1,650 research outputs found
Total Antioxidant Activity in Normal Pregnancy
Objective: Pregnancy is a state, which is more prone for oxidative stress. Various studies report development of a strong defence mechanisms against free radical damage, as the pregnancy progresses. Aim of our study is to assess the antioxidant status by measuring the total antioxidant activity. Methods: Total antioxidant activity was assayed by Koracevic’ et al’s method, with the plasma of twenty five pregnant women (with normal blood pressure) as test group and twenty five age matched non-pregnant women as control group. All complicated pregnancies are excluded from the study. Results: Highly significant decline (P< 0.001) in antioxidant activity was observed in pregnant women with a value of 1.40 ± 0.25mmol/l, as compared to controls, 1.63 ± 0.21 mmol/l. Conclusion: Reduction in total antioxidant activity could be due to the fall in individual antioxidant levels. But several studies report an elevated enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants during pregnancy. Any way total antioxidant activity is not a simple sum of individual antioxidants, but the dynamic equilibrium & cooperation between them. So inspite the rise in individual antioxidants , total antioxidant activity may be low. Further studies need to be done with antioxidant activity as a marker of complicated pregnancies like pregnancy induced hypertension
SU(2) Invariants of Symmetric Qubit States
Density matrix for N-qubit symmetric state or spin-j state (j = N/2) is
expressed in terms of the well known Fano statistical tensor parameters.
Employing the multiaxial representation [1], wherein a spin-j density matrix is
shown to be characterized by j(2j+1) axes and 2j real scalars, we enumerate the
number of invariants constructed out of these axes and scalars. These
invariants are explicitly calculated in the particular case of pure as well as
mixed spin-1 state.Comment: 7 pages, 1 fi
Representing a cubic graph as the intersection graph of axis-parallel boxes in three dimensions
We show that every graph of maximum degree 3 can be represented as the
intersection graph of axis parallel boxes in three dimensions, that is, every
vertex can be mapped to an axis parallel box such that two boxes intersect if
and only if their corresponding vertices are adjacent. In fact, we construct a
representation in which any two intersecting boxes just touch at their
boundaries. Further, this construction can be realized in linear time
Cubicity of interval graphs and the claw number
Let be a simple, undirected graph where is the set of vertices
and is the set of edges. A -dimensional cube is a Cartesian product
, where each is a closed interval of
unit length on the real line. The \emph{cubicity} of , denoted by \cub(G)
is the minimum positive integer such that the vertices in can be mapped
to axis parallel -dimensional cubes in such a way that two vertices are
adjacent in if and only if their assigned cubes intersect. Suppose
denotes a star graph on nodes. We define \emph{claw number} of
the graph to be the largest positive integer such that is an induced
subgraph of . It can be easily shown that the cubicity of any graph is at
least \ceil{\log_2\psi(G)}.
In this paper, we show that, for an interval graph
\ceil{\log_2\psi(G)}\le\cub(G)\le\ceil{\log_2\psi(G)}+2. Till now we are
unable to find any interval graph with \cub(G)>\ceil{\log_2\psi(G)}. We also
show that, for an interval graph , \cub(G)\le\ceil{\log_2\alpha}, where
is the independence number of . Therefore, in the special case of
, \cub(G) is exactly \ceil{\log_2\alpha}.
The concept of cubicity can be generalized by considering boxes instead of
cubes. A -dimensional box is a Cartesian product , where each is a closed interval on the real
line. The \emph{boxicity} of a graph, denoted , is the minimum
such that is the intersection graph of -dimensional boxes. It is clear
that box(G)\le\cub(G). From the above result, it follows that for any graph
, \cub(G)\le box(G)\ceil{\log_2\alpha}
A COST OF ILLNESS STUDY OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN MANGALORE, KARNATAKA, INDIA
Objective: The aim of the study was to study the cost of illness of uncomplicated and complicated type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The non-interventional retrospective study was carried out in K.S. Hegde Medical Academy. Annual laboratory costs, pharmacy cost, consultation charges, hospital bed charges, and surgical/intervention costs of 340 diabetic patients were obtained from the medical record section of the hospital. Patients were divided into six groups, uncomplicated, diabetic retinopathy (DR), nephropathy, neuropathy, diabetic foot (DF), and those with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and different costs were compared. Correlation of costs with duration of the study and glycemic control were studied.Results: Uncomplicated patients had significantly lower costs (p<0.0001) compared to other groups. Patients with IHD had highest expenses (p<0.0001), followed by diabetic nephropathy (DN) and DF (p<0.0001). Cost incurred in diabetic neuropathy (DNeu) was almost the double compared to uncomplicated group, but annual medical cost (AMC) was minimum among other diabetic complications. DR had higher expenses compared to DNeu. The similar pattern of distribution was observed in other individual costs. A positive correlation was observed between the costs incurred and duration of diabetes, a negative correlation between the glycemic status and cost incurred. Cost incurred was double when compared to that of previous decade.Conclusion: The total AMC is significantly higher in complicated diabetic patients as compared to those without complications. Diabetic patients with IHD had the highest expenses, followed by DN, DF, DR, and DNeu which was least expensive
Entangling capabilities of Symmetric two qubit gates
Our work addresses the problem of generating maximally entangled two spin-1/2
(qubit) symmetric states using NMR, NQR, Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick Hamiltonians.
Time evolution of such Hamiltonians provides various logic gates which can be
used for quantum processing tasks. Pairs of spin-1/2's have modeled a wide
range of problems in physics. Here we are interested in two spin-1/2 symmetric
states which belong to a subspace spanned by the angular momentum basis {|j =
1, {\mu}>; {\mu} = +1, 0,-1}. Our technique relies on the decomposition of a
Hamiltonian in terms of SU(3) generators. In this context, we define a set of
linearly independent, traceless, Hermitian operators which provides an
alternate set of SU(n) generators. These matrices are constructed out of
angular momentum operators Jx,Jy,Jz. We construct and study the properties of
perfect entanglers acting on a symmetric subspace i.e., spin-1 operators that
can generate maximally entangled states from some suitably chosen initial
separable states in terms of their entangling power.Comment: 12 page
- …