Graphettes: Constant-time determination of graphlet and orbit identity including (possibly disconnected) graphlets up to size 8.

Graphlets are small connected induced subgraphs of a larger graph G. Graphlets are now commonly used to quantify local and global topology of networks in the field. Methods exist to exhaustively enumerate all graphlets (and their orbits) in large networks as efficiently as possible using orbit counting equations. However, the number of graphlets in G is exponential in both the number of nodes and edges in G. Enumerating them all is already unacceptably expensive on existing large networks, and the problem will only get worse as networks continue to grow in size and density. Here we introduce an efficient method designed to aid statistical sampling of graphlets up to size k = 8 from a large network. We define graphettes as the generalization of graphlets allowing for disconnected graphlets. Given a particular (undirected) graphette g, we introduce the idea of the canonical graphette [Formula: see text] as a representative member of the isomorphism group Iso(g) of g. We compute the mapping [Formula: see text], in the form of a lookup table, from all 2k(k - 1)/2 undirected graphettes g of size k ≤ 8 to their canonical representatives [Formula: see text], as well as the permutation that transforms g to [Formula: see text]. We also compute all automorphism orbits for each canonical graphette. Thus, given any k ≤ 8 nodes in a graph G, we can in constant time infer which graphette it is, as well as which orbit each of the k nodes belongs to. Sampling a large number N of such k-sets of nodes provides an approximation of both the distribution of graphlets and orbits across G, and the orbit degree vector at each node

PEMODELAN ZONA SUBDUKSI DAN STRUKTUR BAWAH PERMUKAAN JAWA TIMUR BERDASARKAN KAJIAN ANOMALI GRAVITASI

Gravitation field research which covers from North coast of East Java to Java trench has been carried out. The major purpose of this research was to estimate basement model from North coast of East Java to Java trench and also to estimate the Tertiery sedimen structures of East Java. The gravity anomaly data used in this research is a secondary data from digitizing Gravity anomaly map which is produced by Indonesian Geological Research and Development Center (Budiman, 2000). Topography data is obtain from http://topex.ucsd.edu. Digitized Gravity anomaly data size is 71 x 75 grid with 6000 m of grid interval. Further process is projection of gravity anomaly onto regularly gridded horisontal plane using the equivalent source technique (Dampney, 1969). The result of upward continuation is a regional and residual gravitation anomaly, which is located at regular surface on 20 km above spheroid reference. The power spectrum methods is used for discontinuity depth estimation. Subsurface modelling use Talwani methods by Geomodel computational program. The result of modelling show the existence of subduction below the Indonesian ocean, horst-like type structure below the southern coast of East Java, and the basin at the center part of East Java. The inclination of the oceanic crust beneath the outer arc is between 4,50 – 80. There is a anticipation that subduction is correspond to the folding system and volcanism at East Java. The result of modelling show that East Java have a thick Tertiary sedimen up to 6 km

Marine turtle nesting survey and stranding assessment from Tartus to Syria’s border with Lebanon

The nesting of sea turtles (Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas) was studied along the beach south of Tartus (i.e. the Beach of Dreams "Al Ahlam" as far as the border of Syria and Lebanon to the south, a distance of about 40 km. It includes a length of about 10 km suitable for sea turtle nesting. The beach was divided into 7 subsections, each of them between 0.3 and 3 km long. The nesting success was 25% for the loggerhead turtle and 40% for the green turtle. A total of 106 dead marine turtles were observed, including 95 (92%) loggerhead turtles and 11 (8%) green turtles

Experimental setup of pipe whip impact

Pipe whip is a safety related issue for nuclear power and chemical plants, where pipes are often used to transport fluids at high pressure and high temperature. Experiment works for empty pipe and liquid filled pipe are needed in this study. The model was made of simple pipe whip system which enables the missile pipe to hit the target pipe at an angle of 90° and also 55° oblique impact. The possible damages occur on the target pipe when the missile pipe hit it at certain velocity depend on the different mass of dropper and different diameter ofthe target pipe. Copper pipe is used as the target pipe and steel as the missile pip

Experimental results of pipe whip impact

Pipe whip is a safety related issue for nuclear power and chemical plants, where pipes are often used to transport fluids at high pressure and high temperature. Experiment works for empty pipe and liquid filled pipe are needed in this study. The model was made of simple pipe whip system which enables the missile pipe to hit the target pipe at an angle of 90° and also 55° oblique impact. The results of the experiments show the possible damage and failure of different types of pipe whip with different fill conditions. 2

Numerical analysis on materials energy absorbing capability under gravity loading impact

Energy absorbers are systems that convert kinetic energy into other forms of energy, such as pressure energy in compressible fluids, elastic strain energy in solids, and plastic defonnation energy in defom1able solids. The process of conversion for plastic defonnation depends, among other factors, on the magnitude and method of application of loads, transmission rates, defonnation displacement pattems, and material properties. The applications of defonnable energy absorbers have been paid serious attention for several decades, for the means of safety. The aim is to minimize the impact by controlling the deceleration pulse during impact, i.e. extending the period of dissipation of kinetic energy. Cushioning devices on vehicle bumpers, crash retarders in emergency systems of lifts, and some crash barriers used as road blocks are everyday examples. The vital application of this work is reliability of energy to absorb massive landing force, for instance the missile safeguards when landing on the ground. The high energy absorbing ability can practically applied into rocket system for sending the chips or any other important materials to the space or far-distant place, thus protecting the chips from damag

Numerical and experimental results of liquid slosh in a partially filled cylindrical tank

Several experiments with different water levels were conducted to monitor the effect of water slosh in the container tank. This experimental study on fluid slosh was conducted to validate the results of the numerical models. The observation of the experimental results shows that strain gage-1 experienced compression strain at the top of the tank, while strain gage-2 experienced tension strain at the frontal area. The unit of the strain is displayed in pdm. From this experiment, the values for strain gage-1 is quite lower than strain gage-2.This big different is due to strain gage-2 in the frontal area is experience more forces and moments compared to the strain gage- 1 at the top of the tank

Damage assessment of liquid filled container subjected to free fall on rigid steel plate

Chemicals can be a great threat to society and to the environment, despite its wide usage III industrial applications. Extra precautions have to be taken into account, considering the increasing numbers of accident cases involving chemical-transp0l1ing tanks. Precautions should be taken especially when transporting chemicals of radioactive nature. Should any spill of such chemicals occur, its effects on the environment and human life can be catastrophic. In tel111S of passive safety, the tank designer has to study the probable effect on the tank body such that the transporter gets involved in a crash, thus enhancing the design. In this project, we have performed drop testing on liquid filled containers. The defonnation of the specimen was observed after the impact. Prediction for the defonnation OCCUlTed on the container after being dropped through a 6 meter pipe was taken as the result. The damage assessment of the waterfilled container is very important for some industries in order to avoid danger that might occur to the container when it accidently falls. Some chemical liquids can pose great danger to the environment. Therefore, if we can predict something before it happens, we can use many possibilities to avoid it

Simulation results of pipe whip impact at 55° angle

The safety of pipe whip is related issue for nuclear power and chemical plants, where pIpes are often used to transport fluids at high pressure and high temperature. Simulation analysis for empty pipe and liquid filled pipe are conducted in this study. The model was made of simple pipe whip system which enables the missile pipe to hit the target pipe at an angle of 55° oblique impact. The simulation setup is done by LS-DYNA which is highly nonlinear transient dynamic finite element analysis using explicit time integration. The results show the defonnation occurred in the pipe whip at different degrees of impact