29 research outputs found
Light-induced magnetization reversal of high-anisotropy TbCo alloy films
Magnetization reversal using circularly polarized light provides a new way to
control magnetization without any external magnetic field and has the potential
to revolutionize magnetic data storage. However, in order to reach ultra-high
density data storage, high anisotropy media providing thermal stability are
needed. Here, we evidence all-optical magnetization switching for different
TbxCo1-x ferrimagnetic alloy composition and demonstrate all-optical switching
for films with anisotropy fields reaching 6 T corresponding to anisotropy
constants of 3x106 ergs/cm3. Optical magnetization switching is observed only
for alloys which compensation temperature can be reached through sample
heating
Self-reported neurocognitive complaints in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: a viral genome-wide association study
People with HIV may report neurocognitive complaints, with or without associated neurocognitive impairment, varying between individuals and populations. While the HIV genome could play a major role, large systematic viral genome-wide screens to date are lacking. The Swiss HIV Cohort Study biannually enquires neurocognitive complaints. We quantified broad-sense heritability estimates using partial âpolâ sequences from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study resistance database and performed a viral near full-length genome-wide association study for the longitudinal area under the curve of neurocognitive complaints. We performed all analysis (i) restricted to HIV Subtype B and (ii) including all HIV subtypes. From 8547 people with HIV with neurocognitive complaints, we obtained 6966 partial âpolâ sequences and 2334 near full-length HIV sequences. Broad-sense heritability estimates for presence of memory loss complaints ranged between 1% and 17% (Subtype B restricted 1â22%) and increased with the stringency of the phylogenetic distance thresholds. The genome-wide association study revealed one amino acid (Env L641E), after adjusting for multiple testing, positively associated with memory loss complaints (P = 4.3 * 10â6). Other identified mutations, while insignificant after adjusting for multiple testing, were reported in other smaller studies (Tat T64N, Env *291S). We present the first HIV genome-wide association study analysis of neurocognitive complaints and report a first estimate for the heritability of neurocognitive complaints through HIV. Moreover, we could identify one mutation significantly associated with the presence of memory loss complaints. Our findings indicate that neurocognitive complaints are polygenetic and highlight advantages of a whole genome approach for pathogenicity determination
The clinical course of comorbid substance use disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: protocol and clinical characteristics of the INCAS study
Abstract
Background: Substance use disorders (SUD) often co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Although the short-term effects of some specific interventions have been investigated in randomized clinical trials, little is known about the long-term clinical course of treatment-seeking SUD patients with comorbid ADHD.
Aims: This paper presents the protocol and baseline clinical characteristics of the International Naturalistic Cohort
Study of ADHD and SUD (INCAS) designed and conducted by the International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance
Abuse (ICASA) foundation. The overall aim of INCAS is to investigate the treatment modalities provided to
treatment-seeking SUD patients with comorbid ADHD, and to describe the clinical course and identify predictors for
treatment outcomes. This ongoing study employs a multicentre observational prospective cohort design. Treatment-seeking adult SUD patients with comorbid ADHD are recruited, at 12 study sites in nine different countries. During the follow-up period of nine months, data is collected through patient files, interviews, and self-rating scales, targeting a broad range of cognitive and clinical symptom domains, at baseline, four weeks, three months and nine months.
Results: A clinically representative sample of 578 patients (137 females, 441 males) was enrolled during the recruitment
period (June 2017-May 2021). At baseline, the sample had a mean age (SD) of 36.7 years (11.0); 47.5% were inpatients
and 52.5% outpatients; The most prevalent SUDs were with alcohol 54.2%, stimulants 43.6%, cannabis 33.1%, Abstract
Background: Substance use disorders (SUD) often co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Although the short-term effects of some specific interventions have been investigated in randomized clinical trials,
little is known about the long-term clinical course of treatment-seeking SUD patients with comorbid ADHD.
Aims: This paper presents the protocol and baseline clinical characteristics of the International Naturalistic Cohort
Study of ADHD and SUD (INCAS) designed and conducted by the International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance
Abuse (ICASA) foundation. The overall aim of INCAS is to investigate the treatment modalities provided to
treatment-seeking SUD patients with comorbid ADHD, and to describe the clinical course and identify predictors for
treatment outcomes.
This ongoing study employs a multicentre observational prospective cohort design. Treatment-seeking adult SUD
patients with comorbid ADHD are recruited, at 12 study sites in nine different countries. During the follow-up period
of nine months, data is collected through patient files, interviews, and self-rating scales, targeting a broad range of
cognitive and clinical symptom domains, at baseline, four weeks, three months and nine months.
Results: A clinically representative sample of 578 patients (137 females, 441 males) was enrolled during the recruitment
period (June 2017-May 2021). At baseline, the sample had a mean age (SD) of 36.7 years (11.0); 47.5% were inpatients
and 52.5% outpatients; The most prevalent SUDs were with alcohol 54.2%, stimulants 43.6%, cannabis 33.1%, and opioids 14.5%. Patients reported previous treatments for SUD in 71.1% and for ADHD in 56.9%. Other comorbid mental disorders were present in 61.4% of the sample: major depression 31.5%, post-traumatic stress disorder 12.1%, borderline personality disorder 10.2%. Conclusions: The first baseline results of this international cohort study speak to its feasibility. Data show that many SUD patients with comorbid ADHD had never received treatment for their ADHD prior to enrolment in the study.
Future reports on this study will identify the course and potential predictors for successful pharmaceutical and psychological
treatment outcomes