Síntesis de indoloquinolizinas a través de la reacción de teuber,caracterización por resonancia magnética nuclear y evaluación de la actividad citotóxica

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias con Especialidad en Química Biomédica) UANLUANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Susceptibility of Larvae of Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to the Insecticides Methyl Parathion and Carbofuran, 2011

Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) is widely known as a colonizer on corpses. In the state of Nuevo León, Mexico, it has been usually found as part of the cadaveric fauna of human corpses, in “necro” traps with pigs, and in bottle traps with carrion. In the archives of the Attorney General of the State of Nuevo Leon, there is abundant evidence that criminals have used organophosphate and carbamate insecticides to poison persons and cause death. The trial was conducted at the Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas of Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León and Instituto de Criminalística y Servicios Periciales of Procuradurı´a General de Justicia del Estado de Nuevo León, on larvae of Ch. rufifacies collected from human cadavers used for forensic research. In this study, bioassays were performed in 250-ml polyethylene terephthalate containers containing 13.5 g of beef liver paste ground in a blender to which was added 1.5 ml of insecticide solution and subsequently mixed with a wooden applicator. Distilled water rather than insecticide was used for check treatments. Groups of 20 larvae of each stadium were exposed for 24 h to either treatment or check containers, with three replications for each insecticide concentration. Containers were placed in a bioclimatic chamber (ThermoScientific, model 3759; Marietta, OH), set at 2761C and 70610% RH, with a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h. After the 24-h exposure time, the number of dead larvae was recorded, where the criterion of mortality was immobility as the response to a mechanical stimulus. The insecticide formulations tested, Parathion metilico 720 (methyl parathion) and Furadan 350 L (carbofuran), were diluted in distilled water to make a stock solution of 1,000 mg/ml of active ingredient (AI) which was then further diluted for each bioassay and recorded as mg AI per g of beef liver. AI concentrations resulting in mortality from 10 to 90% of larvae are shown in Table 1 with the LC50 and corresponding confidence interval (95% CI) for each AI determined by log-Probit analysis using SPSS version 17.0 shown in Table 2. The LC50 values of both AIs differed significantly at each larval stadium, with larvae more susceptible to carbofuran than to methyl parathion. The LC50 values in all three larval stadia are in the ranges of concentrations that might be expected in a human poisoned with these insecticides. The purpose of the study was to determine the susceptibility of larvae of Ch. rufifacies to the insecticides to complement the medical and chemistry analysis in the estimation of the concentration of toxic at the time of death, when the corpses are at advanced decay

To the public space of quality: a look from Barranquilla

Barranquilla en la búsqueda de su Re-conceptualización como ciudad integral y en apuesta a el mejoramiento de su infraestructura urbana, ha propuesto impulsar el potencial que representan los escenarios públicos en la cotidianidad de la ciudadanía, elementos dinamizadores como los parques y plazas, son tomados como piezas fundamentales para el estudio, análisis y critica de su funcionalidad como ente estructurante del urbanismo en el presente artículo. Logrando de esta forma un comparativo entre la cantidad, calidad y eficiencia de los espacios públicos que posee la ciudad, teniendo en cuenta características de su estado, apreciación e importancia que representa para la población y el impacto de este elemento en el ámbito urbano. Obteniendo a raíz de esto, aspectos subjetivos y objetivos que permiten una valoración completa, un abordaje sistémico del concepto de espacio público. Las variantes que se encuentran al analizar el espacio público en la ciudad dependen de su ubicación o contexto, área, componentes y población o área de influencia que es beneficiada con este, esto pone en una disyuntiva de como realmente ser objetivos a la hora de comparar las muestras, en qué criterios se puede basar para lograr una concepción de un espacio público eficiente, pero que al mismo tiempo se rija por las necesidades y requerimientos de quienes lo habitan, el cual es concebido como todo aquel espacio o área exterior que es de interés público; de todos y para todos, donde puedes ser libre de hacer lo que desees pero respetando el derecho de los demás ciudadanos.Barranquilla in the search of its Re-conceptualization as integral city and in bet to the improvement of its urban infrastructure, has proposed to promote the potential that represent the public scenarios in the daily life of the citizens, dynamic elements such as parks and squares, are taken as fundamental pieces for the study, analysis and critique of its functionality as structuring entity of urbanism in this article. Achieving in this way a comparison between the quantity, quality and efficiency of the public spaces that the city possesses, taking into account characteristics of its state, appreciation and importance that it represents for the population and the impact of this element in the urban environment. Obtaining as a result of this, subjective and objective aspects that allow a complete evaluation, a systemic approach of the concept of public space. The variants found when analyzing the public space in the city depend on its location or context, area, components and population or area of influence that is benefited with it, this puts in a dilemma of how to really be objective when comparing the samples, on what criteria can be based to achieve a conception of an efficient public space, but at the same time governed by the needs and requirements of those who inhabit it, which is conceived as all that space or exterior area that is public interest; of all and for all, where you can be free to do what you want but respecting the rights of other citizens

5,5’-Biindole

Synthesis of 5,5’-biindole was carried out by the Madelung indole reaction. Under strong basic conditions and high temperatures (350 ºC), N,N’-bis-formyl-o-tolidine underwent cyclization to produce high amounts of the dimeric indole. Full and unambiguous assignments of all 1H- and 13C-NMR resonances of indole and 5,5’-biindole in DMSO-d6 are also reported

NMR Detection of Isomers Arising from Restricted Rotation of the C-N Amide Bond of N-Formyl-o-toluidine and N,N’-bis-Formyl-o-tolidine

Full and unambiguous assignment of all 1H- and 13C-NMR resonances of the isomers due to restricted C-N amide bond rotation of N-formyl-o-toluidine and N,N\u27-bis-formyl-o-tolidine in DMSO-d6 is reported. The cis-isomer predominates in the equilibrium mixture of both compounds as 1D-NOE difference experiments show