EVALUATION DES PARAMÈTRES DE CROISSANCE DES ESSENCES FORESTIÈRES LOCALES EN PLANTATION AU TOGO : CAS DE TERMINALIA SUPERBA ENGL. & DIELS ET TERMINALIA IVORENSIS A. CHEV

Description: In the Missahoe’s classified forest in the southwest of Togo, the area of Terminalia superba and Terminalia ivorensis plantations installed between 2000 and 2002, stands at 596.37 ha. More than a decade after their introduction, these plantations have had no growth assessment or receive any silvicultural treatment. Outcomes: The present study aims to characterize the structure of local populations of the two species to identify and plan silvicultural treatments necessary for the evolution of their stands. Methods: The evaluation of the growth parameters of both species was carried out in 80 plots of 20 m side, installed in managed strata of the forest reserve. The effect of density on the increments of the trees was appreciated. Dendrometric statements concerning the diameter at breast height (DBH) were performed. Results: For the two parameters studied, T. superba records a top height of 16.92 ± 3.04 m and an average diameter of 27.22 ± 9.51 cm after 12 years of growth, T. ivorensis reached a dominant amount of 17.40 ± 2.66 m, and an average diameter of 33.40 ± 4.10 cm for the same period. The annual diametric growth of both species was evaluated at 3.52 ± 0.2 cm / year. Conclusion:The different curves of heights obtained on different plots characterize even-aged stands in the seedling stage and fast growing to submit to regular treatment regime

Variation de la densité et la couleur du bois de Pterocarpus erinaceus (Poir) en fonction des conditions environnementales en Afrique de l’Ouest

National audiencePterocarpus erinaceus (Poir.) is currently spontaneous species of Guinea-Sudanese and Sudano-Sahelian areas overexploited and threatened in West Africa. This paper analyzes the density and color of the wood of the species in the agro-ecological zones of three countries in West Africa (Togo, Burkina Faso and Niger). The results of 452 samples collected from 95 trees from the three countries show significant differences in values of basic density and color parameters (P <0.05) according to agro-ecological zones (Sudan, Guinea and Sahel). At scale intra-tree, even if there is an increase in density with the number of rings counted from the pith, this increase is very small (R²≤ 0.18). This reflects the fact that age has little influence on the trees density. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between density and color parameters.Pterocarpus erinaceus (Poir.) est actuellement l’espèce spontanée des zones guinéo-soudaniennes et soudano-sahéliennes très exploitée et menacée en Afrique de l’Ouest. Le présent travail analyse la densité et la couleur du bois de l’espèce dans les zones agroécologiques de trois pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (Togo, Burkina Faso et Niger). Les résultats obtenus sur 452 éprouvettes prélevées de 95 arbres issus des 3 pays indiquent des différences significatives des valeurs de l’infradensité et des paramètres de couleur (P<0,05) en fonction des zones agro-écologiques (soudanienne, guinéenne et sahélienne). A l’échelle intra-arbre, même s’il ya une augmentation de la densité en fonction du nombre de cernes comptés, depuis la moelle, cette augmentation est très faible (R²≤ 0,18). Ce qui traduit le fait que l’âge des arbres influence peu l’infradensité. Par ailleurs une corrélation significative a été observée entre la densité et les paramètres de couleur

Analyse Des Connaissances Sur Pterocarpus Erinaceus Poir. En Afrique Occidentale Et Centrale

Pterocarpus erinaceus (Fabaceae) est une arbre multiusage des zones sahéliennes et soudaniennes d’Afrique. L’espèce a fait l’objet de nombreuses études scientifiques très peu coordonnées, conduisant à des biais sur les besoins réels de connaissances devant permettre une bonne gestion et valorisation. Pour pallier cette insuffisance, les publications sur cette espèce ont été recherchées à partir de Google scholar, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine et Science direct. Après un filtre des publications trop généralistes, 127 publications réalisées entre 1974 et 2019 ont été retenues et classées suivant neuf thématiques préalablement identifiées. Les résultats, issus de 49 institutions de recherche provenant de 19 pays, montrent que les propriétés pharmacologiques, la caractérisation des peuplements de P. erinaceus et le rôle socio-économique sont les thématiques les plus abordées avec respectivement 41,7 %, 29,1 % et 16,5 % des publications alors que celles relatives aux techniques de multiplication, à la régénération et au rôle alimentaire sont peu abordées avec des fréquences respectives de 6,3 %, 4,7 % et 3,9 %. Les résultats indiquent également que 9 pays de l’Afrique de l’ouest totalisent plus de 84,2 % des publications contre de 3,2 % des publications effectuées par 2 pays de l’Afrique centrale et 12,6 % pour 8 pays européens. L’analyse a montré aussi que des études complémentaires sont nécessaires pour améliorer les connaissances sur les techniques de multiplication de l’espèce pour sa sylviculture et les facteurs qui influencent sa régénération en milieu naturel. Pterocarpus erinaceus (Fabaceae) is a multipurpose tree species of Sahelian and Sudanian zones in Africa. Tough the species has been actively studied, the lack of coordination and orientation in these studies lead to some biases in the knowledge needed for the better management and valorization of this species. To overcome this insufficiency, scientific publications available on the species were collected from Google scholar, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE) and Science direct portals. After filtering the generalist publications identified, 127 publications produced between 1974 and 2019 were classified according to nine previously identified themes. The results from 49 research institutions from 19 countries show that the pharmacological properties, the characteristics of the stands of P. erinaceus and the socioeconomic role are the most discussed themes with respectively 41.7 %, 29.1 % and 16.5 % of publications, while those relating to the propagation of the species, natural dissemination and the role of food are rarely addressed with respective frequencies of 6.3 %, 4.7 % and 3.9 %. These results also indicate that 9 West Africa countries published more than 84.2 % of the publications when 3.2 % were published by 2 countries from Central Africa and 12.6 % for 8 European countries. The analysis shows that more studies are needed to improve knowledge about techniques of the propagation of the species for silviculture and factors that influence the natural dissemination of the species in its natural habitat. &nbsp

State of Knowledge on Beekeeping in Côte d'Ivoire: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Productivity of the Sector in the Context of Climate Change

The beekeeping sector in Côte d'Ivoire is developing. Honey gathering, traditional beekeeping and modern beekeeping are widespread in the centre and north of the country. They enable the populations of these areas to diversify and increase their income, and to cure certain benign diseases. Côte d'Ivoire honeys are of good quality and very rich in nutrients: pollen grains and minerals. Despite favourable climatic and floristic conditions, beekeeping in Côte d'Ivoire is still in its infancy, with the aim of increasing honey production. The population of Côte d'Ivoire does not keep bees and is more interested in cash crops than beekeeping. The aim of this study is to take stock of the Ivorian beekeeping sector and its melliferous potential on the basis of available scientific data. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the difficulties facing the sector in terms of sustainable development.&nbsp

State of Knowledge on Beekeeping in Côte d'Ivoire: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Productivity of the Sector in the Context of Climate Change

The beekeeping sector in Côte d'Ivoire is developing. Honey gathering, traditional beekeeping and modern beekeeping are widespread in the centre and north of the country. They enable the populations of these areas to diversify and increase their income, and to cure certain benign diseases. Côte d'Ivoire honeys are of good quality and very rich in nutrients: pollen grains and minerals. Despite favourable climatic and floristic conditions, beekeeping in Côte d'Ivoire is still in its infancy, with the aim of increasing honey production. The population of Côte d'Ivoire does not keep bees and is more interested in cash crops than beekeeping. The aim of this study is to take stock of the Ivorian beekeeping sector and its melliferous potential on the basis of available scientific data. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the difficulties facing the sector in terms of sustainable development.&nbsp

State of Knowledge on Beekeeping Practices in Côte d'Ivoire in the Face of Challenges and Opportunities in the Context of Climate Change

Beekeeping plays an important role in socio-economic development and environmental conservation. This sector is developing in Côte d'Ivoire even if it is an ancient practice. Based on available scientific data, this study aims to take stock of the Ivorian beekeeping sector and its melliferous potential. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the difficulties faced by this sector and to contribute to its sustainable development in the current context of climate change. Côte d'Ivoire’s honey is of good quality and very rich in nutrients: pollen grains, minerals, etc. A part Apis mellifera, other species of bees are present and could be used in keeping. Despite favorable climatic and floristic conditions, beekeeping in Côte d'Ivoire is still in its infancy caused by several challenges: Environmental conditions, lack of training of beekeepers, and weak commitment of stakeholders. To modernize the sector, we need to combine the efforts of the authorities, take into account the recommendations of scientific publications, and encourage the population to understand the importance of preserving plants and bees by practicing modern beekeeping

National profile and treatment outcomes of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Bénin.

BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa, there is a dearth of published literature on extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). OBJECTIVE: To describe demographic, diagnostic and HIV-status characteristics of patients with EPTB in Bénin, their treatment outcomes, and among those who completed their treatment in the Centre National Hospitalier de Pneumo-Phtisiologie (CNHP-P), the proportion whose bodyweight increased during treatment. MATERIAL AND FINDINGS: This was a retrospective cohort study with comparisons made between EPTB and new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (NPTB) patients diagnosed in the country from January to December 2011. There were 383 EPTB patients (9% of all TB cases) with a mean age of 35 years, male/female ratio of 1.3 and important regional variation. There were significantly more females (p = 0.001), children <15 years (p<0.001) and HIV-positive patients (p = 0.005) with EPTB compared with NPTB. Pleural effusion, spinal and lymph node tuberculosis accounted for 66% of all EPTB. Children <15 years represented 16% of cases, with lymph node disease being most common among them (p<0.001). Of 130 EPTB patients registered in CNHP-P, 7% had a confirmed bacteriological/histological diagnosis. There were 331 (86%) patients who successfully completed treatment. More patients with EPTB were lost-to-follow-up compared with NPTB (p<0.001) with all these patients from one region. The best treatment completion rates were in children <15 years (OR:3.5, 95%CI:1.0-14.8) while patients with pleural effusion and ascites had the worst outcomes. Of 72 HIV-coinfected patients, 88% were on antiretroviral therapy (ART). HIV-positive status was associated with poor outcomes while those on ART fared better. In the CNHP-P, more than 80% who completed their treatment showed an increase in bodyweight and this was more evident in HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative patients (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Patients with EPTB generally do well in Bénin, although the TB Programme would benefit through more attention to accurate diagnosis and earlier start of ART in HIV-infected patients