeeding particularly during situations like COVID 19 pandemic.   Keywords:  Breastfeeding, COVID 19, Medical Students

Cutting the Error by Half: Investigation of Very Deep CNN and Advanced Training Strategies for Document Image Classification

We present an exhaustive investigation of recent Deep Learning architectures, algorithms, and strategies for the task of document image classification to finally reduce the error by more than half. Existing approaches, such as the DeepDocClassifier, apply standard Convolutional Network architectures with transfer learning from the object recognition domain. The contribution of the paper is threefold: First, it investigates recently introduced very deep neural network architectures (GoogLeNet, VGG, ResNet) using transfer learning (from real images). Second, it proposes transfer learning from a huge set of document images, i.e. 400,000 documents. Third, it analyzes the impact of the amount of training data (document images) and other parameters to the classification abilities. We use two datasets, the Tobacco-3482 and the large-scale RVL-CDIP dataset. We achieve an accuracy of 91.13% for the Tobacco-3482 dataset while earlier approaches reach only 77.6%. Thus, a relative error reduction of more than 60% is achieved. For the large dataset RVL-CDIP, an accuracy of 90.97% is achieved, corresponding to a relative error reduction of 11.5%

Dividend Payout Policy of Conventional Banking and Islamic Banking in Pakistan

This paper investigates the difference between the dividend payout policy of Islamic banks and conventional banks in Pakistan for a period from 2012 to 2016 analyzing the data through regression using Least Square Method (OLS). Specifically, the study aims to study the impact of the profitability, liquidity, revenue growth and financial leverage on the dividend payout policy of the Islamic Banks and conventional banks of Pakistan and how Islamic banks dividend policy differs from conventional banks. This study concludes that the factors like liquidity and financial leverage should be considered and addressed accordingly, because these are key indicators to help policymakers and investors in assessing the performance of the Islamic Banking Industry. DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v10i1.610

Pool Management Practices of Islamic Banks and Their Impact on Profitability

The purpose of this paper aims to investigate the impact of pool management practices of Islamic banks in terms of multiple pool management, liquidity management practices, use of alternative contracts, risk mitigation, and input of alternative functions along with its impact on the profitability of Pakistan through moderating function of profit smoothening. This study is primary in nature and has selected a quantitative research approach based on a review of the literature. The study has selected an explanatory research procedure to examine the impact of selected independent variables on the profitability of Islamic banks in Pakistan through moderating input of profit smoothening. The targeted population of the current study is Islamic banking professionals working in different departments of Islamic banks. The current study has selected multi-variate regression techniques for current study along with descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. The relative impact of the use of alternative contracts was found higher on the profitability of Islamic banks followed by multiple pool management, portfolio risk, and profit smoothening in the case of Islamic banks in Pakistan. &nbsp

Evaluating Sukuk Investment Intentions from A Social Cognitive Perspective: The case of Pakistan

This research study was conducted to understand the influence of compatibility, internal influence, external influence, extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation in the determination of intention to invest in Sukuk with the moderating role of religious aspect in the case of Pakistan. This research study is based on a quantitative approach with the collection of primary responses as data set for the current research. Using the quantitative approach, the study selected the explanatory process to understand the impact of compatibility, internal influence, external influence, extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation in the determination of intention to invest in Sukuk for Pakistan with the moderating role of the religious factor. The population targeted under the current investigation belongs to the Islamic banking profession having job experience with Islamic banks in Pakistan. The study was selected with a convenience sampling technique and estimated with a sample size of 300 for response collection at a 95 percent Confidence interval. This study adopted a survey method to collect the required number of responses and used a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. Structural equation modeling using smart PLS was selected as a statistical technique for investigation purposes. Results revealed that compatibility, internal influence, external influence, and extrinsic motivation are essential variables in the determination of intention to invest in Sukuk. The study's originality stems from the fact that Sukuk is a relatively new area of research in Pakistan and has yet to be extensively studied through the social cognitive perspective earlier. &nbsp