12 research outputs found
The influence of serial fecal sampling on the diagnosis of giardiasis in humans, dogs, and cats
Giardia infection is a common clinical problem in humans and pets. The diagnosis of giardiasis is challenging as hosts intermittently excrete protozoan cysts in their feces. In the present study, we comparatively evaluated two methods of serial fecal sampling in humans, dogs, and cats from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Faust et al. technique was used to examine fecal specimens collected in triplicate from 133 patients (52 humans, 60 dogs, and 21 cats). Specimens from 74 patients were received from the group assigned to carry out sampling on consecutive days - 34 humans, 35 dogs, and 5 cats, and specimens from 59 patients were received from the group assigned to carry out sampling on non-consecutive, separate days - 18 human beings, 25 dogs, and 16 cats. G. duodenalis cysts were found in stools of 30 individuals. Multiple stool sampling resulted in an increase in the number of samples that were positive for Giardia in both groups. The authors therefore conclude that multiple stool sampling increases the sensitivity of the Faust et al . technique to detect G. duodenalis cysts in samples from humans, cats and dogs
Dirofilariose ectópica em dois cães do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Report of two canine dirofilariosis cases of ectopic location in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This is the first report of erratic migration for this parasitosis in dogs in the state, calling attention to the short period of time between the two cases. The fact that the area is endemic for this parasite, its zoonotic potential and the report of human cases in the state, demonstrates that authorities should be alerted to the control programs of dirofilariosis along with the pathogenic profile of the infections.Relato de dois casos de dirofilariose canina de localização ectópica no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Este é o primeiro relato de migração errática para esta parasitose em cães no Estado, e chama a atenção o curto espaço de tempo entre os dois casos. O fato da região ser endêmica para a parasitose, seu caráter zoonótico e o relato de casos humanos no Estado, demonstram que as autoridades competentes devem estar atentas aos programas de controle da dirofilariose assim como no perfil patogênico da infecção
The influence of serial fecal sampling on the diagnosis of giardiasis in humans, dogs, and cats
Caracterização imunológica de antÃgenos de Strongyloides stercoralis
The strongyloidiasis is caused by the intestinal nematode Strongyloides stercoralis, being prevalent in 3-13% infected patients in Brazil, and it typically occurs in the asymptomatic form. However, this nematode is considered of great importance for developing hyperinfection and dissemination in immunosupressed patients especially under corticoid therapy. The definitive diagnosis is normally done by detection of larvae on fecal samples; however, as the parasite load is often low in most cases and the larvae shedding is reduced and irregular, the diagnosis becomes extremely difficult. Thus, developing reliable serological methods for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis becomes imperative. The objective of this study was to immunologically characterize epitopes of S. stercoralis larvae by analysis of its reactivity to serum samples of individuals with and without the disease. The search for S. stercoralis larvae on fecal samples by using the Rugai and Coprotest techniques was done with two objectives: to compare the sensibility of the two techniques, define the individuals positive and negative for strongyloidiasis, and to obtain filarioid larvae for the making of somatic antigen. The Western-blot technique was applied for the immunologic characterization of 101 serum samples that were divided into 6 groups: (G1) patients only positive for S. stercoralis by fecal exam, (G2) adults negative for any parasites by fecal exam (N=10), (G3) serum from
umbilical cord (N=10), (G4) patients negative for any parasites by fecal exam from an area with high prevalence of strongyloidiasis (N=10), (G5) individuals with other
helminth infection (N= 44), and (G6) individuals treated for strongyloidiasis (N=4). The results showed that strongyloidiasis was more prevalent in the Encanto community (6,4%) when compared to the Soledade community (2,7%). Additionally, a considerable fluctuation of larvae shedding was observed in these patients. In all the studied serum groups different reactivity profiles were observed, and the recognition of proteins with molecular mass varied from 6 to 129kDa. A protein band of approximately 26kDa presented a high frequency of reactivity (18/23) on the G1. The same band was also found in one serum from G3, 6 serum samples from G5 [hookworms (2/10), Ascaris lumbricoides (3/10) and Taenia sp. (2/10)] and one serum sample from G6. Two other reactive bands, one of approximately 33kDa and a duplet of approximately 21kDa, also have high frequency, 17/23 and 9/23, respectively. However, these two bands were also observed in all the other studied serum groups. Thus, we can suggest that the 26kDa band could be an important tool for the development of a diagnostic technique for strongyloidiasisA estrongiloidÃase é causada pelo nematóide intestinal Strongyloides stercoralis, e apresenta prevalência de 3 a 13% no Brasil, ocorrendo de forma assintomática na maior parte dos indivÃduos infectados. Entretanto, é considerado de
grande importância por causar hiperinfecção e disseminação em pacientes imunodeprimidos, principalmente sob o uso de corticóides. O diagnóstico definitivo normalmente é feito medinte a detecção de larvas nas fezes; mas como a
quantidade de parasitos é baixa na maioria dos casos e a eliminação de larvas é reduzida e irregular, esta se torna extremamente difÃcil. Sendo assim, o desenvolvimento de testes sorológicos confiáveis para o diagnóstico da
estrongiloidÃase parece ser uma alternativa necessária. Desta forma, objetivou-se neste trabalho caracterizar imunologicamente epÃtopos de larvas de S. stercoralis
por meio da análise de sua reatividade frente a amostras de soro de indivÃduos com e sem a infecção pelo agente. A pesquisa de larvas de S. stercoralis foi realizada em
amostras de fezes com as técnicas de Rugai e Coprotest objetivando-se comparar a sensibilidade das técnicas, selecionar indivÃduos positivos e negativos para a
estrongiloidÃase, e obter larvas filarióides para confecção de antÃgeno somático. Para a caracterização imunológica por meio da técnica Western-blot, foram utilizados 101
soros, divididos em 6 grupos: (G1) pacientes somente positivos para S. stercoralis no exame parasitológico de fezes (EPF) (N=23), (G2) adultos comprovadamente negativos para qualquer parasitose pelo EPF (N=10), (G3) soros de cordão umbilical (N=10), (G4) pacientes negativos para qualquer parasitose pelo EPF provenientes de área com alta prevalência de estrongiloidÃase (N=10), (G5) indivÃduos portadores de outras helmintÃases (N= 44), e (G6) indivÃduos tratados para estrongiloidÃase (N=4). A prevalência da estrongiloidÃase foi mais elevada na comunidade do Encanto(6,4%) do que na de Soledade (3,36%). Além disso, foi observada uma considerável flutuação na eliminação de larvas por estes pacientes. Nos grupos de soro testados, foram encontrados perfis variados de reatividade, com o reconhecimento de proteÃnas com massas moleculares que variavam de 6 e 129kDa. No G1, uma banda proteica de aproximadamente 26kDa apresentou uma alta freqüência de reatividade (18/23). Esta mesma banda também foi encontrada em um soro do grupo 3, 6 soros do grupo 5 [AncilostomÃdeos (2/10), Ascaris lumbricoides (3/10) e Taenia sp. (2/10)] e um soro do grupo 6. Duas outras bandas reativas, uma de aproximadamente 33kDa e um duplex de aproximadamente 21kDa, também apresentaram freqüências
elevadas de respectivamente 17/23 e 9/23. Porém estas duas bandas também foram encontradas em todos os outros grupos estudados. Desta forma, podemos sugerir que a banda de 26KDa possa ser uma ferramenta importante no desenvolvimento de técnica diagnóstica para a estrongiloidÃas
Desenvolvimento Docente para o Ensino Remoto: Experiência do Programa de Inovação e Assessoria Curricular (PROIAC) da Universidade Federal Fluminense: the Experience of the XXX Program at the XXXXX
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a new reality to higher education demanding changes in pedagogical practices mediated by digital technologies in virtual learning environments. This paper describes and evaluates an online course that aimed at faculty professional development in order to assist them in the adaptation to online teaching combining technological knowledge to pedagogical conceptions. Seven editions of the course have been offered to a total of 360 scholars, whose evaluations have been analysed through both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Results indicate that the course has changed scholars’ perceptions on online education and the pedagogical possibilities of digital technology integration. Despite aspects to be improved, such as the course duration and expected workload, the experience has promoted reflection on pedagogical practice and appropriation of digital technologies. This report contributes to the debate in the field of teacher professional development in higher education, especially in the post- pandemic scenario, when the possibilities of digital technologies should be enhanced.
 Keywords:Continuing Teacher Professional Development. Higher Education. Online learning. Digital technologies.
.A pandemia da COVID-19 expôs uma nova realidade para o Ensino Superior demandando mudanças nas práticas pedagógicas com o uso de recursos tecnológicos no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem. A fim de capacitar os docentes para adaptação ao ensino remoto, foi planejado, implementado e avaliado um curso visando aliar o conhecimento tecnológico às concepções pedagógicas. Foram oferecidas sete turmas com participação total de 360 docentes cujas avaliações foram analisadas sob abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa. O curso mudou a percepção dos professores sobre a educação online e sobre as possibilidades pedagógicas de aplicação das tecnologias digitais e, apesar dos pontos a serem aprimorados, tais como duração e carga horária exigida, a experiência promoveu a reflexão sobre a prática pedagógica e apropriação das ferramentas tecnológicas. O relato dessa experiência contribui para o debate no âmbito da formação docente no ensino superior, especialmente no contexto pós-pandemia, cujas possibilidades de inserção das tecnologias digitais na educação serão ampliadas.
Palavras-chave: Formação docente continuada. Ensino superior. Educação online. Tecnologias digitais
TOXOPLASMOSIS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AMONG PREGNANT AND POSTPARTUM WOMEN ATTENDED IN PUBLIC HEALTH UNITS IN NITERÓI, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
The present study conducted a toxoplasmosis-related knowledge level survey with 400 pregnant and puerperal women attended in public health units in the municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. Only 111 (27.8%) women claimed to know about the disease. Most of them (n = 289; 72.2%) had never heard about toxoplasmosis nor knew how to prevent the infection by Toxoplasma gondii. A significant difference (p = 0.013) regarding the presence of anti-T. gondii IgG was observed between women who claimed to know about the disease and those who had never heard about it. These results highlight the importance of a systematic serological screening process for toxoplasmosis, as well as the importance of primary prevention by accurate information during prenatal care, an important Public Health action to be implemented.Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento do conhecimento de 400 gestantes e puérperas atendidas na rede pública de saúde do municÃpio de Niterói, Estado do Rio de Janeiro sobre a toxoplasmose. Apenas 111 (27,8%) participantes relataram conhecer a doença. A maioria 289 (72,2%) nunca ouviu falar sobre a toxoplasmose, principalmente sobre as formas de prevenção da infecção pelo Toxoplasma gondii. Foi encontrada diferença significativa entre as pacientes que disseram conhecer a toxoplasmose e aquelas que relataram desconhecer a doença com relação à presença de anticorpos IgG anti- T.gondii (p = 0,013). Estes resultados permitem ressaltar a importância do rastreamento sorológico sistemático na infecção toxoplásmica, bem como a prevenção primária por meio de informações corretas durante o pré-natal, sendo esta uma importante medida de saúde pública a ser implementada
Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in students of veterinary medicine and other courses of public universities in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
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Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil / Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Imunologia e Microbiologia Veterinária. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.The aim of this study was to estimate the serum prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in two groups of
university students: Veterinary Medicine (VM) and Other Courses (OC). Students from two public
universities in the state of Rio de Janeiro were investigated to identify risk habits and behaviors
for Toxoplasma gondii infection, and to guide primary prevention. All 839 students answered a
questionnaire about habits and behaviors (347 OC and 492 VM). A serum prevalence of 21.8% was
observed by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and ELISA. No statistically significant difference
was observed between students of the universities. Serum prevalence (IFA and ELISA IgG) was
16.1% in VM and 29.9% in OC. Six students were IgM seropositive, of which five were only
positive in ELISA and one was positive with both diagnostic techniques (ELISA and IFA). Among
those students, four were in the control group from UFF and one in each group from UFRRJ. The
prevalence of students seropositive for toxoplasmosis was low in both universities and the results
obtained suggest that veterinary students are probably not exposed to a higher risk than the general
population for acquiring toxoplasmosis. Age, contact with cats, consumption of undercooked or
raw meat, contact with campus soil and ignorance of prophylactic measures for toxoplasmosis were
positively associated with prevalence of infection by T. gondii