Bird's habitat suitability model in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve using geographical information system.

Peninsular Malaysia's growing population and rapid economic development have resulted in pressure of forest area usage which consequently led to decrease in wildlife habitat. Recent urban development surrounding Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR) in Selangor, for example, had threatened potential habitats of wildlife including birds. This study was undertaken with two objectives: (i) to develop bird's habitat suitability model using GIS for Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve and, (ii) to identify and map bird habitat location and distribution in the study area. In the study, available AHFR digital map was used in the modelling and analysis. The bird's distribution data was digitized into a GIS using PC-Arc View Version 3.3 software. Suitability model for classifying bird habitat was developed incorporating pre specified criteria. The four criteria used to classify bird's habitat suitability area were "distance from forest edge", "distance from road", "distance from river" and "site slope". These criteria were ranked and weighted prior to calculation by using Suitability Equation in the GIS software. The bird habitat suitability scales used in this study were "highly suitable", "moderately suitable" and "marginally suitable" areas. The suitability model implemented in GIS enables the mapping of suitable bird habitat in AHFR. From the analysis, it was found that the highly suitable area for bird's habitat was located at the centre of the AHFR, which lied from north to south. The highly suitable area was found to cover about 615.83 hectare (6158254 m2), and for moderately and marginally suitable areas, they were about 517.07 hectare (5170752 m2) and 59.98 hectare (599802 m2), respectively. A total of 36 birds were observed present in the highly suitable area, 19 in moderate suitable area and none in the marginally suitable area. The main bird species in the highly suitable area was Little Spiderhunter, Olive-winged Bulbul and Yellow vented Bulbul. Results showed that GIS can be used to identify suitable area for bird habitat in AHFR, hence, the approach can be used for wildlife management strategy in AHFR in the near future

Validasi Kuesioner Sf-36 Versi Indonesia Terhadap Pasien Hipertensi Di Puskesmas YOGYAKARTA

The prevalence of hypertension in Yogyakarta has been highly increasing, so it need an instrument to measure hypertension patients's quality of life regarding the treatment outcome. The study about SF-36 instrument validation has been carried out in hypertension patients in public health center of Yogyakarta. This study was conducted to validate the instruments that have different composition due to the result of previous validation. This study was carried out by prospective cross sectional design. The data will be taken through the interview in hypertensive patients. The subjests were hypertensive patients undergoing outpatient a public health center in the period February to March 2013. Test validity was performed using convergent and discriminant validity was analyzed using person correlation test. We used the Known Group Validity to show differented of quality of life between the groups.The total subjects in this study were 30. The questionnaire revealed reliable due to the Cronbach alpha ≥ 0.70. The convergent validity of the results showed that the value of the domain being tested ≥ 0.4 and the discriminant validity indicated that each of the tested domains had greater value than the other domains. Based on the Known Group Validity test, the p value was ≥ 0.05 means that the questionnaire can not distinguish significantly between hypertensive patients and patient complications, between men and women, and among patients aged 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60-65 years. The Indonesian new version of the SF36 questionnaire can be used to measure the quality of life patients with hypertension. Key words: validation, SF-36, hypertension

Row and column matrices in multiple correspondence analysis with ordered categorical and dichotomous variables

In multiple correspondence analysis, whenever the number of variables exceeds the number of observations, row matrix should be used, but if the number of variables is less than the number of observations column matrix is the suitable procedure to follow. One of the following matrices (rows, columns) leads to loss of information that can be found by the other method, therefore, this paper developed a proposal to overcome this problem, which is: to find a shortcut method allowing the use of the results of one matrix to obtain the results of the other matrix. Taking advantage of all information available, the phenomenon was studied. Some of these results are: Eigenvectors, factor loadings and factor scores based on ordered categorical and dichotomous data. This method is illustrated by using a real data set. Results were obtained by using Minitab program. As a result, it is possible to shortcut transformation between the results of row and column matrices depending on factor loadings and factor scores of the row and column matrices

Effectiveness of tramadol/paracetamol compared with etoricoxib as postoperative analgesia in daycare surgery

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a fixed, tramadol/paracetamol combination when compared with etoricoxib as postoperative analgesia following day care surgery.Design: This was a prospective, randomised, single-blind study.Setting and subjects: Sixty-two patients were randomised to receive either etoricoxib (n = 29) or tramadol/paracetamol (n = 33) by mouth prior to surgery. Patients were given general anaesthesia with fentanyl for intraoperative and rescue analgesia.Outcome measures: The primary efficacy variables that were investigated were total pain relief and sum of pain intensity differences at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 24 and 48 hours. Data were collected by an independent observer through an interview or by telephone after discharge.Results: Total pain relief (p-value 0.001) was significantly different between the two groups for the first four hours. The total dose of fentanyl use was comparable between the two groups. There was also a significant difference in the occurrence of nausea with tramadol/paracetamol (p-value 0.001), and dizziness with etoricoxib (p-value 0.024).Conclusion: Tramadol/paracetamol provided significantly better pain relief than etoricoxib in the early postoperative period.Keywords: daycare surgery, etoricoxib, paracetamol, postoperative analgesia, tramado

Pembuatan Elektroda Fuel Cell dengan Metode Elektrodeposisi Menggunakan Katalis Pt-Cr/C dan Pt/C dan Karakterisasinya

Telah dilakukan penelitian Pembuatan Elektroda Fuel Cell dengan Metode Elektrodeposisi Menggunakan Katalis Pt-Cr/C dan Pt/C yang dilanjutkan dengan karakterisasi konduktivitas dan massa terdeposisi. Penelitian diawali dengan membuat backing layer dari substrat karbon dengan pengikat teflon emulsion dengan perbandingan karbon dan teflon emulsion 1 : 1, kemudian dikarakterisasi konduktivitasnya. Elektroda Fuel Cell dibuat dengan melakukan elektrodeposisi larutan platina (H2PtCl6.6H2O) dan larutan krom (CrCl6.6H2O) pada backing layer dengan konsentrasi bervariasi pada beda potensial 7,5 Volt dan waktu 10 menit. Hasil pengamatan konduktivitas backing layer menunjukkan bahwa backing layer yang dibuat sudah memenuhi syarat sebagai backing layer fuel cell dengan konduktivitas rata-rata sebesar 1,8133.10−1 mhos untuk permukaan dan 2,397.10−2 mhos untuk konduktivitas penampangnya. Hasil elektrodeposisi Pt dan Cr pada backing layer untuk membuat elektroda Pt-Cr/C dan Pt pada backing layer untuk membuat elektroda Pt/C menunjukkan konduktivitas elektrik permukaan mengalami kenaikan, sementara konduktivitas penampangnya tidak mengalami kenaikan secara signifikan. Hasil elektrodeposisi juga menunjukkan bahwa massa katalis Pt dan Cr terdeposisi paling banyak dalam elektroda Pt-Cr/C diperoleh pada komposisi massa Pt : Cr = 40 : 60 dan massa katalis Pt terdeposisi paling banyak dalam elektroda Pt/C diperoleh pada massa Pt = 0,6 mg/cm2

Investigasi terhadap Kemampuan 2 Tipe ADC

Telah dibuat simulasi dan rangkaian untuk ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) tipe Flash dan SAR (Successive Approximation Register) 3 Bit. Simulasi dijalankan dengan memakai program Multisim dan Livewire. Rangkaian yang selesai dibuat di PCB diuji kemampuannya untuk mendapatkan tingkat resolusi, tingkat akurasi, waktu konversi dan rating sampel. Hasil yang diperoleh pada Flash ADC untuk resolusi adalah 0,42 dengan persentase error 7,5 %. Sedangkan pada SAR ADC nilai untuk parameter tersebut adalah 0,64 dan 8,11%. Waktu konversi Flash ADC lebih cepat dibandingkan SAR ADC. Sedangkan untuk rating sampel, kedua tipe tersebut dapat bekerja dengan baik pada selang 0,1 Hz - 500 kHz

Academic Engagement and its Relationship with Academic Self-Handicapping In light of Some Variables

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على العلاقة بين الاندماج الأكاديمي والإعاقة الذاتية الأكاديمية في ضوء بعض المتغيرات. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم اختيار عينة مكونة من (410) طلاب وطالبات من الكلية القاسمي في باقة الغربية باستخدام طريقة العينة المتاحة، وتم تطبيق مقياس الإعاقة الذاتية الأكاديمية ومقياس الاندماج الأكاديمي لهم.  وأظهرت النتائج أن مستوى الاندماج الأكاديمي كان متوسطاً.  كما أشارت النتائج إلى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في الاندماج الأكاديمي حسب الجنس والتخصص، بينما أظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباطية سلبية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الإعاقة الذاتية الأكاديمية الاندماج الأكاديمي.The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between academic engagement and academic self- handicapping in light of some variables. To achieve the objectives of the study, a sample of (410) male and female students from Al-Qasemi College in Baqa Al-Gharbiya was selected using the available sampling method, and the Academic Self-Handicapping Scale and the Academic Engagement Scale were applied to them. The results showed that the level of academic engagement was middle. Furthermore, the results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in academic engagement based on gender and specialization. The results also showed a statistically significant negative correlation between academic self- handicapping and academic engagement

Exploring geo-genealogy using internet surname search histories

We present an interactive flow map to visualize aspects of the ways in which surnames have dispersed and migrated around the globe. This work utilizes Internet search queries from the Worldnames Project and uses the density of search locations to determine the node and leaf structures of a flow map. The mapping technique utilized in this work is a variant of geometric minimal Steiner arborescences called the spiral tree. Our implementation is developed in JavaScript to allow for interactive online exploration. Nodes and flow lines can be interactively modified to allow for esthetic changes of color and layout. The results can provide interesting insight into the geography of amateur genealogy

Comparison between bayesian structural equation models with ordered categorical data

In this paper, ordered categorical variables are used to compare between linear and nonlinear Bayesian structural equation models, Gibbs Sampling method is applied for estimation and model comparison. Statistical inferences, which involve estimation of parameters and their standard deviations, and residuals analyses for testing the posited model, are discussed. The proposed procedure is illustrated by a simulation data obtained from R program. Data results are obtained from WinBUGS program