The Relationship Between Opportunity for Physical Activity and Classroom Behavior in School Aged Children.

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between physical activity and students\u27 classroom behavior. This descriptive study explored student classroom behavior. This study is to find answers to the following research question: What is the relationship between negative classroom behavior and the amount of time spent in daily physical activity? Understanding the effects of physical activity on student classroom behavior can help school teachers and administrators in their creation of school scheduling and policy. A sample of students from grades kindergarten thru second grade was used from Pine Island Public Schools. The data was analyzed using aggregate data analysis

Soft lepton flavour violation in a two-Higgs-doublet-seesaw model

Erweiterungen der Standardmodells mit drei rechtshändigen Neutrinos in einem Seesaw Type I Mechanismus und zwei Higgs Doublets bieten ein interessantes Forschungsfeld. Da solche Modelle flavour-verletzende Wechselwirkungen mit neutralen Skalaren (FCNI) haben, führen wir eine Flavour Symmetrie ein, welche nur soft gebrochen wird von nicht-falvourdiagonalen Massetermen der rechtshändigen Neutrinosinglets. Innerhalb dieses Models erklärt der Seesawmechnaismus nicht nur, warum Neutrinomassen klein sind, sondern stellt auch die einzige Quelle von Leptonenflavour-Mischung dar. Das Thema dieser Dissertation ist eine sorgfältige Untersuchung dieses Modells durch Präzisionstests, welche die neuen Modellparameter einschränken. Die Modellparameter sind die Yukawakopplungen, die Higgs- und Neutrinomasses, die die Seesawskala festlegen, und die Winkel der flavourmischenden Matrizen. Die angewandten Tests umfassen die Modellbeiträge zu Oblique Parametern, zu den anomalen Magnetischen Momenten (AMM) des Elektrons und Myons, und natürlich zu leptonenflavourverletzenden Prozessen. Im Bezug auf letztere untersuchen wir außerdem den Einfluss von einloop Neutrinomassenkorrekturen auf Leptonflavour-verletzende Prozesse, welche interessanterweise in unserem Modell generell nicht vernachlässigbar sind. Wir zeigen weiterhin, dass dieses Modell eine Region im Parameterraum bereitstellt, in der alle FCNI Verzeigungsverhältnisse des Types $\ell_1^-\rightarrow \ell^-_2\ell_3^+\ell_3^-$ nahe an der experimentellen Grenze sind und deshalb detektierbar in voraussichtlich naher Zukunft.Extensions of the Standard Model with three right-handed neutrinos in a Seesaw Type I mechanism, and two Higgs doublets offer an interesting framework for investigations. As such models have flavour-changing neutral-scalar interactions (FCNIs), we impose a lepton flavour symmetry, which is only broken softly by the non-flavour diagonal mass terms of the right-handed neutrino singlets. Within this model, the seesaw mechanism thus not only explains the smallness of the neutrino masses but is the only source of lepton flavour mixing. The subject of the thesis is a thorough investigation of this model through precision tests that restrict the new model parameters. The latter are the Yukawa couplings, Higgs and neutrino masses, vis. the seesaw scale, and the angles of the flavour-mixing matrices. The applied tests comprise the model contributions to oblique parameters, to the anomalous magnetic moment (AMM) of the electron and muon, and clearly, to lepton flavour-changing processes. With respect to the latter, we investigate in this course the impact of one-loop neutrino mass corrections on lepton flavour-changing processes, which are, interestingly, generally not negligible in our model. We further show that this model can solve the experimental and theoretical discrepancy of the muon AMM and provide a region in the parameter space where all FCNI branching ratios of the type $\ell_1^-\rightarrow \ell^-_2\ell_3^+\ell_3^-$ are close to the experimental bounds and could therefore be detectable in the near future

A New Generation of Farmers: Dynamics of Change

Environmental Studies Major at Brown UniversityMoving Forward with Purpose When faced with a problem that doesn’t seem like it’ll be solved in this lifetime, the next generation of people is often seen as cause for hope and perhaps the impetus for meaningful change. The younger generation of farmers is no exception to this tendency. “There's a lot of young producers that are out there … adopting a lot of conservation change,” one farmer said, but when asked about the future of farming admitted that he “kind of feels bad for producers, for somebody that's on the outside but wants to get into agriculture.” In the agricultural sector, continued consolidation, economic uncertainty, climate issues, and insufficient government support have made the idea of breaking out of this system and pursuing ecologically-sound practices impractical or sometimes even unwanted for many current farmers. After speaking with stretched-thin government officials, farmers, and financers in Dunn County, one common idea remained: Even if today’s farmers don’t have the resources to change, tomorrows will Such faith often projects unrealistic standards on young people, who will continue to be influenced by the same social and economic systems that keep current farmers from adopting conservation practices. However, if we move forward deliberately with some ideas for support in mind, perhaps changing times can be the key to expanded conservation practices in farming. Farming, along with rural life in general, relies heavily on enforcing existing social norms. In a small community where everyone knows each other, there are social consequences for every action. This could look positive, like making sure your dairy isn’t polluting into your friend’s stream, but it could also look like not wanting to try new experimental practices because you know your neighbors will talk. Farmers need to be encouraged to experiment and find what works for their unique land and financial situation. New farmers will need to be resilient, adaptable, and focused. Young farmers need to commit to doing things differently than their fathers did, and perspectives are needed outside of these multigenerational farms as well. With the added social dimension, an unnecessary barrier is placed on young farmers to perform in certain ways. A lot of what stops farmers from trying new things is fear or peer pressure. Social norms on their own are not negative, but times are changing, and attitudes need to change as well. The burden to change is not solely on farmers, either. Non-farmers, rural and urban, need to ensure that farmers can count on their sustainable practices being promoted, not punished. With uncertainty and competitiveness in global markets, this means committing to buying and supporting local foods as much as financially possible. Look at where your food is coming from, and the environmental strain placed on our land and water to get it there. Additionally, the support of local lending institutions needs to increase. Farmers shouldn’t be forced to get bigger just to take out a necessary loan on things like newer equipment. Both of these community supports have the potential to make conservation agriculture not only financially feasible, but maybe even a more profitable option than traditional practices. We can choose to resist inevitable change, or work with it. Extreme weather, drought, heavy rains, and rising temperatures have become more frequent, and these trends will only escalate in the coming decades. Risk, so far, has made farmers hesitant to try new practices, but risk also opens an avenue for unprecedented change. There is simply no way to continue farming the way things were farmed in the past. Luckily, many conservation practices have already been happening, and it is a matter of making the profitability and viability of these practices known. This could look like showing up to demo farms, attending community events on conservation, and increasing the availability of communal knowledge and equipment. An uncertain future means coming up with new ways to handle risk management, an increasing importance of insurance (both monetarily and in terms of a general safety net of peer support) and staying on top of new practices. In my father’s lifetime, my grandfather went from a family operation with sugar beets, hogs, and sweet corn, to a soybean and corn rotation and no hogs. In a single generation, the family farm went from viable to inviable. If change can happen that fast in one direction, it can happen in the other. Whether or not the infrastructure exists, a new generation of farmers will come. There are specific, actionable, things that individuals can do to facilitate change. From a knowledge standpoint, this could look like more public information sessions, access to farmers’ networks for outsiders interested in pursuing agriculture, and debt assistance programs to offset the burden of entry for recent graduates. From a financial standpoint, this could look like ways for farmers to access affordable healthcare, and loan programs specifically for young and first-generation farmers to cover the rising costs of land and equipment. If we can create networks of support for young farmers and learn from the ways that current farmers are struggling, we can move into the future with purpose and more importantly, hope