Captura de carbono en ra?ces finas y estructurales en bosques alto-andinos y sistemas agroforestales en asocio con ?rboles dispersos y cultivos en Santa Isabel, Tolima

75 p. Recurso Electr?nicoLas ra?ces finas (di?metro < 2 mm) se han caracterizado por ser un componente radicular importante dentro de la absorci?n de nutrientes y din?mica del carbono. Se evalu? la captura de carbono en ra?ces finas mediante un dise?o completamente al azar con tres tratamientos (bosques, cultivos y pasturas); del mismo modo se utiliz? un dise?o con arreglo en franjas (profundidad: 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 cm) y cinco repeticiones. Se colectaron bloques de 10 x 10 x 10 cm que fueron lavados y tamizados para separar las ra?ces finas y secadas hasta peso constante. La biomasa de ra?ces estructurales se estim? con la ecuaci?n desarrollada por Cairns et al. (1997). Se encontraron diferencias estad?sticas (p<0,05) en la acumulaci?n de carbono entre sistemas: mayor en bosques que en pasturas y cultivos (ra?ces finas: 4,2 ? 0,6 vs 2,1 ? 0,4 vs 0,6 ? 0,25 t/ha, y estructurales: 26 ? 2,8 vs 10 ? 0,9 t/ha, respectivamente). La profundidad tiene un efecto significativo (p<0,05) en la acumulaci?n de carbono en ra?ces finas, siendo mayor en las primeras capas y reduci?ndose en las profundas: 55% del carbono se encuentra en los primeros 20 cm del suelo y 12% entre 40-50 cm. Los agentes fisicoqu?micos que caracterizan la cobertura del suelo determinan el crecimiento y desarrollo de las ra?ces. La conservaci?n de bosques nativos implica la retenci?n de cantidades importantes de carbono que al reportar un cambio de uso del suelo podr?a generar un incremento en las concentraciones de CO2 a la atm?sfera. Palabras claves: Almacenamiento de carbono, Biodiversidad, Biomasa, Servicios ambientales.Fine roots (diameter < 2 mm) has been characterized as a mean root component in nutrient absorption and carbon dynamics. Carbon sequestration was evaluated inside fine roots through a completely random design with three treatments such as forests; crops and pastures. Similarly, It was applied a design with pursuant slots (depth: 0-10; 10-20; 20-30; 30-40; 40-50 cm) and five repetitions. Blocks were collected of 10 x 10 x 10 cm in dimension which were washed and sifted in order to separate the fine roots and dried them until constant weight. Structural root?s Biomass was estimated with the equation developed by Cairns et al. (1997). It was found statistic differences (p<0,05) on the accumulation of carbon between systems: higher in forests than pastures and crops (fine roots : 4,2 ? 0,6 vs 2,1 ? 0,4 vs 0,6 ? 0,25 t/ha and structural ones: 26 ? 2,8 vs 10 ? 0,9 t/ha, respectively). Depth has a significant effect (p<0,05) on the increasing of carbon at fine roots being higher on the first layers and decreasing at the last ones: 55% of carbon is found in the first 20 cm of the soil and 12% between 40-50 cm. Physicochemical agents that characterize the soil coverage determine the growth and development of roots. Consequently, native forests preservation implies retention of important amounts of carbon since it shows a change on the use of soil could produce an increase on the concentrations of CO2 at the atmosphere. Keywords: Carbon storage, Biodiversity, Biomass, Environmental service

Captura de carbono en ra?ces finas y estructurales en bosques alto-andinos y sistemas agroforestales en asocio con ?rboles dispersos y cultivos en Santa Isabel, Tolima

75 p. Recurso Electr?nicoLas ra?ces finas (di?metro < 2 mm) se han caracterizado por ser un componente radicular importante dentro de la absorci?n de nutrientes y din?mica del carbono. Se evalu? la captura de carbono en ra?ces finas mediante un dise?o completamente al azar con tres tratamientos (bosques, cultivos y pasturas); del mismo modo se utiliz? un dise?o con arreglo en franjas (profundidad: 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 cm) y cinco repeticiones. Se colectaron bloques de 10 x 10 x 10 cm que fueron lavados y tamizados para separar las ra?ces finas y secadas hasta peso constante. La biomasa de ra?ces estructurales se estim? con la ecuaci?n desarrollada por Cairns et al. (1997). Se encontraron diferencias estad?sticas (p<0,05) en la acumulaci?n de carbono entre sistemas: mayor en bosques que en pasturas y cultivos (ra?ces finas: 4,2 ? 0,6 vs 2,1 ? 0,4 vs 0,6 ? 0,25 t/ha, y estructurales: 26 ? 2,8 vs 10 ? 0,9 t/ha, respectivamente). La profundidad tiene un efecto significativo (p<0,05) en la acumulaci?n de carbono en ra?ces finas, siendo mayor en las primeras capas y reduci?ndose en las profundas: 55% del carbono se encuentra en los primeros 20 cm del suelo y 12% entre 40-50 cm. Los agentes fisicoqu?micos que caracterizan la cobertura del suelo determinan el crecimiento y desarrollo de las ra?ces. La conservaci?n de bosques nativos implica la retenci?n de cantidades importantes de carbono que al reportar un cambio de uso del suelo podr?a generar un incremento en las concentraciones de CO2 a la atm?sfera. Palabras claves: Almacenamiento de carbono, Biodiversidad, Biomasa, Servicios ambientalesFine roots (diameter < 2 mm) has been characterized as a mean root component in nutrient absorption and carbon dynamics. Carbon sequestration was evaluated inside fine roots through a completely random design with three treatments such as forests; crops and pastures. Similarly, It was applied a design with pursuant slots (depth: 0-10; 10-20; 20-30; 30-40; 40-50 cm) and five repetitions. Blocks were collected of 10 x 10 x 10 cm in dimension which were washed and sifted in order to separate the fine roots and dried them until constant weight. Structural root?s Biomass was estimated with the equation developed by Cairns et al. (1997). It was found statistic differences (p<0,05) on the accumulation of carbon between systems: higher in forests than pastures and crops (fine roots : 4,2 ? 0,6 vs 2,1 ? 0,4 vs 0,6 ? 0,25 t/ha and structural ones: 26 ? 2,8 vs 10 ? 0,9 t/ha, respectively). Depth has a significant effect (p<0,05) on the increasing of carbon at fine roots being higher on the first layers and decreasing at the last ones: 55% of carbon is found in the first 20 cm of the soil and 12% between 40-50 cm. Physicochemical agents that characterize the soil coverage determine the growth and development of roots. Consequently, native forests preservation implies retention of important amounts of carbon since it shows a change on the use of soil could produce an increase on the concentrations of CO2 at the atmosphere. Keywords: Carbon storage, Biodiversity, Biomass, Environmental service

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049