Effect of oil mass flow rate on temperature profile in oil wells

In several design calculations including the development of programs to optimize production, engineers and scientists require accurate prediction of temperature drop due to flow in oil wells. The purpose of this research is to create mathematical models to predict the effect of oil mass flow rate on temperature distribution in oil wells. A numerical mathematical model is developed to study the parameters affecting the dynamic and static temperature profiles in oil wells in production and shutting operation. The temperature distribution of the oil from the reservoir to the surface and the temperature distribution in the wall tubing of the oil well and casing, cement sheaths, and surrounding formation is studied. The natural flow of oil wells in Alwahat area located 70 Kilometres south of Marada area east of Libya in the Zaggut field called (6Q1-59) is taken as a study case. In production case, different mass flow rates in winter and summer seasons are studied. The temperature profile in the horizontal direction is estimated at different depths. The Results show that the surface temperature of crude oil increases with the rise in mass flow rate

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Transplanting and Convergence in Nigeria: Consequences and Prospects

Accountancy profession across the world has been witnessing revolution for sometimes now, especially after thecase of Enron and Word com and the challenges to Auditing as profession. The profession has another breakingpoint in Nigeria in 2012 just like many other countries, IFRS transplanting and convergence, a standard that hasnot yet been adopted in the United States of America. The specific of objective of the paper is to evaluate theconsequences of the convergence in Nigeria with a view to pointing out what per adventure have not been doneright in the transplanting, suggest what should be done to enable the country derive the full benefits of thechange in the accounting regulation. The data are collected through primary data apparatus and cross sectionalsecondary data from the annual reports of the selected case studies. The methodology adopted is student-tdistribution. We also deployed descriptive statistics. The results from the descriptive statistics portend mixreactions. Most of the variables selected have both positive and negative signs; when it is positive, it means thatthe amount reported in the financial statements under GAAP is higher than that of IFRS and vice versa. Thestudent-t portends that at 5% confidence interval, there is significant difference between the figures reportedunder IFRS and GAAP, consequently the convergence of IFRS in Nigeria has offered invaluable benefits andsignificant effects. We however recommend that government should immediately review all the relevant sectionsin the local extant laws and review syllabus of accounting in tertiary institutions and secondary schools in orderto have the unity of purpose and derive optimum benefits in the convergence of IFRS in Nigeria.Keywords: Revolution, IFRS Transplanting, Convergence, Cross Sectional, Secondary Data, GAAP and MixReaction

HPLC quantification of phenolic content and assessment of methanolic extract of Antiaris africana for toxicological study

The study was aimed at evaluating the toxicological and antioxidant activities of Antiaris africana Engl. (family Moraceae), that is used in Nigeria and other West Africa countries as a panacea for the treatment of several ailments. The methanolic extract of A. africana (MEA) obtained was analysed for antioxidant activities in vitro and screened for various phytochemicals present. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined followed with high performance liquid chromatography -diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) fingerprinting of phenolic content. Furthermore, the sub-acute toxicity of MEA was determined via oral administration of varying doses for 14 consecutive days (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) in rats. After oral administration for 14 consecutive days in male rats, the toxicity effect was assayed by determining aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) for hepatic function; urea and creatinine for renal function; creatinine kinase (CK) for cardiac function; and lipid profile. HPLC results showed that the major phenolics present are quercetin, rutin, caffeic acid, garlic acid and quercetin. MEA was able to scavenge diphenyl picryl hydrazyl, hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation induced by ferrous sulphate at all concentration tested. The toxicology investigation showed that at low doses, A. africana is non-toxic, while at high doses; it is moderately toxic to the animals. In conclusion, A. Africana is generally non-toxic; however, care must be taken in administration at higher doses.Keywords: Toxicology, HPLC, phytochemicals, Antiaris african

First report of Rice stripe necrosis virus infecting rice in Benin

International audienc

BIG DATA AND REAL ESTATE: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The concept of big data though relatively new has brought a lot of solutions to modern day challenges. Many authors, particularly in developed countries, have adopted the concept in tackling the numerous challenges unfolding in the real estate profession. However, most of the findings from these authors are on individual bases and as such, there is a need to reach a general consensus on the relevance of big data to the real estate profession. The review shows the impact of big data to include digitization of records, information on user preferences, sensor information on the urban environment and sensor information on movement. The paper concludes that the relevance of big data to the real estate profession cannot be over-emphasised

Gender-Based Competitive Performance In Built Environment Technical Related Courses In A Tertiary Institutionː Covenant University Case Study

Technical Education in recent times has witnessed high patronage in term of subscription from male and female candidates; this is against the school of thought that believes that technical-based disciplines are cut out for men. However in recent times, female candidates seem to be outperforming their male counterpart breaking the norms which tends to have defied reasonable logic. It is against this background that this study carried out comparative analysis of academic performances of male and female students studying technical-based disciplines in selected tertiary institution. Covenant University in Nigeria was chosen as a location of the study. Random sampling method was used in the study, with a sample of 80 students. A structured questionnaire in Likert scale was administered on student of technical based discipline, Eighty (80) questionnaires was administered on the students to harvest their perspective. The responses were further collated, analyzed with SPSS software, processed with Mean Item Score method and presented in tables and charts. Some factors were identified as being responsible for the trend, which includes: Age diference, emotional maturity, intelligence quotient, educational background, external interference, famiy problem, teachers challenge, complex curriculum, psychological problem, family problem, mode of subject delivery, attention to detail among others. Model was presented of an ideal metrics that influences higher performance of female students over their counterpart and what could be done to improve performance of all gender components

Evaluation of the New York City Out-of-School Time Initiative: Report on the First Year: Executive Summary

Describes an out-of-school program initiative serving more than 51,000 youth citywide. Presents data on the first year of program implementation and findings on participant engagement and associated academic and social development outcomes

MODULATION OF KEY BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS RELEVANT TO STROKE BY ANTIARIS AFRICANA LEAF EXTRACT FOLLOWING CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY

Background: Oxidative stress plays a significant role in stroke pathogenesis. Hence, plants rich in antioxidant phytochemicals have been suggested as effective remedies for prevention and treatment of stroke and other neurological diseases. Antiaris africana Engl. (Moraceae) is traditionally used for the management of brain-related problems but there is paucity of data on its anti-stroke potential. Materials and Methods: Ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced by a 30 min bilateral common carotid artery occlusion/ 2 h reperfusion (BCCAO/R) in the brain of male Wistar rats. A sham-operated group which was not subjected to BCCAO/R and a group subjected to BCCAO/R without treatment with MEA served as controls. The ameliorative effect of 14 days of pretreatment with 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg A. africana methanol leaf extract (MEA) on BCCAO/R-mediated alterations to key markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and neurochemical disturbances and excitotoxicity (myeloperoxidase, glutamine synthetase, Na+/K+ ATPase, acetylcholinesterase and tyrosine hydroxylase), was evaluated and compared with the effect produced by treatment with 20 mg/kg quercetin as a reference standard. Results: Results show that pretreatment with MEA significantly mitigated or reversed BCCAO/R-induced changes in the level or activity of the evaluated biochemical markers of oxidative stress, neurochemical dysfunction and excitotoxicity compared with the BCCAO/R untreated control group (p < 0.05). The effect produced by 100 mg/kg MEA was similar to that of the reference standard, quercetin. Conclusion: These results revealed the neuroprotective potential of A. africana in stroke and other ischemia-related pathologies. Key words: brain ischemia

PROJECTION OF CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANTS EMISSION FROM ON-ROAD VEHICLES IN THE MEGACITY OF LAGOS, NIGERIA

The increase in the mode of transportation has become a serious environmental threat that has resulted in the emission of criteria air pollutants (CAPs) into the atmosphere. These CAPs are sulphur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), lead (Pb), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). This study examined the emission of CAPs from road traffic use in Lagos State. Data for the inventories of the production of these five sources were taken from 1997–2011 and were used to forecast CAPs emissions from 2012–2030. The petroleum products consumption data were sourced from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). Five categories of CAPs were studied and their corresponding emissions from 1997–2011 were computed as follows: SOx: 209–15,358t, NOx: 2,038–25,692t, CO: 24,996–186,202t, PM: 155–995t, Pb: 0.8 4.5t. Projection and forecasting of CAPs emissions from 2012 to 2030 were carried out using the Box Jenkins ARIMA method. There were close similarities between the observed and forecast values. The predicted CAPs emissions between 2012 to 2030 will be 309t for SOx, 22,600 – 41,300t for NOx, 100,000 – 300,000t for CO, 414t for PM, and 0.7t for Pb. The study concluded that there is tendency for these CAPs emissions to increase if the authorities and stakeholders do nothing. Several mitigation measures aimed towards reducing future CAPs emissions in Lagos State were recommended for the various sources