Hubungan Antara Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu Dengan Perkembangan Balita Usia 3-5 Tahun (Suatu Studi Dikelurahan Kadipaten Kecamatan Bojonegoro Kabupaten Bojonegoro Tahun 2014) Relationship Between Education Level Mother with Toddler Development Age 3-5 Years (

Education about early childhood development is a process of changing the personality, attitude and understanding about appropriate development for toddlers. The lack of knowledge becomes a major causal factor in the failure of early childhood development, for example, mothers with low education then it will be difficult to digest the message delivered to educate a child in foster toddler. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between mother's education level with 3-5 years of early childhood development. This study is a correlation study using cross-sectional approach. The population is mothers and toddlers 3-5 years as many as 42. Technique used is total sampling. Data collection by questionnaire and observation (DDST) and then do the editing, coding, scoring, tabulating and analyzing statistical data using Spearman's test (α <0.05), the results of the study are presented in the form of images, tables and narrative.Both of these variables were tested by using analysis of the significance of a cross table with the value of α: ρ value of 0.05 obtained: 0.000 <α 0.05, so Ho is rejected, which means there are relations Education Level Mother With Toddler Development (3-5 years) in the Village Kadipaten District of Bojonegoro 2014.The conclusion of this study is the education level of respondents no association with the development of toddlers 3-5 Years in the Village Kadipaten District of Bojonegoro 2014. Respondents continued attitude they have to educate early childhood development and mutual information or the exchange of experience with other respondents so as to increase better knowledge

Relationship Between the Level of Education Development of Women with Children (Ages 3-5 Years) in Kadipaten Bojonegoro

Education on early childhood development is a process of changing personalities, attitudes and understanding of development that is appropriate for toddlers. The lack of knowledge becomes a major factor in the failure in the process of early childhood development, for example, mothers who have little education then it will be difficult to digest the message delivered to educate a child in a foster child. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between maternal education level with the development of children 3-5 years old.This research is a correlation cross sectional approach. Population is the mother and toddlers 3-5 years as many as 42. Both of these variables was tested significance of using data analysis cross table with a value of α: ρ value of 0.05 obtained: 0,000 <α 0,05 so Ho rejected, which means there Relationship Education Level Mother With Toddler Development (Th 3-5.It is concluded that there is a relationship of education level of respondents with the development of toddlers 3-5 Tahun.Respondent continued attitude they have to educate early childhood development and give each other information, or exchange experience with other respondents so as to increase knowledge better

Training the brain to overcome the effect of aging on the human eye

Presbyopia, from the Greek for aging eye, is, like death and taxes, inevitable. Presbyopia causes near vision to degrade with age, affecting virtually everyone over the age of 50. Presbyopia has multiple negative effects on the quality of vision and the quality of life, due to limitations on daily activities – in particular, reading. In addition presbyopia results in reduced near visual acuity, reduced contrast sensitivity, and slower processing speed. Currently available solutions, such as optical corrections, are not ideal for all daily activities. Here we show that perceptual learning (repeated practice on a demanding visual task) results in improved visual performance in presbyopes, enabling them to overcome and/or delay some of the disabilities imposed by the aging eye. This improvement was achieved without changing the optical characteristics of the eye. The results suggest that the aging brain retains enough plasticity to overcome the natural biological deterioration with age

Stimulus Coding Rules for Perceptual Learning

Perceptual learning of visual features occurs when multiple stimuli are presented in a fixed sequence (temporal patterning), but not when they are presented in random order (roving). This points to the need for proper stimulus coding in order for learning of multiple stimuli to occur. We examined the stimulus coding rules for learning with multiple stimuli. Our results demonstrate that: (1) stimulus rhythm is necessary for temporal patterning to take effect during practice; (2) learning consolidation is subject to disruption by roving up to 4 h after each practice session; (3) importantly, after completion of temporal-patterned learning, performance is undisrupted by extended roving training; (4) roving is ineffective if each stimulus is presented for five or more consecutive trials; and (5) roving is also ineffective if each stimulus has a distinct identity. We propose that for multi-stimulus learning to occur, the brain needs to conceptually “tag” each stimulus, in order to switch attention to the appropriate perceptual template. Stimulus temporal patterning assists in tagging stimuli and switching attention through its rhythmic stimulus sequence

RhoB controls coordination of adult angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis following injury by regulating VEZF1-mediated transcription

Mechanisms governing the distinct temporal dynamics that characterize post-natal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis elicited by cutaneous wounds and inflammation remain unclear. RhoB, a stress-induced small GTPase, modulates cellular responses to growth factors, genotoxic stress and neoplastic transformation. Here we show, using RhoB null mice, that loss of RhoB decreases pathological angiogenesis in the ischaemic retina and reduces angiogenesis in response to cutaneous wounding, but enhances lymphangiogenesis following both dermal wounding and inflammatory challenge. We link these unique and opposing roles of RhoB in blood versus lymphatic vasculatures to the RhoB-mediated differential regulation of sprouting and proliferation in primary human blood versus lymphatic endothelial cells. We demonstrate that nuclear RhoB-GTP controls expression of distinct gene sets in each endothelial lineage by regulating VEZF1-mediated transcription. Finally, we identify a small-molecule inhibitor of VEZF1–DNA interaction that recapitulates RhoB loss in ischaemic retinopathy. Our findings establish the first intra-endothelial molecular pathway governing the phased response of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis following injury

Driving vascular endothelial cell fate of human multipotent Isl1+ heart progenitors with VEGF modified mRNA

Distinct families of multipotent heart progenitors play a central role in the generation of diverse cardiac, smooth muscle and endothelial cell lineages during mammalian cardiogenesis. The identification of precise paracrine signals that drive the cell-fate decision of these multipotent progenitors, and the development of novel approaches to deliver these signals in vivo, are critical steps towards unlocking their regenerative therapeutic potential. Herein, we have identified a family of human cardiac endothelial intermediates located in outflow tract of the early human fetal hearts (OFT-ECs), characterized by coexpression of Isl1 and CD144/vWF. By comparing angiocrine factors expressed by the human OFT-ECs and non-cardiac ECs, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A was identified as the most abundantly expressed factor, and clonal assays documented its ability to drive endothelial specification of human embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived Isl1+ progenitors in a VEGF receptor-dependent manner. Human Isl1-ECs (endothelial cells differentiated from hESC-derived ISL1+ progenitors) resemble OFT-ECs in terms of expression of the cardiac endothelial progenitor- and endocardial cell-specific genes, confirming their organ specificity. To determine whether VEGF-A might serve as an in vivo cell-fate switch for human ESC-derived Isl1-ECs, we established a novel approach using chemically modified mRNA as a platform for transient, yet highly efficient expression of paracrine factors in cardiovascular progenitors. Overexpression of VEGF-A promotes not only the endothelial specification but also engraftment, proliferation and survival (reduced apoptosis) of the human Isl1+ progenitors in vivo. The large-scale derivation of cardiac-specific human Isl1-ECs from human pluripotent stem cells, coupled with the ability to drive endothelial specification, engraftment, and survival following transplantation, suggest a novel strategy for vascular regeneration in the heart

PlGF Repairs Myocardial Ischemia through Mechanisms of Angiogenesis, Cardioprotection and Recruitment of Myo-Angiogenic Competent Marrow Progenitors

Despite preclinical success in regenerating and revascularizing the infarcted heart using angiogenic growth factors or bone marrow (BM) cells, recent clinical trials have revealed less benefit from these therapies than expected.We explored the therapeutic potential of myocardial gene therapy of placental growth factor (PlGF), a VEGF-related angiogenic growth factor, with progenitor-mobilizing activity.Myocardial PlGF gene therapy improves cardiac performance after myocardial infarction, by inducing cardiac repair and reparative myoangiogenesis, via upregulation of paracrine anti-apoptotic and angiogenic factors. In addition, PlGF therapy stimulated Sca-1(+)/Lin(-) (SL) BM progenitor proliferation, enhanced their mobilization into peripheral blood, and promoted their recruitment into the peri-infarct borders. Moreover, PlGF enhanced endothelial progenitor colony formation of BM-derived SL cells, and induced a phenotypic switch of BM-SL cells, recruited in the infarct, to the endothelial, smooth muscle and cardiomyocyte lineage.Such pleiotropic effects of PlGF on cardiac repair and regeneration offer novel opportunities in the treatment of ischemic heart disease