High awareness butlow coverage of a locally produced fortified complementary food in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire : findings from a cross-sectional survey

Poor complementary feeding practices among infants and young children in Côte d'Ivoire are major contributing factors to the country's high burden of malnutrition. As part of a broad effort to address this issue, an affordable, nutritious, and locally produced fortified complementary food product was launched in the Côte d'Ivoire in 2011. The objective of the current research was to assess various levels of coverage of the program and to identify coverage barriers. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted among caregivers of children less than 2-years of age living in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Four measures of coverage were assessed: "message coverage" (i.e., has the caregiver ever heard of the product?), "contact coverage" (i.e., has the caregiver ever fed the child the product?), "partial coverage" (i.e., has the caregiver fed the child the product in the previous month?), and "effective coverage" (i.e., has the caregiver fed the child the product in the previous 7 days?). A total of 1,113 caregivers with children between 0 and 23 months of age were interviewed. Results showed high message coverage (85.0%), moderate contact coverage (37.8%), and poor partial and effective coverages (8.8% and 4.6%, respectively). Product awareness was lower among caregivers from poorer households, but partial and effective coverages were comparable in both poor and non-poor groups. Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices were generally poor and did not appear to have improved since previous assessments. In conclusion, the results from the present study indicate that availability on the market and high awareness among the target population is not sufficient to achieve high and effective coverage. With market-based delivery models, significant efforts are needed to improve demand. Moreover, given the high prevalence of malnutrition and poor IYCF practices, additional modes of delivering IYCF interventions and improving IYCF practices should be considered

Relation entre le capital humain des maraîchers urbains et leurs comportements de prévention des risques sanitaires sur les sites de culture à Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)

Le capital humain des maraîchers urbains d’Abidjan influence leur prévention des risques sanitaires liés à l’utilisation abusive des pesticides et des eaux usées, et à l’intensité du travail de maraîchage en milieu urbain. Mais, les effets positifs de la scolarisation et de l’expérience professionnelle sur la santé sont assujettis par les exigences et les contraintes de l’activité agricole, et particulièrement du maraîchage urbain, de sorte qu’ils ne sont perçus chez les maraîchers à condition que ceux-ci n’aient d’autres alternatives. Autrement dire, les comportements de prévention des risques sanitaires sur les sites maraîchers d’Abidjan dépendent de la possibilité de mobilisation de l’éducation en tant que capital humain des exploitants. Il importe à l’Etat ainsi qu’à la communauté maraîchère, entièrement concernés, de jouer le rôle qui est le leur afin d’améliorer les stratégies de prévention des maraîchers à travers, éventuellement, le développement de leur capital humain.The human capital of Abidjan urban gardeners influence prevention of health risks related to misuse of pesticides and waste water, and the intensity of the work of gardening in urban areas. But the positive effects of schooling and experience on health are subject to the requirements and constraints of agricultural activity, especially the urban gardening, so they are seen in the garden provided they had other alternatives. In other words, behaviour to prevent health risks at the gardeners sites of Abidjan depend on the possibility of mobilization of education as human capital of farmers. It is important to state and community gardening, all concerned to play their role to improve prevention strategies gardeners through, possibly, the development of their human capital

Met Need and Coverage Ratios of PKL’s Fortified Complementary Instant Cereals by Coverage Measure and Risk Group ^a.

<p>Met Need and Coverage Ratios of PKL’s Fortified Complementary Instant Cereals by Coverage Measure and Risk Group <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0166295#t004fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Coverage and Consumption of PKL’s Fortified Complementary Instant Cereals among Children 6–23 Months.

<p>Coverage and Consumption of PKL’s Fortified Complementary Instant Cereals among Children 6–23 Months.</p

IRAP+ endosomes restrict TLR9 activation and signaling

International audienceThe retention of intracellular Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the endoplasmic reticulum prevents their activation under basal conditions. TLR9 is activated by sensing ligands in specific endosomal-lysosomal compartments. Here we identified IRAP+ endosomes as major cellular compartments for the early steps of TLR9 activation in dendritic cells (DCs). Both TLR9 and its ligand, the dinucleotide CpG, were present as cargo in IRAP+ endosomes. In the absence of the aminopeptidase IRAP, the trafficking of CpG and TLR9 to lysosomes and signaling via TLR9 were enhanced in DCs and in mice following bacterial infection. IRAP stabilized CpG-containing endosomes by interacting with the actin-nucleation factor FHOD4, which slowed the trafficking of TLR9 toward lysosomes. Thus, endosomal retention of TLR9 via the interaction of IRAP with the actin cytoskeleton is a mechanism that prevents hyper-activation of TLR9 in DCs